AP Psych Incorrect/Hard Quiz Questions

Which of the following are involved in regulating circadian rhythms?

Photoreceptors, hypothalamus, pineal gland

Modern research on Jean Piaget's stages of cognitive development indicates that...

Piaget underestimated children's abilities

Which of the following is an example of higher order or second order conditioning?

A rat is exposed to two different stimuli prior to the presentation of food. The rat responds more strongly to the stimulus that directly precedes the presentation of the food.

Ken refuses to go to New York city with his wife because he is scared of terrorist attacks. Though he smokes three packs of cigarettes a day, he is certain that he will not get lung disease. Both of these examples illustrate misperceptions that can occur due to

Availability Heuristic

Mrs. Thompson believes that her son has become an excellent student because she consistently uses praise and affection to stimulate his learning efforts. Her belief best illustrates a ________ perspective.

Behavioral

Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect the immune system's ability to ward off illness?

Being around someone who has the serious case of the flu

This language area is involved in the physical production of speech, i.e, the way the mouth moves to produce the appropriate sounds.

Broca's area

Lucille has been sticking to a strict diet but can't seem to lose weight. What is the most likely explanation for her difficulty?

Her pre-diet weight was near her body's set point

Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?

Individuals do not typically act out their dreams

dylan has difficulty solving a physics problem in class. The next day, he suddenly thinks of a solution to the problem as he is watching a friend play the guitar. The thought process dylan experienced is an example of

Insight Learning

While Miles was reading about the classic symptoms of a heart attack and thinking about the symptoms, he began to feel fearful and at the same time noticed that his heart was racing. His emotional response and autonomic nervous system arousal after cognition is best described by which of the following?

Lazarus Theory

Feli has been asleep for 3 hours. As he continues to sleep, we can expect that ________ sleep will diminish and that ________ sleep will increase in duration.

NREM 3; REM

Arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involve a debate over the issue of

Nature vs. Nurture

When 4-year-old Michael hit his sister, his Mom placed him in a time-out by having him stand in a corner for 4 minutes. A time-out is considered to be

Negative punishment

Research shows that women who are referred by a physician to participate in a study of eating disorders have more severe problems than women who volunteer on their own to participate in the study. If research on eating disorders regularly involves only women referred by physicians, the results of the studies might be limited because of the presence of...

Sampling Bias

Which of the following concepts best explains the research findings that people accept more responsibility for their good deeds than for their bad, and also more for their successes than failures?

Self-Serving Bias

Which of the following individuals best illustrates Sternberg's concept of practical intelligence?

Shelley, a news reporter who has a knack for making connections with very important people.

Mary Ainsworth's research indicates that a toddler with a secure attachment style is most likely to do which of the following when left with a caregiver, such as a babysitter, for the first time?

Show distess when left, calm down and play, and run to the mother when she returns.

An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to

Signal Detection Theory

Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

Sociocultural

What is the correct chronological order of the following perspectives in psych, from past to present? Behaviorism, Psychoanalysis, structuralism, humanism

Structuralism Psychoanalysis Behaviorism Humanism

Which of the following statements is supported by research on homosexuality?

Studies of twins have shown a genetic predisposition to homosexuality.

In Elizabeth Loftus' study of memory reconstruction in which students viewed films of an automobile accident, the major influence on recall was the

Wording of the questions the students were asked about the accident

In elementary school and high school, Charlie got away with copying his test answers from classmates. Because the college has test proctors who are very observant, Charlie spends as many hours devising new ways to cheat as it would take him to study and perform well in an honest fashion. Charlie's strategy for passing tests illustrates the consequences of

a mental set

Acetylcholine agonist would...

create seizures, convulsions, or just a mass amount of muscular movement

In considering the nature of intelligence, experts would be most likely to agree that intelligence is a(n)

ability to learn from experience

According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________.

adequate clothing; self-esteem

decibel level and brightness/intensity are to ______ as hue and pitch are to ______

amplitude; frequency

After spending years in the ocean, a mature salmon swims up its home river to return to its birthplace. This behavior is an example of

an instinct

Migraines headaches are most closely linked with...

an oversupply of glutamate

Bernard is an ambitious, highly competitive corporate lawyer who recently had a heart attack. He tends to be impatient and a perfectionist, and he gets angry over little things. Research suggests that Bernard's susceptibility to heart attacks may be most closely linked to his

anger

For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the NS/CS should be presented about a half-second

before the UCS

A technique that enables a person to control physiological responses that are normally involuntary, such as level of blood pressure, is known as

biofeedback

This area of the brain is the crossover point, where most nerves to and from each side of the brain connect with the body's opposite side:

brainstem

The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionary oldest to newest is

brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex

The retina is to the eye as the __________ is to the ear.

cochlea

Brandon took a new IQ test that strictly consisted of spatial puzzles. Brandon was skeptical that the test actually measured a person's IQ since it focused on one skill only. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of

construct validity

According to terror-management theory, most people employ the defense mechanism of ___________ when faced when their own mortality.

denial

When threshold level is reached, which of the following events will occur throughout an action potential?

depolarization

Shaniqua is a fourth grader who loves to read whenever she has free time. To encourage Shaniqua to continue to read, her parents would best be advised to...

do nothing additional

According to this theory of motivation, a person addicted to nicotine may smoke to keep their body in homeostasis

drive reduction theory

This scan allows a researcher to study both the structural detail of the brain, as well as its function during specific tasks:

fMRI

Visual information is processed by

ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors

Semicircular canals (fluid filled canals) are important to our

vestibular sense

The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the

limbic system

Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research...

may reveal a casual relation/causation

Which of your 5 senses never goes through the sensory adaption process?

vision

Some stroke victims lose the capacity to perceive motion but retain the capacity to perceive shapes and colors. Others lose the capacity to perceive colors but retain the capacity to perceive movement and form. These peculiar visual disabilities best illustrate our normal capacity for

parallel processing

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates

perceptual constancy

Identical twins separated at birth would be most likely to have similar

personalities

The discovery that high-pitched sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of the basilar membrane supports the _________ theory.

place

The way in which you quickly group the individual letters in this test item into separate words best illustrates the principle of

proximity

Joni claims that she is intellectually gifted because she "possesses" an IQ of 145. She is most clearly committing the error known as

reification

An animal trainer is teaching a miniature poodle to balance on a ball. Initially, he gives the poodle a treat for approaching the ball, then only for placing its front paws on the ball, and finally only for climbing on the ball. The trainer is using the method of

reinforcing successive approximations

In developmental psychology, one advantage of cross sectional over longitudinal studies is that cross sectional research...

requires comparatively little time

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve.

In order to remember the information presented in her psychology textbook, Susan often relates it to her own life experiences. Susan's strategy is an effective memory aid because it facilitates

semantic encoding

The McGurk effect best illustrates

sensory interaction

Most drugs of abuse increase dopamine levels in the reward system of the brain. Typically, hallucinogenic drugs like LSD are not associated with physical dependence due to the fact that they target __________ receptors in the brain instead.

serotonin

As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. Despite this, you do not perceive him to be shrinking. This is an example of

size constancy

The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the

spinal cord

In which area is communication facilitated by a chemical process?

synaptic gap

This sibling example illustrates how the interconnected realms of ____________ profoundly influence individual development.

the biopsychosocial approach

People are more likely to perceive a figure and ground illustration as reversible if they are told it is reversible. This best illustrates the importance of:

top-down processing

When presented with the image below, some people see an elderly man's face, whereas others see a mouse. The difference in responses to the same picture are best explained by

top-down processing

The somatic nervous system most directly controls:

voluntary muscle movement