AP euro 16 n 17

The scientific societies of early modern Europe

Actually stress that practical benefits of science

The best statement of Laissez-fairs was made in 1776 bye

Adam Smith

Montesquieu s Persian Letters

Allowed him to criticize the Catholic Church in French monarchy

The scientific revolution of the 17th century

Although an innovative phase in western thinking was based upon the intellectual and scientific accomplishments of previous centuries

Isaac newtons scientific discoveries

Although readily excepted in his own country resisted on the continent

The greatest achievements in science during the 16th and 17th centuries came in what three areas

Astronomy mechanics in medicine

In his work Pensees, Pascal

Attempted to convince rationalist that Christianity was valid by appealing to the reason and emotion

Choose the correct relationship between the rococo artist and his work

Balthasar Neumann- pilgrimage church of Vierzehnheligen

Copernicus's heliocentric theory was

Based on the observations of several earlier astronomers and his own computations

During the 17th century royal in princely patronage of science

Became international phenomenon

A less brutal approach to Justicein the 18th century is associated with

Beccaria

Descartes

Claimed I think therefore I am

Great Britain lead the way in the 18th century in producing

Coffee houses newspapers salons

Concerning the European legal system by the end of the 18th century

Corporal in capital punishment were on the decline

For Blaise Pascal, humans

Could not understand infinity only God could

The Catholic Roman inquisition as have to Galileo for his scientific ideas with the encouragement of

Elements within the church pledged to defend ancient Aristotle ideas and catholic Orthodoxy

Francis Bacon was important to the scientific revolution for his emphasis on

Empirical experimental observation

After Galileo's contamination by the inquisition leadership and science past two

England France n the Dutch Republic

Significant elements of rationalism and Deism in what two countries lead to some ordinary protestant church goers in reaction to new and dynamic religious movements

England n Germany

The rococo architectural style of the 18th century was

Evident in the masterpieces of Balthazar Neumann

In Riusseaus the social contract he expressed his believe that

Freedom is achieved by being forced to follow what is best for all or the general will

Kepler's laws of planetary motion

Gained acceptance despite disapproving the great Aristotle's conviction that the motion of planets with steady and unchanging

Among the following who is not associated with major changes in the 16th and 17th century medical research

Galen

The Greco Roman Doctor Who had the most influence on Medievil medical thought was

Galen

The first European to make systematic observations of the heavens by telescope was

Galileo

Which of these ancient authorities was not relyied on by mid evil scholars

Galileo

The overall effect of the scientific revolution on the argument about woman was to

Generate facts about differences between men and women that were used to prove male dominance

The Ptolemaic conception of the universe was also known as

Geocentric conception

Concerning the first important scientific societies, the French academy differed from the English Royal Society in the formers

Government support and control

The immediate reaction to the theories of Copernicus

Had a little immediate impact

The musical composition which has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is

Handels Messiah

European music in the later 18 century was well characterized by

Haydn and Mozart are two causes shift from the baroque to the classical

Diderots most famous contribution to the enlightenment battle against religion intolerance and crudity was

He's 28 volume encyclopedia compelling articles by many influential philosophers

Which of the following statements best applies to Denards Diderot

He's encyclopedia had considerable impact particularly after his price was greatly reduce

Signs became an Intercal part of western culture in the 18th century because

It offered a new means to make profit n maintaining social order

The first of the scientific societies appeared In what country

Italy

A major inspiration for travel literature in the 18th century were the pacific adventures of

James cook

Who said that individuals will be forced to be free

Jean Jacques ROusseau

Following up on Copernicus's heliocentric theory's

Kepler use data to derive laws of planetary motion that confirmed Copernicus's heliocentric theory but showed Orbitz were elliptical

Of great importance to the enlightenment were the salon which

Let people meet together and share ideas both men and women

A most significant result of the seven years war was

Loss of the French empire in America

Above all Montesquieus the spirit of the laws was concerned with

Maintaining balance is among the various branches of government

Role of woman in the scientific revolution is illustrated by

Margaret Cavendish, who participated in her days scientific debates and Mary Winkleman an entomologist excepted into the Berlin Academy of sciences

The most famous of the female astronomers in Germany was

Maria Winkleman

The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the enlightenment was made by

Mary Wallstonecraft

The English writer who argued in a serious proposal to the ladies that woman should become better educated was

Mary astell

According to Leonardo da Vinci what subject was key to understanding the nature of things

Mathematics

Which 18th century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera the marriage of Figaro

