AP Psychology Chapter 6

Which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences? A) behavioral. B) cognitive. C) neuroscience. D) behavior genetics. E) psychodynamic.

B) cognitive.

Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of relationship between two variables? A) -0.12. B) +1.00. C) -0.99. D) +0.25. E) -0.50.

A) -0.12.

The belief that weather conditions signal the onset of arthritis pain best illustrates A) an illusory correlation. B) an illusion of control. C) the hindsight bias. D) the false consensus effect. E) random sampling.

A) an illusory correlation.

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the A) blind spot. B) pupil. C) visual cortex. D) cornea. E) lens.

A) blind spot.

Dr. Caleigh conducts basic research on the relationship between adults' language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a(n) _ psychologist. A) cognitive. B) biological. C) clinical. D) social. E) industrial/organizational.

A) cognitive.

Formal operational though is most similar to A) fluid intelligence. B) generativity. C) conventional morality. D) autonomy. E) crystallized intelligence.

A) fluid intelligence.

Research most clearly suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by A) genes than by home environment. B) home environment than by genes. C) genes than by peers. D) home environment than by peers. E) genes than by heredity.

A) genes than by home environment.

A time lag between left and right auditory stimulation is important for accurately A) locating sounds. B) detecting pitch. C) recognizing rhythms. D) judging amplitude. E) determining frequency .

A) locating sounds.

After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of A) perceptual set. B) visual capture. C) perceptual adaptation. D) bottom-up processing. E) stroboscopic movement.

A) perceptual set.

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds? A) signal detection theory B) frequency theory C) opponent-process theory D) place theory E) bottom-up theory

A) signal detection theory

Professor Shalet contends that parents and children have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes. His ideas is best described as a(n) A) theory. B) replication. C) naturalistic observation. D) illusory correlation. E) hindsight bias.

A) theory.

The patient "E.H" suffers from prosopagnosia and is unable to recognize her own face in a mirror. Her difficulty stems from a deficiency in A) top-down processing. B) transduction. C) kinesthesis. D) sensation. E) accommodation.

A) top-down processing.

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as A) the opponent-process theory. B) Weber's law. C) feature detection. D) sensory interaction. E) difference thresholds.

B) Weber's law.

The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the _ of light. A) absolute threshold. B) brightness. C) hue. D) difference threshold. E) wavelength.

B) brightness.

Sensory adaption refers to A) the process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural impulses. B) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. C) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information D) changes in the shape of the lens as it focuses on objects. E) increasing perception of a constant, annoying stimuli.

B) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus.

A cochlear implant converts sounds into A) decibels. B) electrical signals. C) air pressure changes. D) fluid vibrations. E) neurotransmitters.

B) electrical signals.

Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curve and thickness of the A) rods and cones. B) lens. C) bipolar cells. D) optic nerve. E) cornea.

B) lens.

Professor Ambra was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of these findings? A) naturalistic observation. B) replication. C) random sampling. D) the case study. E) standard deviation.

B) replication.

The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by interneurons in the A) limbic system. B) spinal cord. C) brainstem. D) cerebellum. E) frontal lobe.

B) spinal cord.

Which psychologist was most influential in shaping our understanding of cognitive development? A) B. F. Skinner. B) Konrad Lorenz. C) Jean Piaget. D) Sigmund Freud. E) Erik Erikson.

C) Jean Piaget.

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina? A) accommodation of the lens. B) transduction of the blind spot. C) dilation of the pupil. D) sensory adaptation of feature detectors. E) focusing light effectively on the fovea.

C) dilation of the pupil.

Compared with men, women experience a greater risk of A) autism. B) color blindness. C) eating disorders. D) antisocial personality disorders. E) addictions.

C) eating disorders.

On a cloudy day, a yellow flower is likely to appear _ it does on a bright sunny day. A) less colorful than. B) less yellow than. C) equally as yellow as. D) more yellow than. E) whiter than.

C) equally as yellow as.

The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to A) dismiss the value of replication. B) reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested. C) exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events. D) assume that correlation proves causation. E) overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions.

C) exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events.

According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to A) green light are inhibited by exposure to blue light. B) yellow light are inhibited by exposure to red light. C) green light are inhibited by exposure to red light. D) red light are inhibited by exposure to blue light. E) yellow light are inhibited by exposure to green light.

C) green light are inhibited by exposure to red light.

Gender differences in heritable personality traits cannot necessarily be attributed to male-female genetic differences because A) physical maturation proceeds at a different rate for males and females. B) variations in temperament contribute to gender differences. C) heritable traits can be influenced by social environments. D) males and females are also affected by their different sex hormones. E) chromosomal adaptation has not been accounted for.

C) heritable traits can be influenced by social environments.

