AP Biology Midterm

During aerobic cellular respiration, oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon dioxide gas is produced. In order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of oxygen gas consumption, the experimental setup should include which of the following?

A substance that removes carbon dioxide gas (correct on pretest)

If an individual with diabetes consumes food that is high in simple carbohydrates, blood-sugar levels can rise above normal levels. Which of the following questions would provide the best direction for a researcher who wanted to study the impact of abnormally high blood-sugar levels on cellular homeostasis in diabetics?

Does water move from cells into blood vessels more rapidly in diabetics than in nondiabetics when blood-sugar levels are higher than normal? (correct on pretest)

Both liver cells and lens cells have the genes for making the proteins albumin and crystalline. However, only liver cells express the blood protein albumin and only lens cells express crystalline, the main protein in the lens of the eye. Both of these genes have enhancer sequences associated with them. The claim that gene regulation results in differential gene expression and influences cellular products (albumin or crystalline) is best supported by evidence in which of the following statements?

Liver cells and lens cells use different RNA polymerase enzymes to transcribe DNA.

Contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Lysosomes

If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited?

Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient

Organelles such as mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum have membranes that compartmentalize reactions and other metabolic processes. To function properly, the organelles must move substances across their membranes. Which of the following statements describes a feature shared by mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum that increases the efficiency of their basic functions?

They have highly folded membranes.

In short-day (long-night) plants, the critical environmental factor that induces flowering is the

duration of uninterrupted dark only

According to the chemiosmotic theory (chemiosmotic coupling), the energy required to move protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space against a concentration gradient comes most directly from

electrons flowing along the electron transport chain

Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is...

necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation (correct on pretest)

A human cell in prophase of mitosis can be distinguished from a human cell in prophase I of meiosis by the presence of

twice as many chromosomes in the meiotic cell