Mozart

The ideas of Copernicus were

Nearly as complicated as those of the Ptolemy

The key figure of the scientific revolution who would inspire the search for natural laws in other fields including society in economics was

Newton

The French philosophes most included people from

Nobility n middle class

18th century writers especially in England use this new form of literary expression to attack the Hyppa Chrissy is of that era and provide sentimental Entertainement to growing members of readers

Novel

What actions did the Catholic Church pursue concerning Galileo and his ideas

Ordered him to recant in a public trial

The recognized capital of the enlightenment was

Paris

The works of Fontenelle announce the enlightment because

Popularize a growing skepticism towards the claim of religion

For Rousseau what was the source of any quality in the chief cause of crime

Private property

Rousseau influential novel E mile deals with these key enlightenment themes

Proper child rearing and human education

Isaac newton and John Locke

Provided deep inspiration for the enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the human accusation of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society

The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often

Public and very gruesome

In Newton's principia he demonstrated through his rules of reasoning that the universe was

Regulated machine operating according to universal laws

Scholars devoted to hermeticism believed

Saul the world as a living embodiment of divinity we're humans could use math Mattix and magic to dominate nature

European intellectual life in the 18 century was marked by the emergence of

Secularization n the search to find the natural laws governing human life

Which of the following works expressed Rousseau s political idea on the general will

Social contract

William Harvey's on the motion of the heart and blood refuted the ideas of

The liver is the beginning point of circulation of blood

The origins of the scientific revolution can be traced to

The work of a very small number of great European intellectuals

Newtons universal law of gravitation proved that

Through it's mathematical proof it could explain all motion in the universe

What was the purpose of the English navigation acts

To require colonial good to be shipped to England in England ships

A key new type of enlightened writing feeling skepticism about truth of Christianity and European society was

Travel reports and comparative studies of old n new world cultures

The French Rococo painter who pretrade the aristocratic life as a refined sensual and civilized was

Antoine Watteau

The German philosopher Immanuel Kant proclaimed the motto of the Enlightmeht meant to be

Dare to know

What was the name of descatres s book that expounded his theories about the universe

Discourse on method

During the age of enlightened absolutism in Europe the leaders of Austria RRussia and Russia

Eat sought greater influence over regions in Eastern Europe particularly Poland

The scientist philosopher who provides a link between the scientist of the 17th century and the philosophers of the next was

Fontenelle

The economic theory of mercantilism would be consistent with which of the following statements

I government should seek to direct the economy so as to maximize exports

Organize religions in the 17th century generally

Rejected scientific discoveries that conflicted with the Christian view of the world

Voltaire was best known for his criticism of

Religious intolerance

The believe in natural laws underlying all areas of human life lead to

Social scientist

Gallio publish his observations of the heaven in

Starry messenger

In 18th century Europe churches both Catholic and protestant

Still played a major role in social and spiritual areas

The philosophy of Renée Descartes

Stressed the separation of mind and matter

The 18th century used anatomy and physiology to establish the

Superiority of men over women

Adam Smith economic theory advocated

That governments avoid regulation in favor of the operation of individuals initiative and market forces

Margaret Cavendish attack the belief

That humans through science for masters of nature

John Locke's philosophy contributed to the development of enlightenment ideas by arguing that a person's character was shaped by

That person environment, not by innate ideas and planted in the brain by God

Enlightened thinkers can be understood as secularist because they strongly recommended

The application of the scientific method to the analysis and understanding of all aspects of human life

The general conception of the universe before Copernicus was that

The earth was the stationary center and heavenly spheres orbited it

Showing the disputatious nature of European scientific thinkers, Francis Bacon rejected

The ideas of Copernicus and Kepler and misunderstood Galileo

Deism was based on

The newton world machine with God as it's been a violent mechanic design of the universe in accord with rational laws

One of the Drammatic findings of Galileo's observations were

The planets were not made of some perfect substance but add natural property similer to earth

Descartes Believe that the world could be understood by

The same principles inherit in mathematical thinking

Which of the following is true of Benedict Spinoza's philosophical writings

They proposed the rationalization of universal laws that are developed by God and that humans could formulate rational explanation about the world in nature. In using reason people can find true happiness

Copernicus claimed that

Universe consisted of eight spears of the sun motion was at the center

On the fabric of the human body

Was Andreas Vesalius masterpiece on anatomical structure

Johann Sebastian Bach

Was best known for his operas

The French philosophes

We're literate intellectuals who meant to change the world by advancing reason and rationality

The Jews of 18th century Europe

We're most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities