AP euro 16 n 17
The scientific societies of early modern Europe
Actually stress that practical benefits of science
The best statement of Laissez-fairs was made in 1776 bye
Adam Smith
Montesquieu s Persian Letters
Allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church in French monarchy
The scientific revolution of the 17th century
Although an innovative phase in western thinking was based upon the intellectual and scientific accomplishments of previous centuries
Isaac newtons scientific discoveries
Although readily excepted in his own country resisted on the continent
The greatest achievements in science during the 16th and 17th centuries came in what three areas
Astronomy mechanics in medicine
In his work Pensees, Pascal
Attempted to convince rationalist that Christianity was valid by appealing to the reason and emotion
Choose the correct relationship between the rococo artist and his work
Balthasar Neumann- pilgrimage church of Vierzehnheligen
Copernicus's heliocentric theory was
Based on the observations of several earlier astronomers and his own computations
During the 17th century royal in princely patronage of science
Became international phenomenon
A less brutal approach to Justicein the 18th century is associated with
Beccaria
Descartes
Claimed I think therefore I am
Great Britain lead the way in the 18th century in producing
Coffee houses newspapers salons
Concerning the European legal system by the end of the 18th century
Corporal in capital punishment were on the decline
For Blaise Pascal, humans
Could not understand infinity only God could
The Catholic Roman inquisition as have to Galileo for his scientific ideas with the encouragement of
Elements within the church pledged to defend ancient Aristotle ideas and catholic Orthodoxy
Francis Bacon was important to the scientific revolution for his emphasis on
Empirical experimental observation
After Galileo's contamination by the inquisition leadership and science past two
England France n the Dutch Republic
Significant elements of rationalism and Deism in what two countries lead to some ordinary protestant church goers in reaction to new and dynamic religious movements
England n Germany
The rococo architectural style of the 18th century was
Evident in the masterpieces of Balthazar Neumann
In Riusseaus the social contract he expressed his believe that
Freedom is achieved by being forced to follow what is best for all or the general will
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Gained acceptance despite disapproving the great Aristotle's conviction that the motion of planets with steady and unchanging
Among the following who is not associated with major changes in the 16th and 17th century medical research
Galen
The Greco Roman Doctor Who had the most influence on Medievil medical thought was
Galen
The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was
Galileo
Which of these ancient authorities was not relyied on by mid evil scholars
Galileo
The overall effect of the scientific revolution on the argument about woman was to
Generate facts about differences between men and women that were used to prove male dominance
The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as
Geocentric conception
Concerning the first important scientific societies, the French academy differed from the English Royal Society in the formers
Government support and control
The immediate reaction to the theories of Copernicus
Had a little immediate impact
The musical composition which has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is
Handels Messiah
European music in the later 18 century was well characterized by
Haydn and Mozart are two causes shift from the baroque to the classical
Diderots most famous contribution to the enlightenment battle against religion intolerance and crudity was
He's 28 volume encyclopedia compelling articles by many influential philosophers
Which of the following statements best applies to Denards Diderot
He's encyclopedia had considerable impact particularly after his price was greatly reduce
Signs became an Intercal part of western culture in the 18th century because
It offered a new means to make profit n maintaining social order
The first of the scientific societies appeared In what country
Italy
A major inspiration for travel literature in the 18th century were the pacific adventures of
James cook
Who said that individuals will be forced to be free
Jean Jacques ROusseau
Following up on Copernicus's heliocentric theory's
Kepler use data to derive laws of planetary motion that confirmed Copernicus's heliocentric theory but showed Orbitz were elliptical
Of great importance to the enlightenment were the salon which
Let people meet together and share ideas both men and women
A most significant result of the seven years war was
Loss of the French empire in America
Above all Montesquieus the spirit of the laws was concerned with
Maintaining balance is among the various branches of government
Role of woman in the scientific revolution is illustrated by
Margaret Cavendish, who participated in her days scientific debates and Mary Winkleman an entomologist excepted into the Berlin Academy of sciences
The most famous of the female astronomers in Germany was
Maria Winkleman
The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the enlightenment was made by
Mary Wallstonecraft
The English writer who argued in a serious proposal to the ladies that woman should become better educated was
Mary astell
According to Leonardo da Vinci what subject was key to understanding the nature of things
Mathematics
Which 18th century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera the marriage of Figaro
Mozart
The ideas of Copernicus were
Nearly as complicated as those of the Ptolemy
