APES: Diseases

Avian influenza (H5N1)

Viral infection originating from wild birds who naturally carry it in intestines w/o getting sick. Can spread to domesticated birds (chickens, geese, turkeys). Humans get it from working with infected poultry. Mostly effects Asia, Africa, Europe. Pretty rare.

Tuberculosis (TB)

*BACTERIAL* disease. Spreads really easily, especially in developing countries (crowded conditions). Spreads thru air by coughs/sneezes from infected individuals. Bacterial --> should be able to be treated with anitbiotics. Guess what your stupid overuse of antibiotics did? ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAINS OF TB. Ain't that a bitch. Stupid humans. More cases of this in Russia, China, India, Africa.

Measles

*VIRUS*. Extremely contagious respiratory disease. Easily spread thru respiratory droplets from coughs and sneezes (ew). Widespread vaccinations --> low amount of cases in developed countries

Hepatitis B

*VIRUS*. Spread same way as HIV except infants can't get it from breast-feeding. Symptoms start showing up after a few months. Can experience liver damage --> could develop cirrhosis or cancer

How to reduce infectious disease

-improve drinking water conditions in developing countries -decrease malnutrition to improve immune systems -implement education programs to reduce HIV/AIDS -increase availability of vaccines to ppl in developing countries -REDUCE UNNECESSARY USE OF ANTIBIOTICS IN HUMANS AND LIVESTOCKS U ID

Diarrheal Diseases

3rd most fatal infectious disease worldwide. Kills 1.9 million annually worldwide. Can be caused by host of organisms (ex. bacteria, viruses, protozoa). Children in developing countries (malnourished, weak immune systems) are especially susceptible. People get it from unsanitary drinking water contaminated from feces from runoff of human sewage/ animal waste. Two common diarrheal diseases: cholera, dysentery.

AIDS

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Final stage of viral infection of HIV. Antiviral drugs help slow progression of virus .

Infectious disease

Aka contagious or communicable disease. Can be spread from person to person (ex. Influenza, HIV, malaria, tuberculosis, diarrheal diseases ). Caused by pathogens.

Non-transmissible disease

Can't be spread from person to person (Ex. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, asthma, malnutrition)

Dysentery

Common diarrheal disease. Can be caused by multiple things: bacteria, parasitic worms, protists (usually amoebas)

Cholera

Common diarrheal disease. Caused by *BACTERIA*.

Swine Influenza (H1N1)

Emerged in 2009 in parts of Mexico and US. Declared a pandemic by World Health Org (WHO) in 2009, had spread to over 70 countries. Death toll for virus is still low in comparison to seasonal flu virus

HIV

Human Immune Deficiency Virus. Second deadliest worldwide, killing 2.1 million annually. Contracted when blood, body fluids, breast milk of infected person enters body of an uninfected person. Commonly through unprotected sex, sharing needles, birth. People with HIV eventually develop AIDS.

Epidemic

Infectious disease outbreak limited to one area or region.

Pandemic

Infectious disease outbreak that spreads globally.

Global climate change will likely result in the increase of cases of what disease?

Malaria

Malaria

Mosquito-borne disease spread by *PROTOZOAN* called Plasmodium. Most commonly carried by Anopheles mosquito found near warm areas/equator. If global climate warms, probably will result in increased cases of malaria. Controlled through use of DDT , which World Health Org (WHO) supports #scandalous.

West Nile Virus

Most commonly cycles between mosquitoes and wild bird pops. Can spread to humans through infected mosquito or contact with bodily fluids of infected wild animals.

Influenza

Most deadly infectious disease. Caused by virus. Cannot be treated with antibiotics. Vaccination is only protection. 5-20% of US gets flu per year.

Deadliest infectious disease globally?

Pneumonia and flu. Kills 3.2 million annually globally.

What is a positive aspect of DDT?

Reduces mosquito populations + risk of malaria worldwide

SARS

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. *VIRUS*. Spread from coughs and sneezes. First reported in 2002 in outbreak in China. About 8,500 people had it and 812 died from outbreak (2002-2003).