AP Bio Test- Unit 2
Which of the following descriptions of cell type I and cell type II are most consistent with the data?
(1) animal cell- plasma membrane (2)- plant cell plasma membrane and cell wall
Which of the following best describes how the ratio of the density of stomata (stomata per mm2) per CO2 concentration (ppm CO2) changes as the CO2 concentration increases?
0.86 to 0.63
Testosterone is a small steroid hormone that is important in cell signaling. Which of the following describes where testosterone enters a cell and why it is able to cross at that point?
1, testosterone is nonpolar and can diffuse through the membrane.
**same question
10 box (smallest)
Which of the following cube-shaped cells would be most efficient in removing waste by diffusion?
10 box (smallest)
Site of conversion of chemical energy of glucose to ATP
A (mitochondria)
Some substances can pass through an actual cell membrane much faster than they passed through the artificial membrane in this study. Which of the following statements best explains this finding?
Actual cell membranes have a variety of proteins embedded in the membrane that are absent in the artificial membrane.
Mitochondria are found in most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations?
An ancestral cell most likely engulfed anaerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells.
Site of glucose synthesis
B (chloroplast)
Evolved from a photoautotrophic prokaryote
B (chloroplasts)
Which of the following is a characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts that supports the endosymbiotic theory?
Both contain DNA molecules.
Site of modification and packaging of proteins and lipids prior to export from the cell
C (golgi body)
Which of the following data would best refute this alternative hypothesis?
CO2 and N2 movement in and out of cells is unaffected when membrane protein activity is blocked.
Based on the data, which cell is likely to be most effective in the exchange of materials?
Cell 2 (60 and 10)
Which of the following observations best supports the model?
Chloroplasts and some prokaryotes share similar photosynthetic reactions.
Site of transport of materials into and out of the cell
D (cell membrane)
Which of the following correctly shows the order in which protein X moves through the cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum→golgi apparatus -> lysosomes
The hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures?
Golgi complex
Some viral infections can lead to the rupture of the lysosome membrane. Which prediction of the effect of this disruption of cellular compartmentalization is most likely correct?
Hydrolytic enzymes will be released, which will cause cell death.
What additional procedure would best help determine whether these movements are due to active transport or to passive transport?
Include substance to block ATP
Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (light-independent) cycle?
ORGANELLE matrix
Membrane-bound organelles have been an important component in the evolution of complex, multicellular organisms. Which of the following best summarizes an advantage of eukaryotic cells having internal membranes?
Organelles isolate specific reactions, increasing metabolic efficiency.
If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?
Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient
The figure above represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following best describes the role of the structure labeled Y?
Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized.
Which of the following most directly explains the changes in the cells?
The movement of water from the central vacuoles of the cells into the solution
A certain type of specialized cell contains an unusually large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
The production and secretion of proteins
Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane?
Use a small, nonpolar solute instead of a protein
**same question
concentration rate increases
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both
depend on a concentration gradient
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common?
ribosomes
The student analyzed the data from the investigation and concluded that the estimate of the mean of one treatment group was unreliable. Which of the following identifies the treatment group most likely to have provided an unreliable estimate of the mean, and correctly explains why the estimate appears unreliable?
treatment group II
To model a plant cell, a permeable, nonflexible case is placed around each piece of dialysis tubing. The greatest pressure potential will develop within dialysis tube number
4
The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to the distilled water in the beaker?
5 (all 11.2)
A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?
6
Which of the following groups of cellular components are found in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?
An endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and a nucleus
Based on their observations, what should the researchers do to further clarify how the availability of the protein outside the cells affects the rate of endocytosis of the protein?
Incubate the cells in the presence of several different concentrations of the protein.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?
Ions are unable to move - nonpolar tails are hydrophobic.
Which of the following best explains how the extensive folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane benefits a eukaryotic cell?
It increases the area available for proteins involved in energy transfer.
Which of the following conclusions about increasing the number of folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane is best supported by the results of the experiment?
It increases the surface area available for ATP production, which results in faster cell growth.
Which of the following claims about the origin of the euglenid chloroplast is best supported by the three-membrane structure of the envelope?
It originated from the incorporation of a photosynthetic prokaryote into a eukaryotic cell by TWO endosymbiotic events.
Which of the following conclusions about the radiolabeled amino acid is best supported by the results of the experiment?
It was mostly incorporated into proteins that regulate and manage metabolic reactions.
Which of the following processes is most likely to occur as a result of an animal cell receiving a signal to initiate apoptosis?
Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol.
Which of the following best supports the statement that mitochondria are descendants of endosymbiotic bacteria-like cells?
Mitochondria and bacteria possess similar ribosomes and DNA.
The manner in which several different ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place?
Na transport- ATP hydrolysis
Which of the following provides an accurate calculation of the surface area to volume ratio of an HS red blood cell, as well as a prediction of its effect on the efficient transferring of oxygen compared to a normal red blood cell?
Ratio is 0.89
Based on the figure, which of the following statements best describes the relationship between regions 1 and 2 of the protein?
