Ap Gov Final
which of the following are differences between the legislative process in the HOR and that in the Senate
- debate in the HOR is more restricted than that of the state - The amendment process is more restricted in the house than in the Senate - The rules committee sets the guidelines for floor debate in the house but not in the Senate
which of the following scenarios is an example of the trustee model of representation?
A member of Congress votes to close a popular tax loophole based on the belief that the money would be better spent paying down the national debt
which of the following scenarios would most likely be considered a violation of the fourth amendment?
A suspect's cell phone is analyzed by police before a warrant is issued
based on previous court rulings the supreme court is most likely to view a case concerning which of the following as a right to privacy case?
A woman who is prevented from an abortion
in which case to the Supreme Court rule that "the doctrine of separate but equal" has no place in the constitution?
Brown v Board of Education
which of the following is the most likely consequence of divided government
Delays in confirmation of federal court nominees
the HOR and senate have different constitutional responsibilities
HOR initiates revenue bills, senate ratifies treaties
which of the following is an accurate description of the two chambers of congress?
HOR serves two year terms, senate serves six year terms
which of the following is an example of congressional oversight?
Holding hearings for review of an executive agency's activities
to which of the following congressional committees would a proposal to reform the national income tax system initially be sent?
House Ways and Means Committee
The Constitution states that all revenue bills must originate in
House of Representatives
The concept of judicial review was solidified by which Supreme Court decision?
Marbury V Madison
The facts of which of the following cases are most related to the political cartoon?
New York Times co. v United States
the tenth amendment to the constitution has been interpreted by the supreme court to
Reserve powers to the states
supporters of Hamilton's view that a Bill of Rights could be dangerous to liberty could point to which of the following cases?
Schneck v the United States
of the following, which is the most powerful figure in congress?
Speaker of the House
which of the Following attributes of the political cartoon would best represent the governments use of prior restraint
The fallen pillars
Women achieve suffrage as a result of
The passage of the 19th amendment
members of congress Who have adopted the delegate role of representation normally cast their votes based on which of the following
The preferences of the majority of their constituents
which of the following represents a reason that a president might use a signing statement to express displeasure with the bill as opposed to issuing a veto
The president may have objections to provisions of the bill but does not want to risk congress overriding a veto
which of the following is contained in the 14th amendment and was most likely an inspiration for MLK's "letter from the Birmingham jail"?
The principle that all people should be equal under the law, as embodied in the equal protection clause
Gideon v Wainwright Incorporated which constitutional provision at the state level?
The sixth amendments right to counsel
which of the following is most likely responsible for the increase in the number of southern African American state legislators between 1960 and 1992 as shown in the graph?
The voting rights act
which of the following cases decided whether a state could compel children to attend school beyond eighth grade even if it violated the students sincerely held religious beliefs?
Wisconsin v Yoder
the great compromise provided for
a bicameral legislature with one house's composition based upon state population and another on equal representation
If legislation passes in both House of Rep. and Senate but each version is slightly different, the conflicting bills are sent to
a conference committee for review and compromise
the decision in us v. lopez (1995) reflected new ideas about federalism at the time that can be best characterized by which of the following?
a delegation of power from the federal government to state governments, increasing state and local sovereignty
According to James Madison, which of the following best controls the effects of faction?
a large republic
a committee chair in the HOR is always
a member of the majority party in the chamber
_________ is an example of de facto segregation; _______ is an example of de jure segregation
a predominantly black high school in the year 2018; southern society after Plessy v. Ferguson
based on the previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment?
a public school system uses race based segregation
in federalist 70, hamilton argues in favor of the need for
a single executive who can respond quickly to crises
what benefits does a strong presidency provide to a representative democracy?
a strong presidency provided unity, stability, and protection
the primary function of the white house staff is to
advise the president
which of the following statements is true regarding congressional terms?
all representatives are up for re-election every two years and one third of senators are up for re-election every two years
The ruling in Plessy V Ferguson
allowed states to pass laws that created segregated facilities
The Supreme Court's decision in Roe v. Wade was based on
an implied right to privacy in the Bill of Rights
The right to assemble would protect each of the following except
anti-abortion supporters blocking access doors to an abortion clinic
which of the following is true of the relationship between congress and executive agencies?
because the agencies have bureaucratic expertise, congress delegates "rule making authority" to them
the argument made in the brown v board of education case was that black were
being denied equal protection of the laws as was required by the 14th amendment
brutus was an example of an anti federalist because he...
believed a centralized government posed a major threat to individual rights
federalist
believed a large republic ensured the best protection of individual freedoms
anti federalist
believed only a small republic could best ensure the protection of individual freedoms
Virginia Plan
bicameral legislature with representation based on population for both houses
which of the following forms of financial aid from the national government gives the states the broadest discretion in the spending of money?
block grants
which of the following is true according to the diagram?
both chambers make use of a system of majority and minority whips
the us fish and wildlife service will spend money appropriated by congress to maintain wildlife refuges. this action is an example of
bureaucratic implementation of law
in federalist 10, james madison argued that the new constitution would help control factions by doing which of the following?
