APUSH Period 1

Spanish caste system

1. Spaniards 2. Mestizos- mix of spanish and native American 3. Mulatto- euroe an and African 4. Zambo- African and native american

Dividing the americas

1493 Pope drew vertical line on map, Spain got west and Portugal got east 1494- new line drawn

Slave trading

15th century Portugal began trading from west africa Produced sugar from slave labor

Marroon Community

Africans that escaped from slavery in America's and created permanent, independent settlement

Incas

Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru, created their own calendar

3 reason Columbus was a hero

Brought 1st contact with the new world that lasted Led to Colombian exchange, profited europe Led to establishment that would be permanent

English claims

Cabot in Newfoundland in 1497 Roanoke island in north Carolina in 1587 but failed

Aztecs

Capital was Tenochtitlan in central Mexico

What was the impact of the Catholic victory in Spain and the European reformation in north america?

Catholic victory in Spain showed clearly the intolerance for non catholics. Reformation had an impact because many people traveled to Noirth America for religious "freedom" and to spread their religion.

Identify on cause and effect of spanish settlement in North america

Cause: searching for a way to acquire gold and spread their faith Effect: led to native American population decreasing and increasing wealth for spain

nation-states

Countries where majority of people share common culture and loyalty towards government Monarchs depended on trade to stay in power and used power for exploration

Spanish Policy

Entered Aztec and Inca empires Natives died from disease and from slavery/forced labor Explorers intermarriage with natives Class system developed

English policy

Established colonies in areas without large population of natives Many colonists came with their families English coexistence with natives

Spain

God, glory, gold St. augustune in 1565 to protect claims and other ports

All-water route to India

Going around Africa or sailing west to China across Atlantic Portugal went around africa, Spain went west

Christopher Columbus

He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India. Funded by ferdinand and isabella of spain Found little gold and no path to china/india

Southwest settlements

Hokokan, Anasazi, Pueblo Dry

Cultures of North American Indians

In 1490 population was 1-10 million Societies smaller and less sophisticated with no more than 300 people Crops like corn, bean, squash

Explain why 1607 is a major turning point in United States history.

Jamestown settlement was established and lead to other Europeans making the Americas their home, increasing immigration

French claims

Louisiana (midwest US) and New France (Quebec)

Native American reaction

Native Americans were not unified and did not have a unified resistance Some tribes allied themselves with A european power to gain support and survive -or- migrated to new land to avoid invasion

Improvements in technology

Renaissance 15 and 16th century Gunpowder, sailing compass, advancements in shipbuilding and map making Printing press

California

San Diego in 1769 and San Francisco in 1776

New Mexico

Santa fe was capital of new Mexico in 1610 Pueblo revolt in 1680

Identify one key similarity and one key difference between societies that developed in central and south America to those that developed in North america

Similarity: established farming system, culture, and language Difference: societies in north america were smaller and less sophisticated

Identify 3 major consequences of european contact with American Indians?

Slavery among native Americans Death from disease/war Displacement from invading europeans

Florida

St augustine in 1565, oldest city in America from Spain

Animism

The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits

Spanish exploration and conquest

Vasco Nunez de Balboa Magellan- circumnavigate the world Cortes- conquest of the aztecs

French policy

Viewed America's as economic and military allies Maintained good relations with natives Fur trading

Joint stock company

a company in which investors buy stock in return for a share of its future profits provided encouragement for companies to take risk and send money to America's and their settlements

Caravel

a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries. mor advanced and fadter

In what ways did native people's transform North American environment before European colonization?

architecture agriculture trails tools

Bartolomeo de Las casas

believed native americans should not be treated as slaves because they were Christians, but advocated African slavery

How did new technology enable Columbus to dominate the new world?

by allowing him to be physically stronger than natives and become an authoritarian figure

Three-sister farming practice

corn, beans, squash basis of civilization

How did european. expansion impact native American society?

disease horses many does from displacement and war

3 Motivations for overseas exploration in the 1500s

gold glory God

Texas

grew in early 1700 to resist french

Northeast settlements

hunting and farming Iroquois confederacy

Columbian Exchange

increased slavery technology new products new crops transfer of diseases pop. growth in Europe

Northwest settlements

long houses and plank houses rich diet Nez Perce

Dutch claims

new amsterdam

How did european expansion impact european society?

new products disease gold/wealth

Great Plains

nomadic hunting/farms tepees/earth lodges buffalo were plenty Sioux

How effective were native Americans in overcoming the negative aspects of european policies?

not effective due to lack of unification to resists and would migrate and face displacement

Black legend

portrays the Spaniards as cruel and unfair to the native americans

Spanish mission system

series of religious outposts established by spain to spread Christianity

Encomienda System

the right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area.

Which of the following factors best explains why native americans efforts to unite were rare?

tribes had traditions of independence