AP Psych Unit 13
In order to help him overcome his fear of flying, Duane's therapist has him construct a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering stimuli and then learn to associate each with a state of deep relaxation. Duane's therapist is using the technique called: a. systematic desensitization b. aversive conditioning c. shaping d. free association
a
Leota is startled when her therapist says that she needs to focus on eliminating her problem behavior rather than gaining insight into its underlying cause. Most likely, Leota has consulted a _____ therapist a. behavior b. humanistic c. cognitive d. psychoanalytic
a
the antipsychotic drugs appear to produce their effects by blocking the receptor sites for: a. dopamine b. epinephrine c. norepinephrine d. serotonin
a
the technique in which a therapist echoes and restates what a person says in a nondirective manner is called: a. active listening b. free association c. systematic desensitization d. meta-analysis
a
which of the following types of therapy does not belong with the others? a. cognitive therapy b. family therapy c. self-help group d. support group
a
techniques of treatment for psychodynamic approach:
-free association -dream analysis -tats -Rorschach ink blots -psychoanalysis -resistance -transference
psychoanalytic approach emphasizes:
-importance of unconscious mind -unraveling the past to understand the future
Who can provide therapy treatment?
-psychologist -psychiatrist -psychiatrist social worker or nurse
treatment techniques for _______ approach: -change the way people think -insight based -assertiveness training -modeling -rational-emotive therapy -cognitive restructuring -computer simulations
cognitive
focuses on teaching people new and adaptive ways of thinking and acting
cognitive therapy
an integrated therapy that focuses on changing self-defeating thinking and unwanted behaviors
cognitive-behavior therapy
a category of behavior therapy in which new responses are classically conditioned to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
counterconditioning
a biomedical therapy often used to treat severe depression where an electric shock is passed through the brain
electroconvulsive therapy (ETC)
treat anxiety by exposing people to things they normally fear and avoid; include systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy
exposure therapies
views problem behavior as partially engendered by the client's family system and environment
family therapy
therapy approach that is a variation of humanistic; points out inconsistencies in statements by clients; more confrontational
gestalt therapy
treatment techniques for __________ approach: -client-cnetered -client and therapist work together -active listening -genuineness -empathy -unconditional positive regard
humanisitic
causes of dysfunctional behavior that lead to _________ approach: -inability to know self -inability to take responsibility for self -dependence on opinions of others
humanistic
criticisms of ________ approach: -idealistic -lacks scientific support -limited application to real psychosis
humanistic
therapy approach referred to as "client-centered therapy":
humanistic
the therapy developed by Freud that attempts to give clients self-insight be bringing into awareness and interpreting previously repressed feelings
psychoanlaysis
the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior
psychopharmacology
an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties
psychotherapy
Ben is cognitive-behavior therapist. Compared to Rachel, who is a behavior therapist, Ben is more likely to: a. base his therapies on principles of operant conditioning b. base of his therapy on principles of classical conditioning c. address clients' attitudes as well as behaviors d. focus on client's unconscious urges
c
In concluding her talk entitled "Psychosurgery Today" Ashley states that: a. psychosurgery is still used today throughout the world b. ETC is the only remaining psychosurgical technique that is widely practiced c. with advances in psychopharmacology, psychosurgery has largely been abandoned d. although lobotomies remain popular other psychosurgical techniques have been abandoned
c
Linda's doctor prescribes medication that blocks activity of dopamine in her nervous system. Evidently, Linda is being treated with an __________ drug a. antipsychotic b. antianxiety c. antidepressant d. anticonvulsive
c
in an experiment testing the effects of a new antipsychotic drug, neither Dr. Cunningham nor her patients know whether the patients are in the experimental or the control group. This is an example of the ________ technique. a. meta-analysis b. within-subjects c. double-blind d. single-blind
c
the operant conditioning technique in which desired behaviors are rewarded with points or poker chips that can later ben exchanged for various rewards is called: a. counterconditioning b. systematic desensitization c. token economy d. exposure therapy
c
the technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called_______; it is favored by ______ therapists a. active listening; cognitive b. spontaneous remission; humanistic c. free association; psychoanalytic d. systematic desensitization; behavior
c