by creating a large republic, the new constitution made it less likely that a faction could gain enough power to completely dominate
the process known as selective incorporation can be described as a
case by case inclusion of individuals rights at the state level
the free exercise clause protects:
citizens openly practicing their religion and attending their chosen "house of worship"
which of the following statements best describes the difference between civil liberties and civil rights?
civil liberties are the constitutional protections against the federal government listed in the bill of rights; civil rights are protections that have been extended to various groups
in the Supreme Court decision Schneck v United States, it was stated that the government can limit speech is such speech brings a
clear and present danger
what is likely the effect of the court ruling in the Bakke case?
colleges can consider race but cannot use strict racial quotas in admission practices
enhances federal power
commerce clause
which of the following scenarios best illustrates delegated discretionary authority?
congress giving the EPA the power to establish national pollution standards
congress is most likely to exert oversight of the executive bureaucracy in which of the following ways?
controlling an executive agency's annual budget
which of the following best reflects the holding in the case baker v carr (1962)?
created a one person, one vote standard for reviewing congressional districts
a "cloture motion" passed in the senate does which of the following?
cuts off debate on a bill
Since the 1970's, Presidents have made use of executive orders at an increasing rate because executive orders
do not need to be passed by Congress
which of the following principles protects a citizen from imprisonment without a trail?
due process
the passage of the 24th amendment
eliminated poll taxes
which of the following accurately characterizes the main difference between elite theories and pluralists theories of politics in the us?
elite theories argue that a single group dominated politics in all policy areas; pluralist theories argue that many groups compete for power in different policy areas
the legislative process at the national level reflects the intent of the dreamers of the constitution to create a legislature that would...
ensure that all groups be equally represented
The term bicameralism refers to
establishment of two legislative chambers that have different structures and rules
The exclusionary rule was incorporated at the state level due to the Mapp v Ohio decision. The exclusionary rule states that
evidence obtained via constitutional means must be excluded from court proceedings
a member of the HOR has introduced a bill to raise the minimum wage, but it has been in committee for 36 days and is unlikely to make it to the floor. which of the following is the best course of action for the representative to take to get a vote on the bill?
filing for a discharge petition
which of the following accurately compares the formal and informal powers of the president?
formal power: acting as commander in chief of the military; informal power: singing executive agreements with foreign nations
the __________ amendment to the U.S. Constitution was delegated to grant equal rights for black americans
fourteenth
In contrast to revenue sharing, categorical grants in aid provide state and local governments with
funds to administer programs clearly specified by the federal government
establishing the boundaries of US congressional districts to give one party an advantage over another party is referred to as
gerrymandering
which of the following choices accurately represents the differences between government corporations and independent executive agencies?
government corporations fulfill a function that the private sector may not be able to take care of, independent executive agencies operate generally outside of the political realm and appointments are nonpartisan
bureaucratic rule making is best defined as
guidelines issued by government agencies, which provide specific details about how a policy will be implemented
pork barrel legislation helps the re-election chances of a member of congress because such legislation
helps earn the member of congress a reputation for service in his/her district
The supreme court decisions in district of Columbia V Heller and McDonald V Chicago
incorporated the second amendment right to own firearms
symbolic speech
is an action that conveys a message
All of the following powers are granted to the President by the Constitution EXCEPT
issuing executive orders
which of the following statements best explains the motivation behind the way the congressional district is drawn?
it has likely been drawn to pack together voters who are registered with the same party
in engle v Vitale 1962, which of the following provides legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?
it ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a non-denominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation
the voting rights act of 1965 has which of the following effects?
it was a major means to increase the number of minority voters and minority office holders
which of the following is a consequence of the way the district is drawn on the map?
it will likely lead to a less competitive general election. which could lead to increased partisanship
the message behind federalist 78 ties into which of the following views on federal courts?
judicial independence
those who believe that the supreme court in its rulings should defer to the elective institutions of government are advocating
judicial restraint
the judicial branch can check and balance the power of the legislative branch by
judicial review
the concept of judicial independence ensures that
justices are free from direct political pressure
which statements best summarize the correct understanding of civil rights?
laws can make distinctions, but not all distinctions are acceptable
The clearest description of libel and slander is
libel refers to defamatory written statements; slander refers to defamatory spoken statements
what does federalist 78 say about qualifications for supreme court justices?
life tenure frees judges from political pressure
appointments to the federal judiciary are often contentious for which of the following reasons?
life terms for federal judges mean that presidential appointees will continue to have influence long after the presidents term is over
The practice in Congress in which representative a promises to vote for representatives B legislation and vice versa is referred to as
logrolling
the concept of judicial review was solidifies by
marbury v. madison
HOR
members are elected by constituents in a local district based on population
Senate
members are elected by the constituents of an entire state
Executive agreements have been cited as evidence that
modern presidents often try to avoid legislative checks and balances on their authority
which of the following ideals of democracy would the attorneys for the same sex couple most likely put forth as their argument?
natural rights of life and liberty include the right to marry who you choose
a new president has been elected and has a number of positions to fill within the federal bureaucracy. which of the following is an example of filling a position based on political patronage?
