AP digestive exam wsu

After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as

chyme

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

filtration

An intestinal hormone that stimulates gastric secretion is

gastrin.

Movements unique to the large intestine are ________ movements.

mass

The gastroileal reflex

moves some chyme to the colon.

Gastric pits are

openings into gastric glands.

Chief cells secrete

pepsinogen.

Does a high-fat meal raise or lower the level of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the blood? (Module 22.14C)

raise

Name the major functions of the large intestine. (Module 22.16A)

reabsorbing water and compacting material into feces, absorbing vitamins, and storing fecal material

Which pair of salivary glands contributes most to saliva production? (Module 22.19C)

submandibular

Which accessory organ of the digestive system is responsible for almost 200 known functions? (Module 22.18C)

liver

Starting at the mouth, identify the major organs of the digestive tract. (Module 22.1B)

oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion?

pancreas

What is the importance of the mesenteries? (Module 22.2A)

they support and stabilize organs of the abdominal cavity and provide a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels

Mary had most of her stomach surgically removed in an effort to overcome obesity. As a result, Mary can expect to be at risk for

vitamin B12 deficiency.

What bacterium is responsible for most peptic ulcers? (Module 22.24C)

Helicobactor pylori

Define hemorrhoids.

Hemorrhoids are distended veins in the distal portion of the rectum.

Which characteristic of saliva is correct?

Parasympathetic stimulation accelerates secretion by all the salivary glands.

What is the primary function of the duodenum? (Module 22.13C)

The primary function of the duodenum is to neutralize the acidic chyme entering the small intestine.

Describe the function of the large intestine. (Module 22.5C)

Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination.

The cecum and the vermiform appendix are physically located in the

right inguinal region.

The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are called

rugae

What is the function of the lesser omentum? (Module 22.9B)

stabilizes the position of the stomach and provides a route for structures entering or leaving the liver

Damage to the parotid glands would affect the digestion of which nutrient? (Module 22.19B)

starches

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes takes place in the

stomach

What is the function of the gallbladder? (Module 22.20D)

store and concentrate bile

What is the salivary gland that secretes a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase and buffers?

submandibular

Which pair of salivary glands secretes substances that reduce oral bacteria populations? (Module 22.19D)

submandibular

A small, wormlike structure attached to the posteromedial surface of the cecum is the

appendix

An intestinal hormone that stimulates contraction of the gallbladder to release bile is

cholecystokinin

Which of the following is false about secretions from the salivary glands?

contain enzymes for the digestion of lipids

Gastrin secretion is associated with

food arriving in the stomach.

The portion of the stomach that is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus is the

fundus

Which region of the stomach is superior to the junction between the stomach and the esophagus?

fundus

Which digestive hormone is secreted when fats and carbohydrates, especially glucose, enter the small intestine?

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

An intestinal hormone that stimulates the release of insulin from the pancreatic islet cells is

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP).

G cells of the stomach secrete

gastrin

The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is

gastrin.

Which mesentery is comprised of adipose tissue and conforms to the shapes of the surrounding organs, providing padding and protection?

greater omentum

Trace a drop of bile from the hepatic ducts to the duodenal lumen. (Module 22.22B)

hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, bile duct, duodenal ampulla and papilla, duodenal lumen

If you were to palpate the small intestine at the hypogastric region of a normal, healthy patient, which portion of their small intestine would you be feeling?

ileum

The portion of the small intestine that attaches to the cecum is the

ileum

Which of the following descriptions is not related to cholecystokinin (CCK)?

increases the sensation of hunger

Tom has hepatitis, an inflammation of the liver. Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in Tom?

jaundice

The part of the digestive tract that plays the primary role in chemical digestion and nutrient absorption is the

jejunum

What organ is primarily responsible for water absorption?

large intestine

Which organ is responsible for dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials?

large intestine

The teniae coli are

longitudinal bands of smooth muscle on the outer surface of the colon.

Name the four layers of the digestive tract beginning from the lumen of the digestive tract. (Module 22.2B)

mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, serosa

At the right colic flexure, the colon becomes the

transverse colon.

Parietal cells and their secretions are not involved in

the release of bicarbonate into the stomach.

During the cephalic phase of gastric secretion,

the vagus nerve innervates the stomach.

Regions of the stomach include all of the following except

ileum

Which is incorrect regarding smooth muscle in the digestive tract?

A smooth muscle fiber has an extensive network of T tubules.

Which of the following does not describe how products of fat digestion are absorbed and transported?

Brush border enzymes break down the fats so they can be directly absorbed into the bloodstream.

Which of the following cranial nerves are not involved in stimulating salivary reflexes or taste buds?

Hypoglossal (XII)

Which is true regarding the defecation reflex?

It involves two positive feedback loops.

How would the pH of the intestinal contents be affected if the small intestine did not produce secretin? (Module 22.14B)

It would be more acidic than normal

Which liver cells are phagocytic cells that engulf pathogens, cell debris, and damaged blood cells?

Kupffer cells (stellate macrophages)

The enzyme pepsin digests

The enzyme pepsin digests

Distinguish between the exocrine and endocrine secretions of the pancreas. (Module 22.18B)

The exocrine pancreas produces buffers and enzymes and the endocrine pancreas produces hormones.

Which of the following is not true of parietal cells?

They release bicarbonate into the lumen of gastric glands.

Which is the function of parietal cells?

They secrete a glycoprotein that facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12 across the intestinal lining.

The greater omentum is

a fatty sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera.

A drug that blocks the action of carbonic anhydrase in parietal cells would result in

a higher pH in the stomach during gastric digestion.

A drug that blocks the action of the hormone cholecystokinin would not affect the

ability to absorb carbohydrates.

The movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, minerals, and water across the digestive epithelium into interstitial fluid is known as

absorption

Colon cancer is the #3 cancer killer. Whether you are a man or a woman, current guidelines urge you to have a colonoscopy screening when you reach age 50 because

all of the answers are correct, and you could die if you don't have a screening colonoscopy when you reach age 50.

Which of the following is a stimulus that initiates the gastric phase of gastric secretion?

an increase in the pH of the gastric contents

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the

bladder

The esophagus connects to which region of the stomach?

cardia

Lacteals

carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion __________.

causes a relaxation of the hepatopancreatic sphincter and contraction of the gallbladder

The sac-like structure that joins the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the

cecum

At the left colic flexure, the colon becomes the

descending colon.

The order of the small intestine segments, from proximal to distal, is

duodenum, jejunum, ileum.

Bile salts break lipids apart in a process called

emulsification

The gastric phase of gastric secretion is triggered by the

entry of food into the stomach.

Haustra are

expansible pouches of the colon.

Enteritis is:

inflammation of the intestine.

The bile duct:

is formed by the union of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct.

Why might severing the branches of the vagus nerves that supply the stomach provide relief for a person who suffers from chronic gastric ulcers (sores on the stomach lining)? (Module 22.15C)

it would block parasympathetic stimulation of gastric secretions

Which is more efficient in propelling intestinal contents along the digestive tract: peristalsis or segmentation? Why? (Module 22.4A)

peristalsis; because it involves pushing the bolus forward

The haustra of the large intestine:

permit the expansion and elongation of the colon.

All of the following are true of the intestinal phase of gastric digestion except that it

precedes the gastric phase.

Explain the significance of peritoneal fluid. (Module 22.9C)

prevent friction and irritation when digestive organs move