AP History AP World Trade, Migration, and the Environment Quiz

The following question(s) refer to the passage below. "Between the eighth and tenth centuries Arabs brought back from India a variety of crops that they then began cultivating in the Middle East. These included staple crops such as hard wheat, rice, sugarcane, and new varieties of sorghum; fruits such as banana, sour orange, lemon, lime, mango, watermelon, and the coconut palm; vegetables such as spinach, artichoke, and eggplant; and the key industrial crop, cotton. From Iraq, many of these crops then spread westward all the way to Muslim Spain, which was transformed into a veritable garden under Muslim rule. Other crops passed by ship from southern Arabia to East Africa, while still others moved by caravan from northwest Africa across the Sahara to tropical West Africa. This was especially true for cotton, whose diffusion in Africa directly paralleled the spread of Islam itself." Richard Eaton, United States historian of South Asia, Islamic History as Global History, 1990. The spread of cotton as described by Eaton in the passage most directly contributed to which of the following economic developments in the period 600-1450 C.E.?

Increased demand for and production of textiles in India, Persia, and the Middle East

Trade spurred the introduction of both Islam and Hinduism to what is now called

Indonesia

Which of the following best explains why trade along the trans-Saharan trade networks increased in the period 1200-1450 ?

Innovations in previously existing transportation technologies, such as the caravan, allowed merchants to carry larger loads and protect themselves.

A significant example of the interaction among Indian, Arab, and European societies by 1200 C.E. was the transfer of knowledge of

numerals and the decimal system

In the fourteenth century, merchants from China, Arabia, Persia, and Egypt were drawn to Calicut, India, primarily to purchase

pepper

The photograph above shows a fourteenth century C.E. mosque in the city of Xi'an, central China. This image most clearly supports which of the following conclusions about the spread of Islam?

Early Muslim communities in China adopted local architectural styles for their religious buildings.

Between 200 B.C.E. and 1450 C.E., the Silk Roads linked which of the following?

East Asia and the Mediterranean Sea

The lines on the map above illustrate which of the following?

Extent of trade routes

The following question(s) refer to the passage below. "Between the eighth and tenth centuries Arabs brought back from India a variety of crops that they then began cultivating in the Middle East. These included staple crops such as hard wheat, rice, sugarcane, and new varieties of sorghum; fruits such as banana, sour orange, lemon, lime, mango, watermelon, and the coconut palm; vegetables such as spinach, artichoke, and eggplant; and the key industrial crop, cotton. From Iraq, many of these crops then spread westward all the way to Muslim Spain, which was transformed into a veritable garden under Muslim rule. Other crops passed by ship from southern Arabia to East Africa, while still others moved by caravan from northwest Africa across the Sahara to tropical West Africa. This was especially true for cotton, whose diffusion in Africa directly paralleled the spread of Islam itself." Richard Eaton, United States historian of South Asia, Islamic History as Global History, 1990. The passage can most directly be used to illustrate which of the following aspects of the environmental history of the period 600-1450 C.E.?

Greater cross-regional connectedness and the revival of long-distance trade routes led to diffusion of agricultural techniques and crops.

Based on the maps and your knowledge of world history, which of the following best describes the effect of the spread of Islam on Indian Ocean trade?

It led to the expansion and intensification of commerce along already existing trade routes.

Which of the following accurately describes the Mongol Empire's role in facilitating trans-Eurasian trade?

It reestablished the Silk Roads between East Asia and Europe.

The map above indicates that

Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade

Which of the following characterized the trans-Saharan trade by 1250 C.E.?

Muslim merchants dominated the trade.

Which of the following factors contributed the most to Omani traders' ability to undertake the voyages depicted on the maps?

Navigational and maritime innovations, such as the astrolabe and lateen sail

The photograph above of a mosque (first erected in the fourteenth century) in the modern-day West African country of Mali best exemplifies which of the following historical processes?

Spread of religion along trade routes

Before 1450 C.E. which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy?

Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe.

Which of the following languages came into existence after 1000 as the direct result of expanding global trade patterns?

Swahili

Which of the following best describes Middle Eastern trade in the period 1000 to 1450 ?

The area was engaged in regular trade with China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa.

Which of the following factors helps explain the rise of urban centers and the increase in trade in Afro-Eurasia during the second half of the thirteenth century?

The availability of safe and reliable transport along land-based trade routes

Malian Emperor Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 can best be understood in the context of which of the following?

The expansion of Islam throughout Afro-Eurasia

"A strongly held misconception about the Sahara, both in popular culture and in academia, is that this desert constitutes both a physical barrier and a fundamental cultural divide between northern Africa—a constituent part of the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern historical realms—and 'sub-Saharan' Africa, a world apart. . . . [I argue] that the Sahara has far more often served as a link than as a barrier. . . . Prior to the end of the 16th century c.e., [the Sahara] was essential to world trade as it afforded nearly continuous communication between China, the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, Russia, the Mediterranean and West Africa. Trade, travel and communications between these world regions was assured by a system of caravans. . . . The 12th through the 16th centuries mark the 'golden age' of this trade. Demand for West African gold was at its height as the economies of the Mediterranean Sea, the Middle East, Central Asia, the Indian Ocean and Ming China expanded. . . . [In addition], the rise of the Malian and then the Songhay empires [made] the trade routes and trading cities of the African continent relatively secure, and therefore prosperous." Eric Ross, Canadian historian, article included in a book, published in 2011 Which of the following best explains a development in the trans-Saharan trade networks in the period 1200-1450 ?

The geographic range of the networks increased because of improved commercial practices.

"I, Edward, by the grace of God king of England, sent this decree to the sheriff of Kent (a region in southeastern England). A great portion of the people of our realm have recently died. Those who survive see that masters need servants, which are scarce, and the servants will not serve unless they receive excessive wages. After consulting with the nobles and clergy, we have decided that every man and woman of our realm of England shall be required to serve his or her lord at the wages that were provided in the year 1346. Merchants, those who belong to craft guilds, and those who own their land are exempt from this rule. The lords are entitled to keep their serfs. If any such serf, man or woman, who is required to serve their lord will not do so, they shall be immediately committed to jail." King Edward III of England, the Statute of Laborers, parliamentary decree, 1351 Based on the passage, the Statute of Laborers was most likely a direct response to which of the following?

The impact of the bubonic plague epidemic on England's economy

The particular routes and timings of the voyages depicted on the maps best reflect which of the following characteristics of Omani merchants?

Their advanced knowledge of Indian Ocean currents and monsoon wind patterns

In the period 600 C.E. to 1450 C.E., merchant diaspora communities, such as those of Muslims in India, Chinese in Southeast Asia, and Jews in the Mediterranean, had which of the following in common?

They generally introduced their own cultural practices into the local cultures.

The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade?

Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China.

The map above shows what significant economic developments?

Trading networks that promoted the growth of new cities from 600 C.E. through 1450 C.E.