AP Euro Industrial Revolution
A broad-based campaign to abolish slavery began in Britain after ____
1775
What major problem in the textile industry was solved by the inventions of James Hargreaves and Richard Arkwright?
A weaver required several spinners to stay steadily employed
What was the key demand of the Chartist movement?
All men must be given the right to vote
How did class-consciousness form during the Industrial Revolution?
As modern industry created conflict between industrialists and laborers, individuals came to believe that classes existed and developed a sense of class feeling
What was not an aspect of the celebration of Carnival?
Begging for forgiveness for one's sins
Who were the Luddites?
British handicraft workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery they believed were putting them out of work
Which law outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain?
Combination Acts of 1799
In early modern Europe, which most directly undermined the guild system?
Entrepreneurial expansion of manufacturing into the countryside
In 1850, in what occupational area did the largest number of British people work?
Farming and agriculture
Why do many historians now believe that the continued concentration by the French on artisan production of luxury items made sense in an era of industrialization?
France had long dominated that sector of production; it allowed France to capitalize on it's know-how and international reputation
Why were cottage workers, accustomed to the putting-out-system, reluctant to work in the new factories even when they received good wages?
In a factory, workers had to keep up with the machine and follow it's relentless tempo
How did the origins of industrialists change as the Industrial Rev. progressed?
It became harder to form new firms, and instead industrialists were increasingly likely to inherit their wealth
What was an effect of the Factory Act of 1833?
It limited the work of children and thereby broke the pattern of families working together in factories
What was the function of the Crystal Palace?
It was the location of the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London
How did railroads affect the nature of production?
Markets became broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines
The first European state to mandate compulsory elementary education was _______
Prussia
Why were the young, generally unmarried women who worked for wages outside the home confined to certain "women's jobs"?
The sexual division of labor replicated a long-standing pattern of gender segregation and inequality
How did iron become the basic building block of the British economy in the 19th century?
The spread of coke smelting and the development of steam-powered rolling mills increased production enormously and reduced the price of iron products
What was the most important assumption underlying the economic philosophy of mercantilism?
The wealth of nations was limited and needed to be carefully preserved
As the business world grew increasingly complex, what did the wives and daughters of successful businessmen discover in 18th century Europe?
There were few job opportunities for women, as most businessmen assumed that middle-class wives and daughters should avoid work in offices and factories
How did older members of the population seek to control the sexuality of working-class youths?
They supported the establishment of sex-segregated employment
The leadership of the Dutch people in farming can be attributed primarily to _____
a large urbanized population
According to mercantilism, colonies should be ____
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
In the 19th century, Friedrich List believed that industrial development should be pursued ______
as a part of a project of economic nationalism led by the state
The reformer Robert Owens sought to _____
create a single large national union for British workers
Most girls who sought work outside their families found jobs as ____
domestic servants
In the 18th century, railroad construction on the European continent _____
featured varying degrees of government involvement
In the Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels states that ____
in general, the living conditions of the working class were "slowly improving"
Many surgeons gained anatomical knowledge and practical experience _______
on the many battlefields of Europe
Lady Mary Wortley Montague is famous for ____
spreading the practice of smallpox inoculation in England
By the 1770s, the bulk of British foreign trade was with ____
the British colonial empire
The underlying cause of the "illegitimacy explosion" of 1750-1850 was ____
the growth of cottage industry and peasant migration to the cities
On the eve of the American Revolution, the average standard of living in the British colonies was ____
the highest in the world
According to Adam Smith, the duties of government didn't include ____
the pursuit of policies favorable to large-scale manufacturing and commerce
According to Adam Smith, harmony and progress would result from _____
the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market
In 19th century Germany, Fritz Harkort sought _____
to match English achievements in machine production as quickly as possible, even at great, unprofitable expense
Madame du Coudray's major accomplishment was ____
training tens of thousands of midwives
