APES unit 3 mc
Which age-structure diagram best depicts the ages in a population that is in stage 3 of the demographic transition?
(LOOKS LIKE TRIANGLE)
If a city of population 10,000 experiences 100 births, 40 deaths, 10 immigrants, and 30 emigrants in the course of a year, what is its net annual percentage growth rate?
0.4%
A metropolitan region or 100,000 people has 2,000 births, 500 deaths, 200 emigrants, and 100 immigrants over 1 - year period. Its population growth rate is
1.4%
If a country has a crude birth rate of 24 per 1,000 and a crude death rate of 8 per 1,000, the natural annual percent increase of its population is
1.6%
If the population of a country grows at a rate of approximately 5 percent per year, the number of years required for the population to double is closest to
15 years
In 2007 in the United States there were approximately 480 cars for every 1,000 people. The total number of cars in the United States in 2007 was closest to
150,000,000
Which of the following annual population growth rates is paired with the correct doubling time?
2% . . 35 years
What is the population doubling time in years for a country with an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent?
20
Approximately what percent of the population in Country II is under age 15?
25%
If the population of a country is growing at a rate of 1.75 percent per year, the population will double in approximately how many years?
40 years
A country currently has a population of 100 million and an annual growth rate of 3.5 percent. If the growth rate remains constant, what will be the population of this country in 40 years?
400 million
Doubling time can be approximated mathematically by
70/growth rate
Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely to have limited educational opportunities for women?
A
An r-selected species characteristically has
A fast population growth rate
Which of the following is the best description of a population that has a stable age distribution?
A growing population in which the proportions of individuals in the different age classes remain constant
Which is an example of a density independent factor?
A hurricane
Which is not true regarding a limiting resource?
A limiting resource is an important density independent factor
Go to page 259 #5 A country with an age structure diagram like the one shown is most likely experiencing
A short doubling time
By the year 2050, world population is expected to approach 10 billion. If the current population trends continue, which region of the world will most likely experience the majority of the growth?
Africa and Asia
A high intrinsic growth rate would most likely be characteristic of
An r-selected species such as the American bullfrog.
Which graph best illustrates a population growing at its biotic potential?
B
Five islands, A, B, C, D, and E, differ only in distance from the mainland, area, and species diversity. Which island would be predicted to have the highest species diversity?
B Island B Distance from Mainland 50 (kilometers)Area (hectares) 1 x 106
Which of the countries listed in the chart above is most likely experiencing a population decline?
C
The North Island Robin is very territorial and individuals often remain in and defend the same patch of forest throughout their lives. The distribution of this species within a particular forest is likely to be
Clumped
Which is not an example of a density independent factor?
Competition
Which of the following best exemplifies population momentum?
Continued growth of a population after fertility drops to replacement level
Which of the following countries is most likely represented in the age structure diagram shown above?
Country B
The location where the size of the human population is the most stable
D
Which of the following age structure diagrams represents a population that most likely has a negative growth rate?
D- even looking graph
Which is most likely to result in a random population distribution?
Density independent factors
Which is not a factor that determines population growth under the theory of demographic transition?
Density independent factors slow economic growth.
Which of the following best characterizes a population that is growing exponentially with time?
Doubling in size over equal increments of time
The diagram above illustrates how the number of individuals in a population changed with time as a result of external stresses and resource limitations. Which lettered portion of the curve most likely corresponds to the carrying capacity of the ecosystem?
E
Which graph best illustrates a population that was growing and has reached its carrying capacity?
E
Species with a type 3 survivorship curve are likely to exhibit
Fast population growth rate & density independent population regulation
Which is not a true statement based on the logistic growth model?
Future population growth cant be predicted mathematically
Which of the following pairs of statistics would most likely indicate the highest quality of life in a country?
High life expectancy and low infant mortality
Which is typical of developed countries?
High technology use
Factors that affect the total fertility rate of a human population include which of the following? I. Cultural traditions II. Government policies and economic incentives III. Education level and economic opportunities for females
I, II, and III
Correct statements about the northern spotted owl include which of the following? I. It is a pioneer species that is an opportunistic feeder. II. It is dependent on mature, old-growth forest for its habitat. III. It is a carnivore at or near the top of the food chain.
II and III
Which of the following is most likely the primary cause of high death rates in phase I?
Infant and childhood mortality
Which of the following characteristics in the table best supports the claim that Country A is a more developed country and that Country B is a less developed country?
Infant mortality rate
Which pair of indicators best reflects the availability of health care in a country?
Infant mortality rate & life expectancy
A population with an age distribution shaped like a pyramid
Is likely to exhibit a high population momentum Has a high crude birth rate
Which is true about a populations carrying capacity?
It depends on a limiting resource
Which is true of a population overshoot?
It is followed by a die-off
Which of the following is a true statement about replacement-level fertility?
It is greater in countries with high infant-mortality rates than in countries with low infant-mortality rates.
Cycads are gymnosperms that were diverse and abundant during the Mesozoic era. Extant species of cycads share many traits with those from the Mesozoic era. Cycads bear cones, are long-lived with slow growth rates, show late reproductive maturity, and have very few offspring. Based on this description, the cycads are
K-strategists with a Type I survivorship curve.
Which of the following statements best describes the trends in the data shown in the graph above? (total fertility rate in 2010)
More-developed countries tend to have lower total fertility rates than less-developed countries
Population distribution is
Often clumped in response to predation
The intrinsic growth rate of a population
Only occurs under ideal conditions
Which of the following best explains the change in the moose population from 1995 to 1997?
Plants in the area could not support the large population of moose in 1995.
Which does not have a significant effect on the number of offspring produced by a population?
Population distribution
Which is least likely to effect the carrying capacity of a habitat of a particular species?
