APES Unit 4 Test

Which of the following does NOT exert a major influence on Earth's overall climate?

E. The seasonal development of temperature inversions in geographical basins

Which soil horizon has very little organic matter and accumulates soluble metals?

B horizon

This area is most susceptible to erosion, leading to increased suspended solids and increased turbidity downstream.

B. agricultural fields

A team at a university in Pennsylvania has concerns about the health of streams in a watershed because of the various land uses in the area. There has been an increase in road repair work, and the area has many dairy farms. What would be the most effective at preventing sediment runoff into the streams of the watershed?

Construct at least one dam on a stream in the watershed to improve flood control.

At this site a 9.0 magnitude earthquake, which occurred at a nearby subduction zone, triggered one of the largest nuclear reactor disasters in history

D (Far right of map)

Which of the following statements correctly explains the tectonic plate activity on the West Coast of the United States?

Earthquakes occur at the San Andreas Fault when stored energy is released from locked plates.

Area that exhibits a growing nonvolcanic mountain chain due to uplift

Himalayas

Which soil composition would be the best choice for lining a landfill?

Point W

What agricultural practices most likely lead to improved water quality in nearby streams and rivers?

Reducing the amount of fertilizer (nutrient management), integrated pest management, conservation filling bases, etc.

Which of the following is the source of energy driving the circulation pattern labeled C in the diagram?

Solar radiation

Based on the diagram, which of the following changes are most likely to occur in the central and eastern tropical pacific during El Niño?

The Peruvian current weakens, leading to warmer-than-average sea-surface temps

Based on the diagram, which of the following statements best explains why the climate of the west coast of Africa is drier than that of the east coast of the United States, even though they are located at similar latitudes?

The cold ocean currents off Africa absorb heat from land and therefore cool the atmosphere.

Where does warm air rise?

The equator

Which of the following explains why the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion?

The lower portion of the troposphere is separated by the ozone layer from the upper portion, so the lower portion absorbs more sunlight, increasing the temperature.

Which of the following best explains why the lower portion of the troposphere is warmer than the upper portion?

The surface of Earth absorbs sunlight, heating the lower portion of the troposphere more than the upper part.

A student group is involved in a restoration study of a nearby disturbed area. They decide to collect six soil samples and analyze them for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). Two of the samples are found to be very high in C and N, but the other four samples are low in both. The students also notice that the color of the two soil samples that are high in C and N is very dark. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the data?

Two of the samples were collected from an A horizon, and the others were collected from a B horizon.

The low anchovy catch in 1998 was most likely the result of

reduced ocean upwelling along the coast

Which of the following is the best method for preventing soil erosion in an agricultural area?

terrace farming