AP Euro Industrial Revolution

A broad-based campaign to abolish slavery began in Britain after ____

1775

What major problem in the textile industry was solved by the inventions of James Hargreaves and Richard Arkwright?

A weaver required several spinners to stay steadily employed

What was the key demand of the Chartist movement?

All men must be given the right to vote

How did class-consciousness form during the Industrial Revolution?

As modern industry created conflict between industrialists and laborers, individuals came to believe that classes existed and developed a sense of class feeling

What was not an aspect of the celebration of Carnival?

Begging for forgiveness for one's sins

Who were the Luddites?

British handicraft workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery they believed were putting them out of work

Which law outlawed labor unions and strikes in Britain?

Combination Acts of 1799

In early modern Europe, which most directly undermined the guild system?

Entrepreneurial expansion of manufacturing into the countryside

In 1850, in what occupational area did the largest number of British people work?

Farming and agriculture

Why do many historians now believe that the continued concentration by the French on artisan production of luxury items made sense in an era of industrialization?

France had long dominated that sector of production; it allowed France to capitalize on it's know-how and international reputation

Why were cottage workers, accustomed to the putting-out-system, reluctant to work in the new factories even when they received good wages?

In a factory, workers had to keep up with the machine and follow it's relentless tempo

How did the origins of industrialists change as the Industrial Rev. progressed?

It became harder to form new firms, and instead industrialists were increasingly likely to inherit their wealth

What was an effect of the Factory Act of 1833?

It limited the work of children and thereby broke the pattern of families working together in factories

What was the function of the Crystal Palace?

It was the location of the Great Exhibition in 1851 in London

How did railroads affect the nature of production?

Markets became broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines

The first European state to mandate compulsory elementary education was _______

Prussia

Why were the young, generally unmarried women who worked for wages outside the home confined to certain "women's jobs"?

The sexual division of labor replicated a long-standing pattern of gender segregation and inequality

How did iron become the basic building block of the British economy in the 19th century?

The spread of coke smelting and the development of steam-powered rolling mills increased production enormously and reduced the price of iron products

What was the most important assumption underlying the economic philosophy of mercantilism?

The wealth of nations was limited and needed to be carefully preserved

As the business world grew increasingly complex, what did the wives and daughters of successful businessmen discover in 18th century Europe?

There were few job opportunities for women, as most businessmen assumed that middle-class wives and daughters should avoid work in offices and factories

How did older members of the population seek to control the sexuality of working-class youths?

They supported the establishment of sex-segregated employment

The leadership of the Dutch people in farming can be attributed primarily to _____

a large urbanized population

According to mercantilism, colonies should be ____

acquired as markets and sources of raw materials

In the 19th century, Friedrich List believed that industrial development should be pursued ______

as a part of a project of economic nationalism led by the state

The reformer Robert Owens sought to _____

create a single large national union for British workers

Most girls who sought work outside their families found jobs as ____

domestic servants

In the 18th century, railroad construction on the European continent _____

featured varying degrees of government involvement

In the Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels states that ____

in general, the living conditions of the working class were "slowly improving"

Many surgeons gained anatomical knowledge and practical experience _______

on the many battlefields of Europe

Lady Mary Wortley Montague is famous for ____

spreading the practice of smallpox inoculation in England

By the 1770s, the bulk of British foreign trade was with ____

the British colonial empire

The underlying cause of the "illegitimacy explosion" of 1750-1850 was ____

the growth of cottage industry and peasant migration to the cities

On the eve of the American Revolution, the average standard of living in the British colonies was ____

the highest in the world

According to Adam Smith, the duties of government didn't include ____

the pursuit of policies favorable to large-scale manufacturing and commerce

According to Adam Smith, harmony and progress would result from _____

the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market

In 19th century Germany, Fritz Harkort sought _____

to match English achievements in machine production as quickly as possible, even at great, unprofitable expense

Madame du Coudray's major accomplishment was ____

training tens of thousands of midwives