Population distribution
Which of the following describes the changes in a country's demographics as it begins its transition from a preindustrial state to an industrial state?
Population increases rapidly, birth rate remains high, death rate decreases
Even if a country reduces its birth date and maintains replacement level fertility, its population will still continue to grow for several decades because of
Population momentum
Which of the following measures would be most likely to promote fertility above replacement level?
Public housing priority for families with more than two children
Which of the following is most typically associated with the transition from a rural to an urbanized society?
Reduced birth rates
A developing country with a total fertility rate of 4.0 and a net migration rate of -3.5 is likely to have an age structure
Shaped like a pyramid
If mean global temperature keeps on increasing as predicted by contemporary scientists, which of the following is most likely?
Specialist species living in fragile ecosystems will risk extinction.
In a certain country, the birth rate is high, the death rate is high, and there are many children that are part of the workforce. The country is most likely in which of the following stages of the demographic transition?
Stage 1
During which stage of the demographic transition shown above does a population begin to experience an explosive increase in growth?
Stage 2
Which statement about total fertility rate is correct?
TFR is the average number of children each woman will give birth to during her childbearing years.
Which may lead to an increase in the carrying capacity of the global human population?
Tech advancement & reduction in per capita consumption rate
Which is not likely to describe a population in a developing country?
The age structure will be shaped like an inverted pyramid.
The rate of population growth starts to slow down at which point?
The beginning of phase III
A small developing country with negligible rates of immigration and emigration is going through a demographic change. Thirty years ago the crude birth rate was 44 per thousand per year and the crude death rate was 17 per thousand per year. Now the crude birth rate is 16 thousand per year and the crude death rate is 5 per thousand per year. Which of the following statements about the country now is most likely to be true?
The country is at the industrial stage of the demographic transition.
A country has a birth rate of 35/1,000 individuals and a death rate of 13/1,000 individuals. The death rate was 37/1,000 individuals in 1950, 28/1,000individuals in 1970, and 21/1,000 individuals in 1990. Which of the following statements best explains why the country has a declining death rate?
The country is in stage 2 of the demographic transition, and life expectancy has increased because of improvements in public health, sanitation, and access to food.
A certain species of dinosaur laid large numbers of eggs, and the hatchlings had high mortality early in life. But if they survived, the young dinosaurs were able to grow at a rapid pace and disperse into the environment in order to thrive. Based on this information and the graph above, which of the following best characterizes this species of dinosaur?
The dinosaurs were r-strategists and exhibited a Type III survivorship curve
The IPAT equation was developed to
The impact of human lifestyles on Earth
What two main factors would best indicate the quality of life of a country's population?
The life expectancy and the infant mortality rate
Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph for the population of wolves between 1975 and 1985?
The population declined following depletion of food resources after a population overshoot.
Which of the following is a true statement about the total fertility of a society?
The total fertility of a society decreases as the society progresses through the demographic transition.
The total fertility rate in country A was 6.8 in 1980. Which of the following statements best supports the change in the total fertility rate in country A between 1980 and 2015?
The total fertility rate decreased as a result of a delay in age of first marriage and increased contraceptive use.
As a country goes through the demographic transition, the greatest rate of population growth takes place during which phase?
The transitional
Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with a country that demonstrates the age structure in the diagram shown above?
There is a high total fertility rate.
Which of the following is generally true of K-strategist species as compared to r-strategist species?
They have longer life spans.
Which characteristic is typical of r selected species?
They have very low survivorship early in life They produce many offspring in a short period of time
See Page 229 # 7 Choose the description that best describes the graph
Type 2 could represent a coral species that has a constant decline in survivorship throughout its life
In 1950, a country had a total fertility rate of 5.9. In 2010, the total fertility rate of the country was 2.3. Which of the following is most likely the reason for the change in total fertility rate?
Women had increased educational opportunities and had children later in life.
Which has contributed to increase family planning worldwide?
Womens education, increased income, & advertising campaigns.
The supply of Earth's fresh water is fixed and is being depleted at a rapid rate. Which of the following best describes the effects of a limited freshwater supply on human populations?
World food production will decrease, leading to increased famine.
dieback
a sudden decline in population due to lack of resources
k selected species growth
emphasize logistic growth. they hover around carrying capacity
Ticks are vectors for various diseases. The ticks acquire the disease-causing organisms from
feeding on host animals
The K-selection reproductive strategy maximizes survival of offspring by producing
few offspring with high levels of parental care
Although the fertility rate for women in the United States has declined in recent years to a value below replacement level, the United States population is still increasing because of
immigration
A country with an age distribution like that shown in the figure above, is most likely a country that
is experiencing slow or no population growth
logistic model of population growth
model for growth of a population limited by density-dependent factors; numbers increase exponentially at first, then the growth rate slows and population size levels off at carrying capacity
exponential model of population growth
model for population growth when resources are unlimited. The per capita growth rate remains constant as population size increases
Zero population growth is associated with
phases I and IV
According to the theory of demographic transition, countries move through growth phases in which order?
slow growth, rapid growth, stable growth, declining growth
k selected species
species that produce a few, often fairly large offspring but invest a great deal of time and energy to ensure that most of those offspring reach reproductive age.
r selected species
species that reproduce early in their life span and produce large numbers of usually small and short-lived offspring in a short period.
The most populous countries in the world are China, India, and
the United States
Which of the following does not support the idea that humans can devise ways to expand theory carrying capacity on Earth?
the development of CFCs for use in refridgeration
biotic potential
the maximum rate at which a population could increase under ideal conditions
r selected species growth
they take advantage of exponential population growth. they try to quickly fill an area before competition arrives
invasive species are
typically they are r selected species
overshoot
when a population becomes larger than the environment's carrying capacity