unlike traditional psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy: a. helps people gain insight into the roots of their problems b. offers interpretations of patients' feelings c. focuses on current relationships d. all of the above
c
which biomedical therapy is most likely to be practiced today? a. psychosurgery b. ETC c. drug therapy d. counterconditioning
c
_______ approach was introduced by Albert Ellis
cognitive
therapy approach that is commonly known as Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy; helps people look at their problems in a more rational way
cognitive
therapy approach that is most widely used and has very little criticism
cognitive
therapy approach that is used to treat depression and challenge irrational thoughts
cognitive
criticisms of psychodynamic approach:
-deterministic in nature -based on inference rather than scientific evidence -expensive, time consuming -transference to therapist
causes of dysfunctional behavior that lead to psychodynamic approach:
-stage fixations -unresolved conflicts in childhood -id, ego, super ego out of balance
the humanistic approach was developed by:
Carl Rogers
psychodynamic/psychoanalytic approach pioneered by:
Freud
gestalt therapy was developed by:
Fritz and Laura Perls
the use of prescribed medications or medical procedures that act on a patient's nervous system to treat psychological disorders
biomedical therapy
a nondirective technique of client-centered therapy in which the listener echoes, restates and seeks clarification of, but does not interpret, clients' remarks
active listenting
a form of counterconditioning in which an unpleasant state becomes associated with an unwanted behavior
aversive conditioning
ETC is most useful in the treatment of: a. schizophrenia b. depression c. personality disorders d. anxiety disorders
b
Seth enters therapy to talk about some issues that have been upsetting him. The therapist prescribes some medication to help him. The therapist is most likely a: a. clinical psychologist b. psychiatrist c. psychiatric social worker d. clinical social worker
b
a patient in a hospital receives poker chips for making her bed, being punctual at meal times, and maintaining her physical appearance. the poker chips can be exchanged for privileges, such as TV viewing, snacks and magazines. This is an example of: a. psychodynamic therapy technique called systematic desensitization b. behavior therapy technique called token economy c. cognitive therapy technique called token economy d. humanistic therapy technique called systematic desinsitization
b
a person can derive benefits from psychotherapy simply by believing in it. This illustrates the importance of: a. spontaneous recovery b. the placebo effect c. transference effect d. interpretation
b
a psychiatrist has diagnosed a patient as having bipolar disorder. it is likely that she will prescribe: a. an antipsychotic drug b. lithium c. an antianxiety drug d. a drug that blocks receptor sites for serotonin
b
of the following categories of psychotherapy, which is known for its nondirective nature? a. psychoanlaysis b. humanistic therapy c. behavior therapy d. cognitive
b
the effectiveness of psychotherapy has been assessed both through client's perspectives and through controlled research studies. What have such assessments found? a. client's perceptions and controlled studies alike strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy b. whereas client's perceptions strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, studies point to more modest results c. whereas studies strongly affirm the effectiveness of psychotherapy, many clients feel dissatisfied with their progress d. client's perceptions and controlled studies alike paint a very mixed picture of the effectiveness of psychotherapy
b
the technique of systematic desensitization is based on the premise that maladaptive symptoms are: a. a reflection of irrational thinking b. conditioned responses c. expressions of unfulfilled wishes d. all of the above
b
which of the following best describes the result of the 30-year follow-up study of 500 Massachusetts boys who had been considered predelinquents? a. predelinquent boys who received counseling had fewer problems as adults than untreated predelinquent boys b. predelinquent boys who did not received counseling had slightly fewer problems as adults than boys who received counseling c. predelinquent boys who underwent behavior therapy had fewer problems as adults than boys who underwent psychoanlaysis d. predelinquent boys who underwent psychoanalysis had fewer problems as adults than boys who underwent behavior therapy
b
which of the following is not a common criticism of psychoanalysis? a. it emphasizes the existence of repressed memories b. it provides interpretations that are hard to prove c. it is generally a very expressive process d. it gives therapists too much control over patients
b
medication for _______: -lithium
bipolar disorder
therapy that applies principles of operant or classical conditioning to the elimination of problem behaviors
behavior therapy
causes of dysfunctional behavior that lead to ________ approach: -learned behavior learned through operant/classical conditioning or observation -phobias, obsessive compulsive behaviors, etc.
