AP Classroom: Unit 1 Part 1

Which of the following best explains why the different warbler species can all have habitats in the same conifer trees? A. Not all the warblers are residents in the forest at the same time of the year because of different migration patterns. B. Physiological differences in beak structure allow the warblers to consume different species of seeds through symbiotic relationships. C. Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree. D. Niche overlap occurs between the five different species, and living in the same tree increases competition for seeds.

C. Resource partitioning of the seeds reduces competition, and the five different species can live in the same tree.

In a fish species, the number of eggs that hatch and survive for one year varies depending on the number of eggs that were produced. As the number of eggs produced increases past a threshold number, the survival rate of the offspring decreases. Which of the following statements best explains why only a limited number of offspring can survive in a fish population? A. Resource partitioning allows similar species to coexist in the same ecological community. B. The number of fish surviving after one year is proportional to the number of eggs produced. C. The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings. D. More yearling fish survive beyond one year when there is an abundance of prey species present.

C. The chance of survival decreases when there is intraspecific competition for resources among surviving yearlings.

Which of the following is an example of a carbon sink? A. Deposition of organic matter on the deep ocean floor B. Clearing of trees in the Amazon forest C. Combustion of fossil fuels in power plants D. Decomposition of food waste by bacteria E. Nutrient uptake by the roots of grasses in a suburban lawn

A. Deposition of organic matter on the deep ocean floor

Which of the following is a process that indirectly removes carbon from Earth's atmosphere? A. Formation of carbonate deposits B. Outgassing by volcanoes C. Respiration by mammals D. Respiration by anaerobic bacteria E. Photodissociation by ultraviolet light

A. Formation of carbonate deposits

Based on the diagram above, which of the following processes reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere? A. Photosynthesis B. Cellular respiration C. Decomposition D. Burning of fossil fuels

A. Photosynthesis

Which of the following best describes a symbiotic relationship? A. Striped bass and bluefish eat the same variety of mackerel. B. Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans. C. Mountain lions feed on white-tailed deer. D. Marsupial animals carry their young in a pouch.

B. Intestinal bacteria inhabit the gut of humans.

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature? A. Carbon dioxide is released during photosynthesis. B. Carbon compounds rarely exist in the gaseous state. C. Carbon sinks include forests and oceans. D. The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by cutting trees. E. Carbon is concentrated in igneous rocks.

C. Carbon sinks include forests and oceans.

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon? A. Photosynthesis is reduced by virtue of increased smoke and haze. B. Carbon released by the burning is not in a form that can be readily absorbed by plants, leaving residual carbon in the atmosphere. C. Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere. D. Carbon released by the burning is more easily absorbed in the atmosphere than that produced by natural means. E. Carbon released by the burning increases plant growth, producing more carbon for the atmosphere.

C. Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycling between the atmosphere and the biosphere.

Scientists calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both forests have the same gross primary productivity. Forest A has a net primary productivity of 1,650kcal/m2/year, and forest B has a net primary productivity of 1,110kcal/m2/year. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data? A. Forest A has a higher rate of decomposition by bacteria than forest B B. Forest A has more biodiversity than forest B. C. Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers. D. Forest A producers have more biomass than forest B producers.

C. Forest A producers have lower rates of cellular respiration than forest B producers.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem? A. Net primary productivity is the amount of energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time. B. Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost by producers through respiration over time. C. Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem. D. Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers added to the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

C. Net primary productivity is the amount of energy lost through respiration by producers subtracted from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem.

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem? A. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers plus the energy used by consumers over time. B. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy captured by producers minus the energy that producers respire over time. C. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of energy lost as heat during energy transfer between trophic levels. D. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

D. Gross primary productivity is the total amount of solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis over time.

The greatest amount of fresh water is found in which of the following? A. The atmosphere B. Estuaries C. Lakes D. Rivers and streams E. Polar ice caps and glaciers

E. Polar ice caps and glaciers