APUSH Fact Find Ch 8-10
How did President Andrew Jackson change the federal system of office holding?
Jackson introduced the principle of rotation in office to discourage long tenure
In which of the following ways was Chief Justice Roger Taney different from his predecessor, John Marshall?
Marshall was nationally oriented while Taney favored states' rights
Which of these factors was the critical stimulus for growth of domestic American markets in the first half of the nineteenth century?
Better transportation networks
In 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville wrote, "It is a constant fact that at the present day the ablest men in the United States are rarely placed at the head of affairs." To what did he attribute this phenomenon?
Democracy
Which of the following describes German immigrants who settles in the United States during the 1840's and 1850's?
Germans were the second largest immigrant group and many settled in the midwestern states
African Americans who converted to Christianity during the Second Great Awakening embraced which of the following teachings?
God as the liberator of the Jews
How did Andrew Jackson respond to South Carolina's claimed right of nullification in 1832?
He asked Congress for a Force Bill authorizing him to use the military to suppress any act of nullification
Which of the following statements describes the American Waltham plan, which was later known as the Lowell system?
Its creators recruited farm girls and women to work in factories.
In the first half of the nineteenth century, American manufacturers' main advantage over the British mills was that they had access to which of the following?
More natural resources
Which of the following characterizes patterns of immigration into the United States during the 1840's and 1850's?
Most of the Irish who arrived in the United States were poverty-stricken peasants
Which of the following characterizes the impact of republican ideology on child rearing in America in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?
Most parents began to treat their children more permissively and respectfully
Which of the following statements characterizes the relationship between church and state in post revolutionary America?
Most states continues to support churches indirectly by not taxing their property or ministers' incomes
For which of the following reasons did New York's state government fund the building of the Erie Canal in 1817?
New Yorkers sought to link the Hudson River with the Great Lakes
Which of the following were the three key elements of Clay's American system?
Protective tariff, subsidized internal improvements, and the national bank
Noah Webster influenced American society in the late eighteenth century through which of the following means?
Publishing dictionaries and spelling books to make American spelling and grammar more uniform
Which of the following replaced canals as the primary form of transportation in the United States in the nineteenth century?
Railroads
Which of the following spurred the Panic of 1819 in the United States?
Reckless practices pursued by shady state-chartered banks
Politicians from modest backgrounds tended to support which of the following reforms in the 1810's?
Restrictions on imprisonment for debt
On which issue was the Whig philosophy of the 1830's critically different from that of the Federalists in the 1790's?
Rule by an elite based on talent
Which of the following developments spurred the Panic of 1837?
The Bank of England curtailed British investment in the United States
Which of the following arguments did President Jackson offer as a justification for destroying the Second Bank of the United States?
The U.S. government was forced to pay too large a role in managing the bank
Which of the following was the message of Benjamin Franklin's Autobiography, published in full in 1818?
The suggestion that an industrious man could become wealthy
Why did a group of prominent citizens found the American Colonization Society in 1817?
They aimed to encourage Southern planters to emancipate their slaves for resettlement in Africa
Which of the following statements describes transportation in the trans-Appalachian West in the early nineteenth century?
Water transport was the quickest and cheapest way to get goods to market
In the early 1800's, which group would have endorsed Thomas Jefferson's and Benjamin Rush's proposals for comprehensive public education?
Wealthy New England merchants
In the election of 1840, Whigs boosted their electoral hopes by appealing to which of the following groups?
Women
Which of the following describes the textile industry that was emerging in New England and the Middle Atlantic states in the 1780's?
the industry relied on a outwork system that combined mills and household labor
In the U.S. Supreme Court case of Worcester v. Georgia (1832), John Marshall and the Court majority issues a decision that
upheld Indian nations' political authority in their communities
Who replaced the Lowell Mill workers when they refused in the 1830's to work until conditions improved?
Irish immigrants
Which of the following describes the new industrial system that developed in early nineteenth-century America?
It brought workers together under one roof in a factory
Why did Congress approve funds for the construction of the National Road in 1806?
To link midwestern settlers to the seaboard states
Which of the following statements characterizes the emergence of the textile industry in the United States?
Using British textile machinery as their model, American textile producers built their own textile mills in New England and ultimately improved on British technology
Which of the following describes the publication Letters from an American Farmer?
A book written by a French essayist in 1782 that praised American egalitarianism and condemned European aristocracy
What was the Second Great Awakening that took place in the United States in the nineteenth century?
A long-lasting religious revival that made the United States a genuinely religious society
On whom did President Jackson rely for political advice?
