apes tests units 1-3

Which of the following represents the amount of energy available for secondary consumers in the food chain?

(A) 930 kilocalories

Marine biome with greatest biodiversity is?

(A) Coral reefs

Elements that cycle in the environment and it also have a gaseous phase at some point in their cycle include which of the following? I carbon II phosphorus III sulfur

(A) I only

The many finch species of the Galápagos Islands evolved from a single species that immigrated to the islands from the coast of South America. These species differ primarily in beak shape, which is closely related to the type of food each species specializes in eating. Which of the following best explains why each of the finch species on the Galápagos Islands evolved to be specialists?

(A) Islands have limited food resources, forcing species to feed on a small range of food items.

The climate of an area is defined by?

(A) Long term temperature and precipitation averages

Which of the following would be categorized as a cultural ecosystem service of forests?

(A) Recreation and scenic areas for tourism

Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society?

(A) Reduced birth rates

A marine biologist is studying a kelp ecosystem. She notices that sea urchins eat kelp and that sea otters eat the urchins and protect the kelp forest. In this scenario, the sea urchin can be classified as what?

(A) primary consumer

Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is?

(A) the total amount of energy stored

If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is?

(B) 1.6%

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000 cake out of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely amount of energy available to secondary consumers?

(B) 150 kcal

In a given ecosystem, producers convert solar energy into 15,000 kcal of chemical energy stored in organic compounds. Which of the following is the most likely around the energy available to secondary consumers?

(B) 150 kcal

Algae in an aquatic food chain convert solar energy and 93,000 kcal of plant tissue. Which of the following values best represents the amount of energy available for primary consumers in the food chain?

(B) 9,300 kilocalories

Which of the following best describes gross primary productivity in an ecosystem?

(B) Gross primary productivity is a total amount of Solar energy captured by producers through photosynthesis overtone

A marine biologist classify as a new species is having a benthic existence, this would mean that organisms?

(B) Live on the bottom of the ocean

The Chatham Island robin is a small endangered bird found in scrub forests off the coast of New Zealand. The robin is preyed upon by introduced species such as cats and rats. In 1980, the population decreased to only individuals and every individual today is a descendant of a single female. Which of the following is best illustrated in the decline of the Chatham Island robins?

(B) Population bottleneck

A field is a Bandan, an invasive plant that can live in nutrient poor soil moves into the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can best be made?

(B) bacteria in Soil and in route nodules convert free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds

The consumption of mosquitoes by bats and the control of flooding provided by tropical forests in mountainous areas of Central America are examples of

(B) ecosystem services

The most abundant element in earths atmosphere is?

(B) nitrogen

Of the following ecosystems, which has the lowest net primary productivity, measured in kilocalories of energy produced per square meter per year?

(B) open ocean

Traveling south word from the Arctic regions of Canada to the tropics of panama, one passes through several biomes. Tundra, coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest, and tropical rainforest. This pattern of change in vegetation is primarily the result of?

(C) An increase in mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation

How does the burning of fossil fuels contribute to the net increase in atmospheric carbon?

(C) Carbon that has been sequestered underground is added to the carbon cycle in between the atmosphere and the biosphere.

Scientist calculated the net primary productivity at two different forest sites. Both force of the same Gross primary productivity. Forest a has a net primary productivity of 1650 K Cal and varsity has a net primary productivity of 1100 kcal. Which of the following statements is best supported by the data?

(C) Forest a producers have lower rates of cellular respiration then forest be producers.

Which of the following best describes the net primary productivity of an ecosystem?

(C) Net primary productivity is amount of energy lost the respiration by producers subtract it from the gross primary productivity of an ecosystem

In England approximately 250 years ago, the peppered moth had light-colored wing patterns that camouflaged them against the light-colored trees. Over time in urban areas, the number of peppered moths with dark-colored wings increased as pollution from the Industrial Revolution darkened the trees the moths rested on. Which of the following statements best describes how the moths adapted to the new environment over time?

(C) The moths adapted to the new environment by changes in the genetics of the population.

Which of the following best helps to explain why phosphorus is often a limiting factor in many ecosystems?

(C) Under many conditions, phosphorus forms stable insoluble compounds.

Which of the following is true of carbon as it cycles in nature?

(C) carbon sinks include forests and oceans

Which of the following pathways indicate how nitrogen is added to the largest nitrogen reservoir?

(C) denitrifying bacteria and volcanic activity

For a primary producer, the main function of photosynthesis is to manufacture?

(C) glucose

Members of an r-selected species characteristically?

(C) reach sexual maturity quickly

And ecologist is writing up documentation to convince developers to leave a wetland as it is. What fact is an accurate about the benefits of wetlands?

(C) wetlands are ideal for grazing cattle and other livestock

The net annual primary productivity of a particular wetland ecosystem is found to be 8000 kcal per year. If respiration by the aquatic producers is 12,000 kcal per year, what is the gross annual primary productivity for this ecosystem?

(D) 20,000

The net primary productivity of a pine forest on a lava flow of Mount Fuji is about 175,000 Kcal and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?

(D) 290,000

The Devils Hole pupfish is one of the world's rarest fishes, spending most of its life in the top few meters of very warm waters of a cavern located in the middle of the Mojave Desert. Devils Hole, a geologic pool, is the only naturally occurring habitat for the endangered Devils Hole pupfish. This fish's habitat is one of the smallest natural ranges known for any vertebrate. Devils Hole is an extreme environment, with water temperatures and dissolved oxygen concentrations near the lethal limits for most fish species. Which of the following statements best explains why the Devils Hole pupfish are able to live in this environment?

(D) The pupfish are well adapted to the habitat of Devils Hole and can thrive in conditions that are outside of the range of tolerance for most other species.

Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society?

(D) The total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition

The diagram below shows the age structure of a particular country. (excessively large bottom that increasingly gets smaller) Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure in the diagram shown above?

(D) There is a high total fertility rate.

A group of living organisms play a large role in the nitrogen cycle. Which group do they belong to?

(D) bacteria

As energy moves within an ecosystem, how is the majority of it lost?

(D) heat loss

The greatest amount of freshwater is found in which of the following?

(D) polar ice caps and glaciers

The crude growth rate, r , of a population is calculated by?

(E) subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate

The ultimate source of energy for terrestrial ecosystems is?

(E) the sun

What is the best description of an ecosystem?

(a) biotic and abiotic factors interacting

A scientist wants to create a diagram showing all of the complex interactions between species living in a local forest reserve, which type would be the most appropriate?

(c) food webs

The sun provides the energy for almost all life on earth. Approximately how much of the sun's total energy hitting the earth is used in photosynthesis?

(d) 1%

What is something shared by the nitrogen and phosphorus cycle?

They are both required for plant growth