behavioral
psychologists associated with __________ approach: -Pavlov -Watson -Skinner
behavioral
treatment techniques for __________ approach: -systematic desinsitization -aversion therapy -extinction of reinforcement -flooding or exposure therapy -token economy -virtual reality exposure therapy
behavioral
___________ approach is based on: -learning -experiments (on non-human animals) -rewards and punishments
behavioral/ learning
causes of dysfunctional behavior that lead to _______ approach: -genetic predisposition -hormonal imbalances -neurotransmitter disruption
biological
criticisms of ________ approach: -side effects to drugs/ addiction -tardive dyskinesia -over prescribed
biological
treatment techniques for ______ approach: -medications -ETC -surgical techniques -rTMS -action therapies -eye movement desensitization and reprocessing
biological
therapy approach that examines the role of biochemistry and genetics
biological/medical
a humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which growth and self-awareness are facilitated in an environment that offers genuineness, acceptance and empathy
client-centered therapy
humanistic approach depends on _______ and _______ to gain insight
case studies; Q sorts
After Darnel dropped a pass in an important football game, he became depressed and vowed to quit the team because of his athletic incompetence. The campus psychologist challenged his illogical reasoning and pointed out that Darnel's "incompetence" had earned him an athletic scholarship. The psychologist's response was most typical of a ______ therapist. a. behavior b. psychoanalytic c. client-centered d. cognitive
d
During psychoanalysis, Jane has developed strong feelings of hatred for her therapist. The analyst interprets Jane's behavior in terms of a ______ of her feelings toward her father a. projection b. resistance c. regression d. transference
d
Nick survived a car accident in which another passenger died. Dealing anxious and guilty, he sought treatment from an alternative therapist, who used eye movement desensitization and reprocessing to help Nick return to his normally upbeat, optimistic frame of mind. After several months of treatment, Nick began feeling better. Although he is convinced that the alternative therapy was responsible for his improvement, it is also possible that it was the result of: a. regression toward the mean b. placebo effect c. merely seeking treatment from any practitioner who provided an empathic, trusting environment d. all of the above
d
Which of the following is not necessarily an advantage of group therapies over individual therapies? a. they tend to take less time for the therapist b. they tend to cost money for the client c. they are more effective d. they allow the client to test new behaviors in a social context
d
a close friend who for years has suffered from wintertime depression is seeking your advice regarding the effectiveness of light-exposure therapy. What should you tell your friend? a. don't waste your time and money; it doesn't work b. a more effective treatment is eye movement desensitization and reprocessing c. you'd be better off with a prescription for lithium d. it might be worth a try. There is some evidence that morning light exposure produces relief
d
a psychotherapist who believes that the best way to treat psychological disorders is to prevent them from developing would be most likely to view disordered behavior as: a. maladaptive thoughts and actions b. expressions of unconscious conflicts c. conditioned responses d. an understandable response to stressful social conditions
d
a relative wants to know which type of therapy works best. What should you tell them? a. psychotherapy does not work b. behavior therapy is the most effective c. cognitive therapy is the most effective d. no one type of therapy is consistently the most successful
d
an eclectic psychotherapist is one who: a. takes a nondirective approach in helping clients solve their problems b. views psychological disorders as usually stemming from one cause, such as a biological abnormality c. uses one particular technique, such as psychoanalysis or counterconditioning in treating disorders d. uses a variety of techniques
d
before 1950, the main mental health providers were: a. psychologists b. paraprofessionals c. psychiatrists d. the clergy
d
during a session with his psychoanalyst, Jamal hesitates while describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic framework, this is an example of a. transference b. insight c. mental repression d. resistance
d
given that Jim's therapust attempts to help him by offering genuineness, acceptance and empathy, she is probably practicing: a. psychoanalysis b. behavior therapy c. cognitive therapy d. client-centered therapy
d
of the following therapists, who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses? a. behavior therapist b. cognitive therapist c. humanistic therapist d. psychoanalyst
d
one variety of ______ therapy is baed on the finding that depressed people often attribute their failures to _______ a. humanistic; themselves b. behavior; external circumstances c. cognitive; external circumstances d. cognitive; themselves
d
psychologists who advocate a _____ approach to mental health contend that many psychological disorders could be prevented by changing the disturbed individual's _________ a. biomedical; diet b. family; behavior c. humanistic; feelings d. preventive; environment
d
the help Sam quit smoking, his therapist blew a blast of smoke into Sam's face each time Sam inhaled. which technique is the being used? a. exposure therapy b. behavior modification c. systematic desensitization d. aversive conditioning
d
the results of meta-analysis of the effectiveness of different psychotherapies reveals that: a. no single type of therapy is consistently superior b. behavior therapies are most effective treating specific problems, such as phobias c. cognitive therapies are most effective in treating depressed emotions d. all of the above
d
which type(s) of psychotherapy would be most likely to use the interpretation of dreams as a technique for bringing unconscious feelings into awareness? a. psychoanalysis b. psychodynamic therapy c. cognitive therapy d. both a and b
d
medications for _______: -prozac -zoloft -paxil
depression and axiety
approach in which therapists are not locked into one form of psychotherapy, but draw on whatever combination seems best suited to a client's needs
eclectic
most common approach; biopsychosocial approach with use of drugs and therapies
eclectic
the psychoanalytic term for analyst's helping the client to understand resistances and other aspects of behavior so that the client may gain deeper insights
interpretation
a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies
meta-analysis
the tendency for unusual events (or emotions) to return toward their average state
regression toward the mean
the psychoanalyst term for blocking from consciousness of anxiety-provoking memories; hesitation during free association
resistance
medication for _____: -thorazin
schizophrenia
a type of counter-conditioning in which a state of relaxation is classically conditioned to a hierarchy of gradually increasing anxiety-provoking stimuli
systematic desnesitization
an involuntary movement of the muscles of the face, tongue, and limbs that sometimes accompanies the long-term use of certain antipsychotic drugs
tardive dyskinesia
an operant conditioning procedure in which desirable behaviors are promoted in people by rewarding them with tokens, or positive reinforcers, which can be exchanged for privileges or treats.
token economy
the psychoanalytic term for a patient's redirecting to they analyst emotions from other relationships
transference
progressively exposes people to stimulations of feared situations to treat their anxiety
virtual reality exposure therapy
chill pill/ quick fix pill:
xanax
