AP Psych- Treatment

A famous 12-step program is associated with

AA

The psychologist known for challenging people's absurd self-defeating ideas is

Albert Ellis

Two counterconditioning techniques for replacing unwanted responses include

Aversive conditioning and exposure therapy

Schizophrenia is a disorder that is MOST likely to be treated with

Biomedical therapies

Which drug enhances the benefits of exposure therapy and helps relieve the symptoms of PTSD and OCD?

D-Cycloserine

Rapidly moving one's eyes while recalling traumatic experiences is most descriptive of

EMDR

The first psychological therapy was introduced by

Freud

Counterconditioning techniques were derived from principles first developed by

Ivan Panlov

The counterconditioning technique developed by Mary Cover Jones was refined by

Joseph Wolpe

Freud's techniques and assumptions are most evident in today's

Psycho-dynamic therapies

Mr. Choi's therapist wants to help him become aware of his conflicting childhood feelings of love and hate for his parents. The therapist's goal best reflects a primary aim of

Psychoanalysis

A trained therapist who uses psychological techniques to assist someone to overcome excessive anxiety would generally be best described as a

Psychotherapist

Psychological disorders that researchers believe are learned, such as phobias, are most likely to be treated with

Psychotherapy

According to Freud, a patient's hesitation to free associate is most likely a sign of

Resistance

Meta-analysis refers to

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies.

Aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social engagement are important components of

a. therapeutic life-style change.

Which drugs are designed to depress central nervous system activity?

anti-anxiety drugs

Which drugs appear to produce therapeutic effects by blocking receptor sites for dopamine?

antipsychotic drugs

Systematic desensitization involves

associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli.

In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?

aversive conditioning

The healing power of insight and self-awareness is LEAST likely to be emphasized by ________ therapists.

behavior

The practice of ________ is based on the application of operant conditioning principles.

behavior modification

Because Gretchen is afraid of contracting infectious diseases, she compulsively avoids shaking people's hands or touching doorknobs. Research suggests that an especially effective treatment for her difficulty would involve

behavior therapy.

Treating the mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy.

biopsychosocial

Lithium has been found to be especially effective in the treatment of

bipolar disorder

Which drug dampens responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli in schizophrenia patients with positive symptoms?

chlorpromazine

Empathic understanding of the patient's subjective experiences is a major goal of a

client-centered therapist.

Carl Rogers is known for the development of

client-centered therapy.

Psychologists with expertise in research, the assessment of psychological disorders, and the practice of psychotherapy are typically

clinical psychologists.

Although originally trained in Freudian techniques, Aaron Beck developed a ________ therapy for depression.

cognitive

Which form of psychotherapy is especially effective in coping with depression and reducing suicide risk?

cognitive therapy

Which therapeutic approach emphasizes that people are often disturbed because of their negative interpretations of events?

cognitive therapy

An integrated therapy that aims to modify both self-defeating thinking and maladaptive actions is known as

cognitive-behavioral therapy.

In classical conditioning therapies, maladaptive symptoms are usually considered to be

conditioned response

The best psychotherapy outcome studies are randomized clinical trials comparing treatment groups with ________ groups.

control

Some antidepressants block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and another neurotransmitter, norepinephrine. These antidepressants are called

d. dual-action drugs.

Cognitive therapy works, top-down, by changing thought processes. Antidepressant drugs work, bottom-up, on the emotion-forming

d. limbic system.

Electroconvulsive therapy has proven to be effective in the treatment of

depression

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation shows greatest promise for the treatment of

depression

Selective-serotonin-reuptake-inhibitors are frequently prescribed for the treatment of

depression

Tardive dyskinesia is often associated with long-term use of drugs that occupy certain ________ receptor sites.

dopamine

Dr. Genscher believes that most psychological disorders result from chemical abnormalities. In her work as a therapist, Dr. Genscher is most likely to make use of

drug therapies.

The biomedical treatment most widely used today is

drug therapy

Which form of therapy has most directly contributed to the sharp reduction in the number of residents in U.S. mental hospitals?

drug therapy

As a therapist, Dr. Cioffi often uses systematic desensitization. She also considers active listening to be an invaluable therapeutic tool, and she frequently makes use of free association. Dr. Cioffi's therapeutic approach would best be described as

eclectic

Deep-brain stimulation involves the implantation of ________ into the cortex.

electrodes

SSRIs are prescribed to

elevate arousal and mood.