An informal group called the Kitchen Cabinet
How did the spread of industrialization in the United States during the 1820's and 1830's affect skilled artisans?
As machines changes the nature of their work, shoemakers, hatters, printers, furniture makers, and weavers faced declining income, job insecurity, and loss of status
Which of the following describes the state of Southern society in the early nineteenth century?
Because hard work was associated with slaves, white men resented doing physical labor
How did evangelical Christians spread religious revival during the Second Great Awakening?
By holding large camp meetings
How did the federal government aid the growth of American industry in the first half of the nineteenth century?
By passing protective tariffs
In theory, companionate marriage gave wives equality of rank and fortune but did not solve the issue of
Domestic tyranny
Why did a national market emerge in the United States between the 1780's and about 1820?
Entrepreneurs mobilized the large rural workforce to manufacture and distribute goods throughout the United States
Which of the following factors contributed to the sharp decline in American birthrate from 1790 to 1820?
Fathers' desire for fewer children in order to ensure the adequacy of their inheritances
John Jacob Astor a Prominent New York merchant of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, made his fortune in which trade?
Fur
Which of the following describe John Tyler and his presidency?
He so angered Whigs that he was kicked out of the party while president
Why did Andrew Jackson veto the bill to recharter the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?
He thought it interfered with the rights of states and the liberties of the people
Through which of the following movements did evangelical reformers succeed in effecting substantial legal and cultural transformations in early nineteenth-century America?
Immigration reform
The Trail of Tears was the direct consequence of which of the following government actions?
Indian Removal Act of 1830
Nativist fears were directed mostly as which of the following groups in early and mid-nineteenth-century America?
Irish immigrants
Which of the following statements describes Jackson's veto of the bill rechartering the Second Bank of the United States in 1832?
It was a popular move, blending constitutional arguments, an appeal to patriotism, and a class rhetoric
Which of the following statements characterizes the Second Bank of the United States in 1830's?
Its cautious monetary policy pleased bankers, creditors, and East Coast entrepreneurs, who funded economic development
Which of the following statements characterizes Andrew Jackson's intentions toward Native Americans during his presidency?
Jackson meant to remove all Native Americans east of the Mississippi, even those who had adapted to white society
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, written by John C. Calhoun, bore a similarity to the argument made by which of the following people?
Jefferson and Madison in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Which of the following statements characterizes the American political system directly after the American Revolution?
Notables manages local elections through their personal connections
In the early republic, Benjamin Rush and other leaders argued that women should be educated so they could do which of the following?
Oversee the instruction of their sons in the principles of liberty and government
The power of elected officials to grant government jobs to party members in return for their loyalty is known as which of the following systems?
Patronage
What aspect of early nineteenth-century American government had the founders condemned as contrary to republican ideals?
Political parties
The 1832 Ordinance of Nullification was based on which of the following beliefs?
States had the right to determine which congressional laws they would enforce
By the 1830's, coal and metal manufacturers increasingly used which of the following to run machinery?
Steam engines
Which of the following elements defined the Democrats under Andrew Jackson?
Support for average Americans
Through which of the following sources did the U.S. Treasury raise most of its revenue during the first half of the 1800's?
Tariffs on imported goods
What did the Twelfth Amendment to the Constitution specify should be done in an election like the election of 1824, in which no presidential candidate received a majority of the electoral votes?
The House of Representatives decides the outcome
Which of the following statements characterizes the presidential campaign of 1840?
The Whigs' campaign was a carnival of speeches, parades, and mass meetings to demonstrate the man-of-the-people qualities of their presidential candidate
How did the appearance of canals and steamboats in the United States affect the flow of goods and information during the 1830s?
The canals and steam boats cut in half most travel and communication time
Which of the following statements characterizes the American party system by the early 1840's?
The practice of Americans voting for a particular party along ethnic and religious lines began to emerge
Which of these inventions spurred the growth of agriculture in the Midwest in the 1840s?
The steel plow
What did bankers, land speculators, and entrepreneurs in the 1820s to the 1840s have in common?
They demanded government assistance for their business enterprises
Why did several eastern states expand suffrage in the 1810s?
They wanted to discourage westward migration
Which of these describes the experiences of the young women who worked in the New England textile mills in the 1820's and 1830's?
They were able to save their wages for later use or to help out their families
President Martin Van Buren responded to the Panic of 1837 by
adopting a hands-off, limited-government stance
Andrew Jackson and his supporters won the election in 1828 in part by
calling themselves Democrats to portray a more egalitarian image