Psychologists are skeptical about the existence of ESP because A) ESP researchers frequently accept evidence that they know is fraudulent. B) there is no way to scientifically test claims of ESP. C) many apparent demonstrations of ESP have been shown to be staged illusions. D) ESP experiments show the impact of ESP, but correlational studies do not. E) researchers have difficulty finding participants for ESP studies.

C) many apparent demonstrations of ESP have been shown to be staged illusions.

By simply thinking about a move, which activates their brain cells, people may be able to move a robotic arm. This best illustrates A) neurogenesis. B) constraint-induced therapy. C) neural prosthetics. D) magnetic resonance imaging. E) hemispheric specialization.

C) neural prosthetics.

In a class lecture, Professor Hampton emphasized the extent to which abnormal blood chemistry can contribute to psychological disorders. The professor's lecture highlighted a _ perspective on psychological disorders. A) psychodynamic B) behavior genetic C) neuroscience D) social-cultural E) cognitive

C) neuroscience

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates A) sensory interaction. B) kinesthesis. C) parallel processing. D) subliminal perception. E) blindsight.

C) parallel processing.

Henry disapproves of stealing jelly beans from his sister's Easter basket because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does. Henry best represents a(n) _ morality. A) egocentric B) conventional C) preconventional D) concrete operational E) postconventional

C) preconventional

In experiments, an image is quickly flashed and then replaced by a masking stimulus that inhibits conscious perception of the original image. In these experiments, the researchers are studying the effects of A) accommodation. B) tinnitus. C) priming. D) blindsight. E) prosopagnosia.

C) priming.

The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called A) priming. B) sensory adaptation. C) transduction. D) parallel processing. E) sensory interaction.

C) transduction.

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on A) natural selection. B) brain chemistry. C) unconscious conflicts. D) learned behaviors. E) introspection.

C) unconscious conflicts.

The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of A) muscular coordination. B) language comprehension. C) visual perception. D) speaking ability. E) pain sensations.

C) visual perception.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by the A) thyroid gland. B) pituitary gland. C) parathyroids. D) adrenal glands. E) pancreas.

D) adrenal glands.

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of A) childhood memories. B) genetic predispositions. C) unconscious thoughts. D) healthy growth potential. E) punishment and reinforcement.

D) healthy growth potential.

The awareness that things continue to exist even when they are not perceived is known as A) attachment. B) conservation. C) assimilation. D) object permanence. E) habituation.

D) object permanence.

A gestalt is best described as a(n) A) binocular cue. B) illusion. C) perceptual adaption. D) organized whole. E) perceptual set.

D) organized whole.

Parents should not take too much blame for the failures and shortcoming of their children because A) their child-rearing mistakes simply reflect that they were not properly raised by their own parents. B) children typically fail on purpose in order to establish a healthy independence from parents. C) child-rearing practices have little effect on children's beliefs and values. D) parental behavior is only one of many factors that influence children's behavior. E) the resulting guilt has an even more negative impact on their parenting skills.

D) parental behavior is only one of many factors that influence children's behavior.

Perceptual adaptation refers to the A) grouping of stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns. B) perception of movement created by the successive blinking of adjacent lights. C) perception of an object as unchanging in shape regardless of our own viewing angle. D) perceptual adjustment to an artificially displaced visual field. E) tendency for novel or unfamiliar stimuli to capture our attention.

D) perceptual adjustment to an artificially displaced visual field.

A mother who consistently responds supportively to her infant's cries for care and protection is most likely to encourage A) egocentrism. B) habituation. C) stranger anxiety. D) secure attachment. E) conservation.

D) secure attachment.

The process of receiving and representing stimulus energies by the nervous system is called A) priming. B) synaesthesia. C) accommodation. D) sensation. E) perception.

D) sensation.

The human ability to speedily recognize familiar objects best illustrates the value of A) accommodation. B) kinesthesis. C) subliminal stimulation. D) sensory interaction. E) parallel processing.

E) parallel processing.

The discovery that high-frequency sounds trigger large vibrations near the beginning of basilar membrane supports the _ theory. A) gate-control. B) frequency. C) Young-Helmholtz. D) opponent-process. E) place.

E) place.

When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful college student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of A) aphasia. B) reuptake. C) phrenology. D) tomography. E) plasticity.

E) plasticity.

Accommodation refers to the A) diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. B) system for sensing the position and movement for muscles, tendons, and joints. C) quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. D) process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. E) process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.

E) process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.

The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by A) the Young-Helmholtz theory. B) the gate-control theory. C) place theory. D) frequency theory. E) the opponent-process theory.

E) the opponent-process theory.

The principles of continuity and closure best illustrate the importance of A) binocular cues. B) perceptual adaption. C) visual capture. D) perceptual constancy. E) top-down processing.

E) top-down processing.

According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to _ light are inhibited by exposure to _ light. A) red; blue. B) blue; green. C) yellow; green. D) blue; red. E) yellow; blue.

E) yellow; blue.