After performing a meta-analysis of some 475 psychotherapy outcome studies, Smith and her colleagues reported in 1980 that

evidence supports the efficacy of psychotherapy.

Increasingly, insurer and government support for mental health services requires

evidence-based practice.

In 1924, Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when a rabbit was repeatedly presented while Peter was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

exposure therapies

Which of the following scientifically unsupported treatment approaches should be avoided?

facilitated communication

Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system?

family therapy

Freud is to ________ as Rogers is to ________.

free association; active listening

Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are

hope, a new perspective, and a caring relationship.

Instead of focusing on the cure of psychological disorders, ________ therapies seek to promote personal growth and self-fulfillment.

humanistic

The psychoanalytic and humanistic therapies are often referred to as

insight therapies

Research has shown that clients' level of satisfaction with psychotherapy

is unrelated to the level of training and experience of their therapists.

Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a treatment known as

lobotomy

Depakote, a drug originally used to treat epilepsy, more recently has been found to be effective in the control of

manic episodes

One possible explanation for the delayed effect of antidepressant drugs is that the increased availability of serotonin seems to promote

neurogenesis

Statistical summaries of psychotherapy outcome studies indicate that

no single form of therapy proves consistently superior to the others.

Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are often misleading because clients

often need to convince themselves that they didn't waste their money on therapy.

Virtual reality exposure therapy is most likely to prove effective in the treatment of

phobias

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms following the discontinued use of an antianxiety drug are indicative of

physiological dependence.

Which approach would attempt to minimize psychological disorders by working to reduce the incidence of child abuse and illiteracy in society?

preventive mental health

Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation.

progressive

Dr. Miller prescribes drugs for the treatment of chronic depression, and she encourages rest and relaxation training for clients suffering from excessive anxiety. It is most likely that Dr. Miller is a

psychiatrist

In the United States, managed health care has severely limited the length of mental health services that may be covered by insurance. This is particularly likely to discourage the widespread practice of

psychoanalysis

Which form of psychotherapy is LEAST likely to occur in therapist-led small groups?

psychoanalysis

The study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called:

psychopharmacology

The least used biomedical intervention for changing behavior is

psychosurgery

Although Shawn felt terribly depressed when he began psychotherapy, he was much happier by the time he had completed therapy. It would be reasonable to attribute some of his improvement to

regression toward the mean.

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ facilitates the elimination of fear.

relaxation

Which of the following biomedical treatments provides some of the benefits of ECT without triggering seizures or memory loss?

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from

self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events.

In promoting therapeutic life-style change, Stephen Ilardi and his colleagues note that human brains and bodies were designed for physical activity and

social engagement

Many professionals outside the field of psychology are prepared to offer psychotherapy in the process of completing a graduate program in

social work.

Which of the following is a form of cognitive therapy?

stress inoculation training

A psychodynamic therapist is most likely to

suggest interpretive insights regarding patients' difficulties.

Which of the following best illustrates a form of psychotherapy?

systematic desensitization

Which of the following techniques is derived from classical conditioning principles?

systematic desensitization

People often enter psychotherapy during a period of crisis in their lives. This helps us understand why they

tend to overestimate the effectiveness of their psychotherapy

Double-blind studies enable researchers to assess the extent to which drug therapy outcomes are attributable to

the placebo effect

The beneficial consequence of a person's expecting that a treatment will be therapeutic is known as

the placebo effect.

Therapy outcome studies indicate that highly religious people may prefer and benefit from

therapists with similar religious beliefs.

Which drug has provided the most help to schizophrenia patients experiencing auditory hallucinations and paranoia?

thorazine

To encourage Mrs. Coleman, a withdrawn schizophrenia patient, to be more socially active, institutional staff members give her small plastic cards whenever she talks to someone. She is allowed to exchange these cards for candy and cigarettes. Staff members are making use of

token economy

What would be most helpful for encouraging adults with intellectual disability to make their beds every morning?

token economy

The expression toward a therapist of feelings linked with earlier relationships is known as

transference

Free association involves the

uncensored reporting of any thoughts that come to mind

Carl Rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as

unconditional positive regard.