Region 1 is hydrophilic- aqueous environment, whereas region 2 is hydrophobic- interior of the membrane.
The team wants to extend the research project. What should the team of students do next to obtain data that are more conclusive?
Repeat the process with other salt concentrations.
Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes?
The Golgi apparatus
Based on the model presented in Figure 1, which of the following changes will most likely result from a depletion of available ATP stores inside the cell?
The Na+ concentration inside the cell will increase.
Which of the following is the dependent variable in the experiment?
The absorbance of 460 nm light by the treatment solutions
Which of the following best describes the condition expected after 24 hours?
The bag will contain more water than it did in the original condition.
Which of the following cellular deficiencies would most likely be related to mutations in mitochondrial proteins?
The cell is unable to complete reactions related to electron transport and ATP production.
Which of the following best explains how molecules such asO2 and CO2 can move across the membrane of a cell?
The majority of the cell membrane is nonpolar, which allows small, nonpolar molecules to freely cross.
The diagram above represents a typical rod-shaped bacterium. Which of the following best describes a feature shown in the diagram that is unique to archaea and bacteria?
The organism does not have a nuclear membrane surrounding its genetic material.
A scientist is studying the various prokaryotic and eukaryotic species found floating in a sample of water taken from a marine ecosystem.
The ribosome, since all organisms need to synthesize proteins.
Which of the following transport mechanisms will be affected most directly by a temporary shortage of ATP molecules inside the cell?
The transport of glucose molecules against a concentration gradient
Which of the following claims about the effects of the valinomycin treatment is best supported by the data presented in the table?
The valinomycin treatment caused a decrease in the activity of the mitochondria.
The figure below illustrates a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following best describes how the three structures indicated by the arrows work together?
To synthesize and isolate proteins for secretion or for use in the cell
Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why?
View 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of the cells
Which of the following scientific questions is most relevant to the model represented in the figure above?
Which molecular substance is actively transported across the plasma membrane?
Based on the data from the investigation, which of the following is the best scientific question about organisms living in water that is polluted with organic solvents?
Will organisms living in polluted environments exhibit detrimental effects from an increased permeability of their cellular membranes?
Paramecia are unicellular protists that have contractile vacuoles to remove excess intracellular water. In an experimental investigation, paramecia were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?
concentration rate increases
Which of the graphs below best represents the predicted change in mass over time of the dialysis bag in the beaker to which albumin was added?
constant then dips down (ms driscoll went over in class)
In an experiment, the efficiency of oxygen exchange across the plasma membrane is being assessed in four artificial red blood cells. The table above lists some properties of those artificial cells. Other conditions being equal, which artificial cell is predicted to be the most efficient in exchanging oxygen with the environment by diffusion?
cuboidal cell
Nonpolar region and polar head diagram
diagram that fits like a puzzle
*same question*
dilute urine
If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?
dilute urine
The illustration above is a model of a typical beet root cell. Based on the experimental results, which of the following best represents the effect of acetone on the permeability of cellular membranes?
dots in then going completely out (cell w circle)
Which of the following observations best supports the claim that mitochondria evolved from once-free-living prokaryotic cells by the process of endocytosis?
double membrane
When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of metabolic energy, the process is best described as
facilitated diffusion
If, instead of the bag, a potato slice were placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would be true of the potato slice?
gain mass
Liver cells manufacture glycoproteins, while adipose cells store fat. Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?
golgi apparatus
Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation of the experimental data?
gray bar graph w lines
All of the following changes would be likely to decrease the rate of transpiration at 8 A.M. EXCEPT
increasing the water potential of the soil
Based on the information provided, Gaucher disease results most directly from a defect in the function of which of the following organelles?
lysosome
Contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules
lysosome
The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the
mitochondrion
organelle that requires direct oxygen
mitochondrion
Which of the following results, one hour after membrane fusion, best supports the alternative hypothesis that the cell membrane is a fluid mosaic?
mix of both gray and black spread out
Which of the following best explains the advantage these projections provide the cell?
more EFFICIENT nutrient change
Which of the following best predicts what will happen to the lysosomal enzymes if the proteins that transport H+ ions from the cytosol into the lysosome are damaged?
not active- no active transport
Which of the following best represents the amount of starch, water, and glucose in the dialysis bag over the course of the investigation?
only graph w the key
Water enters and leaves the plant cells primarily by
osmisis (graph that hits 0.8)
By which of the following mechanisms do the water molecules most likely move into the large intestine?
passive transport- low to high
From the initial conditions and results described, which of the following is a logical conclusion?
pores of bag are larger
Which of the following components of the cell membrane is responsible for active transport?
protein
In graphing the data from this experiment, the sampling time would be shown on the x-axis because
sampling time= indpt variable
Based on the information presented, how does aldosterone most likely enter target cells?
simple diffusion
Based on the data, which type of cell would be best suited for the lining the alveoli of the lungs, where diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen must occur very rapidly?
simple squamous
Which of the following results best refutes the alternative hypothesis that selective permeability is a consequence of the cell wall?
solution is clear