AP1 CHAPTER 2-Chemistry
Atomic number
Number of protons in nucleus
Hydrogen bonds
A bond that is more like an attraction. Weak bond.
Anion
An atom that has gained electron and has received a negative charge
Cation
An atom that has lost an electron and has received a positive charge
Radioisotopes
Are unstable and decompose to more stable forms..HALF LIFE : is the time required for it to lose one half of its activity..they are all damaging to living tissue
Atomic weight
Average of mass numbers of all isotopes of an atom
Atoms
Building blocks for elements-they determine an elements physical and chemical properties-smallest particles of an element with properties of that element
Elements of human body
CHON carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen. They make up 90% of body weight
Elements
Cannot be broken into simpler substances by ordinary chemical methods -each has unique physical and chemical properties
Neutrons
Carry no charge
Isotopes
Differ in number of neutrons.structural variations of atoms.atomic number same but mass number different
Mechanical Energy
Directly involved in moving matter
Non polar covalent bond
Electrons are shared equally.....fat and oils have this type of bond
Electron cloud
Electrons orbit nucleus in this
Hydrogen bond
If a covalently bound molecule bind to other atoms ..weak bond..
Chemical bonds
Ionic Covalent Hydrogen
Types of energy
Kinetic Potential
States of Matter
Liquid Gas Solid
Electrons
Negative charge
Protons
Positive charge
Mass number
Protons + neutrons in nucleus
Nucleus
Protons and neutrons found in nucleus
Subatomic particles
Protons neutrons electrons
Electrical Energy
Results from movement of charged particles Charged particles called ions move along or across cell membranes
Chemical Energy
Stored in bonds When atoms of chemicals become rearranged, potential energy becomes kinetic
Ionic bond
Transfers an electron to another atom.receiving atom becomes negative charge one that lost an electron has acquired a positive charge.neg charge one is unstable
Radiant or electromagnetic energy
Travels in waves Ultra violet light, X-rays , visible light
Covalent bond
Two atoms sharing electron . More stable
Polar covalent bond
Unequal sharing of electrons....one atom is stronger charged.polarized because it is being pulled by the stronger charged atom..water has this bond
Matter
anything that has mass and occupies space
Energy
has no mass. does not take up space. can be measured only by its effects on matter.
Chemical reactions
they underlie all physiological processes