AP HuG DYRT 32
full electric
Has no gas engine, when the battery is discharged, the vehicle will not run until the battery can be recharged by plugging it into an outlet
permits
In Singapore, a motorist must buy a license and demonstrate ownership of a parking space in order to drive downtown during the busiest times of day
hydrogen fuel cell
a cell that generates electricity from a controlled reaction between hydrogen and oxygen; fuel cells are now used in small vehicles such as forklifts
congestion charges
a charge imposed on vehicles entering a central urban zone to reduce its traffic congestion and level of air pollution; In London, motorists must pay up to $18 to drive into the central area from 7 am to 6 pm
hybrid
a gasoline engine powers the vehicle at high speeds, and at low speeds, when the gas engine is at its least efficient, an electric motor takes over; energy that would otherwise be wasted in coasting and braking is also captured
underclass
a group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic hardships.
redlining
a process by which financial institutions draw red-colored lines on a map and refuse to lend money for people to purchase or improve property within the lines
diesel
burn fuel more efficiently with greater compression and at a higher temperature than conventional gas engines; biodiesel fuel mixes petroleum diesel with biodiesel, which is produced from vegetable oils or recycled restaurant grease
bans
cars are just simply banned from portions of the central areas of a number of European cities
Demand to use congested roads is being reduced in a number of ways
congestion charges, tolls, permits, bans
sustainable development
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
alternative fuel technologies
diesel, hybrid, ethanol, full electric, plug-in hybrid, hydrogen fuel cell
plug-in hybrid
electric motor that can be recharged, can travel up to 40 miles on 1 overnight charge
ethanol
ethanol is controversial because it uses a lot more fossil fuels in order for one of its materials, corn, to grow
scale, space, and connections
explain why different cities are interrelated
place and region
explain why every city is unique
public housing
government-owned housing rented to low-income individuals, with rents set at 30 percent of the tenant's income in the USA
underclass groups are trapped in hardships such as:
inadequate job skills, culture of poverty, homelessness, drugs, crime, inadequate services, and municipal finances
carbon capture and storage (CCS)
involves capturing waste CO2, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not enter the atmosphere, normally underground
public housing in other countries
local governments or nonprofit organization such as charitable groups build and own the housing, aided by subsidies from the national government
tolls
motorists are charged higher tolls to drive on the freeways during congested times rather than other times; this happens in many Canadian cities
inner-city neighborhoods are attractive for
single people and couples without children -houses may be larger -houses may have attractive architecture and detailing -eliminates strain of commuting on crowded freeways -neighborhoods may be near entertainment
inner city
the older, central part of a city with crowded neighborhoods in which low-income, usually minority groups, live
filtering
the process of change in the use of a house, from single-family owner-occupancy to rented apartments and ultimately to abandonment
gentrification
the process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area