AP EURO Ch. 16
In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that
human development is determined by education and society
Galileo was placed on trial for heresy owing to publication of
Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World
Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as
Empiricism
How did the Enlightenment thinkers differ from those of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
Enlightenment thinkers believed that their era had surpassed antiquity, which demonstrated the possibility of human progress
Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that
Women were best suited to a passive role in social relations
To improve the rural economy and the lives of peasants, Empress Maria Theresa
reduced nobles' power over their serfs
Joseph II'S conversión of passant la of obligations to cash payments
Was opposed by both nobles and peasants
Who was the author of On Crimes and Punishments, a passionate plea for reform of the penal system?
Cesare Baccaria
Who wrote the influential Historical and Critical Dictionary (1697)?
Pierre Bayle
Copernicus's theory of the universe
Postulated a sun-centered view of the universe
Johannes Kepler believe that the elliptical orbit of planets
Produced a musical harmony of heavenly bodies
Rousseau's concept of the general will asserts that
The general will is not necessarily the will of the majority
What was the core concept of the Enlightenment?
The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life.
The most influential aspect of René Descartes' theories of nature was that
The universe functioned in a mechanistic fashion
What was the primary goal of Galileo Galilei's experimental method?
To discover what actually occurred in nature rather than to speculate on what should occur
How did governments respond to the new science?
They established academies of science to support and sometimes direct scientific research
The idea of the public sphere that emerged during the Enlightenment refers to
an idealized space where individuals gathered to discuss social and political issues.
Who was Denis Diderot's co-editor of the Encyclopedia?
Jean le Rond d'Alembert
Madame de Châtelet, Voltaire's longtime companion,
Believed that women's limited contributions to science was the result of unequal education
How did Issac Newton's law of universal gravity it's bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity?
It synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system
Which of the following correctly characterizes the response of various religious perspectives to Nicolaus Copernicus's hypothesis?
Protestants rejected Copernicus's idea that the earth moved, while the Catholic Church largely overlooked his theory until declaring the hypothesis false in the 17th century
Which book by the baron de Montesquieu is considered the first major work in the French Enlightenment?
The Persian Letter
According to its editor, the fundamental goal of the Encyclopedia was to
change the general way of thinking
Voltaire was a deist who viewed God as akin to a
clockmaker who set the universe in motion and then ceased to intervene in human affairs
Although perhaps best known as the longtime companion of Voltaire, Gabriel-Emilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquise du Châtelet, published
the first translation of Newton's Principia into French.
In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?
He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for
What change within the Jewish community accompanied the Haskalah Enlightenment movement?
Increased interactions with Christians occurred as rabbinic controls diminished
Soft pastels, ornate interiors, and sentimental portraits are all characteristics of the style known as
Rococo
Which country spearheaded the trend in Scientific expeditions?
Spain
The discipline of natural philosophy focused on
fundamental questions about the nature, purpose, and function of the universe.
A striking feature of the salons was that
philosophes, nobles, and members of the upper middle class intermingled.
The concept of the reading revolution refers to
the shift from reading out loud texts perceived as authoritative to reading many different texts rapidly, silently, and individually