The key figure of the scientific revolution who would inspire the search for natural laws in other fields including society in economics was
Newton
The French philosophes most included people from
Nobility n middle class
18th century writers especially in England use this new form of literary expression to attack the Hyppa Chrissy is of that era and provide sentimental Entertainement to growing members of readers
Novel
What actions did the Catholic Church pursue concerning Galileo and his ideas
Ordered him to recant in a public trial
The recognized capital of the enlightenment was
Paris
The works of Fontenelle announce the enlightment because
Popularize a growing skepticism towards the claim of religion
For Rousseau what was the source of any quality in the chief cause of crime
Private property
Rousseau influential novel E mile deals with these key enlightenment themes
Proper child rearing and human education
Isaac newton and John Locke
Provided deep inspiration for the enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the human accusation of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society
The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often
Public and very gruesome
In Newton's principia he demonstrated through his rules of reasoning that the universe was
Regulated machine operating according to universal laws
Scholars devoted to hermeticism believed
Saul the world as a living embodiment of divinity we're humans could use math Mattix and magic to dominate nature
European intellectual life in the 18 century was marked by the emergence of
Secularization n the search to find the natural laws governing human life
Which of the following works expressed Rousseau s political idea on the general will
Social contract
William Harvey's on the motion of the heart and blood refuted the ideas of
The liver is the beginning point of circulation of blood
The origins of the scientific revolution can be traced to
The work of a very small number of great European intellectuals
Newtons universal law of gravitation proved that
Through it's mathematical proof it could explain all motion in the universe
What was the purpose of the English navigation acts
To require colonial good to be shipped to England in England ships
A key new type of enlightened writing feeling skepticism about truth of Christianity and European society was
Travel reports and comparative studies of old n new world cultures
The French Rococo painter who pretrade the aristocratic life as a refined sensual and civilized was
Antoine Watteau
The German philosopher Immanuel Kant proclaimed the motto of the Enlightmeht meant to be
Dare to know
What was the name of descatres s book that expounded his theories about the universe
Discourse on method
During the age of enlightened absolutism in Europe the leaders of Austria RRussia and Russia
Eat sought greater influence over regions in Eastern Europe particularly Poland
The scientist philosopher who provides a link between the scientist of the 17th century and the philosophers of the next was
Fontenelle
The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements
I government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports
Organize religions in the 17th century generally
Rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world
Voltaire was best known for his criticism of
Religious intolerance
The believe in natural laws underlying all areas of human life lead to
Social scientist
Gallio publish his observations of the heaven in
Starry messenger
In 18th century Europe churches both Catholic and protestant
Still played a major role in social and spiritual areas
The philosophy of Renée Descartes
Stressed the separation of mind and matter
The 18th century used anatomy and physiology to establish the
Superiority of men over women
Adam Smith economic theory advocated
That governments avoid regulation in favor of the operation of individuals initiative and market forces
Margaret Cavendish attack the belief
That humans through science for masters of nature
John Locke's philosophy contributed to the development of enlightenment ideas by arguing that a person's character was shaped by
That person environment, not by innate ideas and planted in the brain by God
Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularist because they strongly recommended
The application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects of human life
The general conception of the universe before Copernicus was that
The earth was the stationary center and heavenly spheres orbited it
Showing the disputatious nature of European scientific thinkers, Francis Bacon rejected
The ideas of Copernicus and Kepler and misunderstood Galileo
Deism was based on
The newton world machine with God as it's been a violent mechanic design of the universe in accord with rational laws
One of the Drammatic findings of Galileo's observations were
The planets were not made of some perfect substance but add natural property similer to earth
Descartes Believe that the world could be understood by
The same principles inherit in mathematical thinking
Which of the following is true of Benedict Spinoza's philosophical writings
They proposed the rationalization of universal laws that are developed by God and that humans could formulate rational explanation about the world in nature. In using reason people can find true happiness
Copernicus claimed that
Universe consisted of eight spears of the sun motion was at the center
On the fabric of the human body
Was Andreas Vesalius masterpiece on anatomical structure
Johann Sebastian Bach
Was best known for his operas
The French philosophes
We're literate intellectuals who meant to change the world by advancing reason and rationality
The Jews of 18th century Europe
We're most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities