ap lang multiple choice

17. By comparing people who disagree with tax policy to "Puritans" in lines 42-46 ("I'll tell...good time"), the writer implies his opponents are

(C) excessively rigid

13. Which of the following best describes the effect of the writer's use of personification in the sentence, "Inflation, that thief, is down" (lines 27-28)?

(A) It portrays inflation as something he can't control.

22. The repetition in lines 76-78 ("We are...on Earth") serves to

(A) emphasize America's international standing

7. In the seventh paragraph (lines 60-72), the writer includes the metaphor "cloud-castles" for which of the following purposes?

(B) To emphasize the unrealistic notions that the dreamers of the American Revolution had

41. The writer wants to revise the underlined text in sentence 5 (reproduced below) to more effectively emphasize the main argument. Motivation is the key when considering the pros of a gap year. Which change best achieves this goal?

(D) efficacy

15. Which of the following best expresses the function of the third paragraph (lines 25-41)?

(E) It discusses a topic inverse to the paragraphs that come before it.

16. The primary purpose of the use of lines 33-35 ("And now....your country") is to

(E) allude to President Kennedy's famous words

9. In the last half of the second sentence of the seventh paragraph (lines 65-66), the writer describes Carlyle as a "Scots peasant, man of dreams in the hard, practical world" primarily to

(E) characterize him as being firmly rooted in real life with an expert opinion worth listening to

8. The writer refers to the "Endymions, Alastors and Werthers" of the world (line 64) to provide which of the following effects?

(A) The reference proves the uselessness of quixotic individuals.

4. In the sixth paragraph, last sentence, the writer states "The world...the good," (lines 56-59) to support which of the following claims?

(C) In order to obtain happiness, you must act with optimism.

18. In the fifth paragraph, the writer uses "big guy" and "little guy" (lines 50-51) in order to

(C) convey a sense of simplicity to an otherwise complex dynamic

40. In sentence 4 (reproduced below), which version of the underlined text best clarifies the writer's purpose? The concept is gaining popularity and can be beneficial for students if implemented correctly.

(A) (as it is now)

32. The writer intends for the text to be read by students in an introductory music class. Which sentence, when added after sentence 1, would most effectively aid a student's understanding?

(A) Jazz is a form of modern American music that was created by African American musicians and is characterized by unique rhythms and improvisation.

2. The writer draws a parallel between herself and sinners in lines 12-15 ("As sinners...of life") in order to

(A) appeal to readers' experiences with rebounding from adversity

20. When the writer says, "But I ask...will help" (lines 57-60), he is using which of the following approaches to persuade his audience?

(B) Emotion and personal character

39. In sentence 1 (reproduced below), the writer is considering deleting the underlined text. Gabriela Sosa sits with a group of elementary aged students under the shade of a banana tree in rural Honduras. Should the writer keep or delete the underlined text?

(A) Keep it because it establishes context and provides a description that clarifies the purpose of a gap year.

33. In sentence 2 (reproduced below), the writer is considering deleting the underlined text. Ragtime, blues, marches, string orchestras, and brass bands collided in a kaleidoscope of syncopated rhythm and complex harmony. Should the writer keep or delete the underlined text?

(A) Keep it because it provides a description of the diverse "cultural and social fabric" that enabled the creation of jazz.

45. In the fourth paragraph (sentences 12-13), the writer wants to expand on the claim that a gap year is not for every student. Which of the following pieces of evidence would best achieve this goal?

(A) Some students note that it can be difficult to return to school and find that your peers have moved on in their educational pursuits, while you are a year behind.

12. In the first paragraph, what is the relationship between lines 1-7 ("Two years...to do") and lines 9-14 ("We will...cruise missiles")?

(A) The first four sentences provide an overview of changes taking place, and the last three sentences elaborate on those changes.

31. Which of the following sentences could the writer add before sentence 1 to most provide the most effective introduction to the passage?

(A) While the history of musical expression is often debated, most historians and musicians agree that New Orleans is the birthplace of American jazz music.

19. The writer includes the statement "I know...partisan terms" (lines 55-57) primarily in order to

(A) persuade people that his intentions are for the good of the American people

21. The primary purpose of the statement "But I... of improvement" (lines 62-65) is to relate to the audience by expressing a commonly held idea that

(A) some politicians complain about the problems they create

28. The writer wants to add the following sentence to the third paragraph (sentences 11-14) to provide a piece of evidence. One New Hampshire-based waste management company saw its recycling costs increase from $6.00 per ton to over $100.00 per ton in a matter of months. Where would the sentence best be placed?

(B) After sentence 11

30. Which of the following sentences, if placed after sentence 17, would provide the most effective conclusion to the main argument of the passage?

(B) As doors continue to close on recycling, both in collection and processing, waste disposal companies must consider more effective solutions to the problem of trash.

43. The writer wants to add a word or phrase at the beginning of sentence 11 (reproduced below), adjusting the capitalization as needed, to more effectively connect the ideas in sentence 11 to sentence 10. A gap year provides the opportunity for students to explore career options and ultimately find a degree program that meets their career goals. Which of the following words or phrases best accomplishes this goal?

(B) Instead,

1. In lines 8-12 ("If I... worth hearing"), the writer uses an em-dash in order to

(B) make a generalization based on the preceding clauses

44. The writer wants to make a comparison in the third paragraph (sentences 9-11) to aid the reader's understanding of the main argument. Which comparison would most effectively achieve this goal?

(C) Like the protagonist in a coming-of-age novel, students emerge from a gap year with new insight into life and self.

25. In sentence 10 (reproduced below), which version of the underlined text best maintains the writer's tone? If an unrinsed milk carton gets pitched into the same container as cardboard boxes, the boxes could become contaminated by the milk residue, giving both the milk carton and the boxes a oneway ticket to the garbage dump.

(C) causing both the milk carton and the boxes to be disposed of as waste

3. In the first four sentences of the second paragraph (lines 18-21), the primary reason the writer's sentence structure is effective is because it

(E) emphasizes the contrast between the writer's past and present

36. The writer wants to add the following sentence to paragraph 4 (sentences 6-9) to more effectively explain the relationship between jazz form and New Orleans. Jazz, in its purest form, is ungovernable by the rules of traditional music, focusing on improvisation and syncopation rather than structured notes and beats. Where would the sentence be most effective?

(D) After sentence 8

14. The speaker implies which of the following in lines 54-55 ("Let's be...with you")?

(D) He's about to express the complications of putting forth his policies.

11. The writer includes Carlyle's quote, "the Night cometh wherein no man may work" (line 72), to support which of the following claims?

(B) The opportunity to work is a gift of life.

24. In sentence 4 (reproduced below), which of the following versions of the underlined text most effectively transitions the reader from the introduction to the main argument of the passage? Many U.S. communities have implemented recycling initiatives to collect and reuse this trash, including curbside pickup, current recycling systems that utilize single-stream recycling and global changes in recycling processes make recycling an ineffective solution to the growing waste management problem.

(B) curbside pickup; however, current recycling systems that utilize single-stream recycling

37. The writer is considering modifying sentence 10 (reproduced below) to eliminate the underlined parenthetical phrase. The collaborative nature of jazz music, with many different instruments playing improvisations as one, represented the diversity inherent in New Orleans culture. Should the writer eliminate the underlined text?

(D) No, because it provides a description of improvisation that might aid understanding.

23. The writer primarily develops the passage by utilizing

(D) a pronouncement of intentions

6. When the passage moves from the fifth paragraph (lines 38-45) to the sixth paragraph (lines 46-59), it also moves from

(D) an overview to an illustration

5. In the sixth paragraph (lines 46-59), the writer expresses the primary role of evil by

(D) describing the advantages of being exposed to evil

38. In sentence 11 (reproduced below), the writer wants to more effectively illustrate the uniqueness of New Orleans in regard to population demographics. While New Orleans was a Southern city, it was extremely multicultural in makeup. Which version of the underlined text best accomplishes this goal?

(B) part of the segregated South, its citizens were ethnically diverse

35. The writer wants to add more information after sentence 6 to support the main argument. All of the following pieces of evidence help achieve this purpose EXCEPT which one?

(C) A blog post on a Louisiana tourism website that highlights popular New Orleans music clubs

42. The writer wants to add the following quote to the second paragraph (sentences 5-8) to build support for the main argument. "Almost anything can make a gap year rewarding, say experts, so long as the time is well planned" (Torpey, "Gap Year: Time Off With a Plan, BLS. https://www.bls.gov/careeroutlook/2009/fall/art04. pdf). Where would this quote be most effective?

(C) After sentence 6

26. The writer wants to add the following sentence to the second paragraph (sentences 5-10) to introduce a counterclaim. Proponents of single-stream recycling argue that while there is an increased risk of contamination, this risk is offset by the increased number of items being recycled. Where would the sentence best be placed?

(C) After sentence 7

27. In sentence 11 (reproduced below), the writer wants to provide a link between the main argument and the development of ideas within the paragraph. To further compound the issue, the cost of recycling is on the rise. Which of the following versions of the underlined text best achieves this purpose?

(C) As if contamination wasn't a big enough problem,

10. Carlyle's use of the sentence "Up, up!" (line 70) has the primary effect of

(C) enabling Carlyle to create a sense of urgency in readers

29. The writer wants to clarify the information in sentence 16 (reproduced below) by changing the underlined text, adjusting the punctuation, and capitalizing as needed. To put this cap in perspective, it is important to note that U.S. paper products have a 25 percent food contamination rate. Which of the following versions of the underlined text best achieves this goal?

(D) 25 percent of all U.S. paper products placed in a recycling bin are marred by food waste or residue.

34. The writer wants to modify sentence 3 (reproduced below) in order to introduce an argument that can be supported by the evidence within the paragraph. New Orleans was a city that embraced dancing, and many early jazz musicians developed their skills providing music at dance halls and social festivals. Which of the following versions of the underlined text best accomplishes this goal?

(E) the festive culture of the city precipitated a change in the function of music that found expression in early jazz songs