nominating a high level campaign fund raiser to serve an ambassador to new Zealand
one of the key components of the 5th amendment is its protection of citizens from self incrimination. "protection from self incrimination" refers to a person
not having to say anything that might make him look guilty
Congressional legislative powers include all of the following EXCEPT
pardoning felons
which of the following statements best reflects james madison's beliefs about political representation as expressed in the passage
people are best represented by a few politicians chosen to voice their issues
congressional standing committees are best described as
permanent subject-matter committees
the theory that all interests are free to compete for influence in government, resulting in healthy democratic compromise and balanced, is called
pluralism
If Congress adjourns during the ten days the president has to consider a bill passed by both houses of Congress, but which the president has not yet signed, what is the result?
pocket veto
which of the following actions were meant to limit the voting of black Americans?
poll taxes, white primaries, and literacy test
in order to search a person, ones home, or their belongings, an agent of the government must have
probably cause
which of the following is an accurate comparison of rights protected and not protected by the first amendment?
protected: the right to burn a flag; not protected: obscenity
which of the following was the ruling in shaw v reno (1993)?
racial gerrymandering violates the fourteenth amendment
which of the following may the president do to limit the supreme courts power?
refuse to enforce a ruling by the court
a policy that sets emission standards for automobiles is an example of
regulatory process
The civil rights act of 1964 did all the following except
require that all white owned businesses hire a workforce that was made up of at least 20% minority workers
the constitutional powers that are given exclusively to the government are
reserved powers
which of the following committees in the HOR sets conditions for debate and amendments on most legislation?
rules
a(n) ____________ is written authorization from a court specifying the area to be searched and what the police are searching for
search warrant
which government principle is at risk when an agency such as the USDA makes rules, enforces those rules, and makes decisions that arise related to disputes concerning those rules?
separation of powers
most of the work of legislating in congress takes place in
standing committees
in the US judicial system, when a judge decides a case based on decisions rendered in similar cases in the past, the judge is following the principle of
stare decisis
the "full faith and credit clause" of the us constitution refers to the obligation of
states to honor actions, records, and court proceedings from the other states
enhances state power
tenth amendment
a judicial activist is a judge who believes
that courts should create policy through decisions
of the following, which had been used the most to expand the power of the national government?
the commerce clause of the constitution
viewing the structure of federalism as "dual federalism" states that
the federal government and the state governments operate independently of one another with each handling its own issues separately
which of the following is an accurate description of the decision in mcculloch v Maryland (1819)?
the federal government had the authority to establish a national bank, and Maryland's tax was unconstitutional
which of the following best illustrates the concept of iron triangles?
the long term relationships between agencies, congressional committees, and interest groups in specific policy areas
in the 1780s, proponents of the new constitution cited shays rebellion as an example of which of the following criticisms of the national government under the articles of confederation?
the national government did not provide sufficient protection of individual rights
which of the following clauses in the constitution justifies the "implied powers doctrine"?
the necessary and proper clause
by using the phrase "creative federalism", president johnson is most likely referring to which of the following features of the American system?
the relationship between the federal and state governments evolves over time and flexible enough to permit new forms of interaction
which of the following is an example of checks and balances, as established by the constitution?
the requirement that presidential appointments to the supreme court be approved by the senate
the debate between federalists and anti federalists were primarily about which of the following issues?
the scope and power of the central government
each of the following is an example of the legislative branch balancing powers of the executive branch EXCEPT
the senate approval process of executive orders
in the federalist papers, james madison argues that political liberty is best protected by...
the separation of political power in a large republic
which of the following was made clear by the 14th amendment
the states could not deny its citizens equal protection of the laws
which of the following features of the us constitution would most concern the author of brutus 1?
the supremacy clause, which gives the federal government supremacy over states
which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a case being decided based on precedent?
the supreme court bases it's decision in a case involving the commerce clause on one of its either decisions involving the commerce clause
the application of the death penalty has been limited in recent decades and cannot be applied to minors and people who are found to be mentally incompetent. which of the following is a reason for this?
the supreme court changed is interpretation of what constitutes cruel and unusual punishment under the eighth amendment
all of the following statements reflect positions the Supreme Court has taken with regard to the right of free speech except
there are no acceptable governmental restrictions on free speech
a major difference between the house and senate is that
there is unlimited debate in the Senate but not in the House
which of the following is true of independent regulatory commissions
they are less subject to control of the president than at cabinet departments
concurrent powers have which of the following effects on the us political system?
they make it possible for the states and the national government to simultaneously exercise influence in the same areas of public policy
new jersey plan
unicameral legislature with equal representation for all states
president roosevelt took his case directly to the american people to gain public support... this type of presidential communication is an example of which of the following?
using the bully pulpit
Which of the following actions by public school students would most likely be protected symbolic speech based on the preceding established by tinker v des moines independent community school district 1969?
wearing T-shirts objecting to a school board decision
in which of the following situations with the Supreme Court be most likely to utilize the doctrine of selective incorporation?
when an individual claims that a right protected by the Bill of Rights is infringed upon by a state
grandfather clauses were effective at preventing African-Americans from voting because
with the exception of some free black people the grandfathers of African-Americans had been slaves