APUSH Period 1
Spanish caste system
1. Spaniards 2. Mestizos- mix of spanish and native American 3. Mulatto- euroe an and African 4. Zambo- African and native american
Dividing the americas
1493 Pope drew vertical line on map, Spain got west and Portugal got east 1494- new line drawn
Slave trading
15th century Portugal began trading from west africa Produced sugar from slave labor
Marroon Community
Africans that escaped from slavery in America's and created permanent, independent settlement
Incas
Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru, created their own calendar
3 reason Columbus was a hero
Brought 1st contact with the new world that lasted Led to Colombian exchange, profited europe Led to establishment that would be permanent
English claims
Cabot in Newfoundland in 1497 Roanoke island in north Carolina in 1587 but failed
Aztecs
Capital was Tenochtitlan in central Mexico
What was the impact of the Catholic victory in Spain and the European reformation in north america?
Catholic victory in Spain showed clearly the intolerance for non catholics. Reformation had an impact because many people traveled to Noirth America for religious "freedom" and to spread their religion.
Identify on cause and effect of spanish settlement in North america
Cause: searching for a way to acquire gold and spread their faith Effect: led to native American population decreasing and increasing wealth for spain
nation-states
Countries where majority of people share common culture and loyalty towards government Monarchs depended on trade to stay in power and used power for exploration
Spanish Policy
Entered Aztec and Inca empires Natives died from disease and from slavery/forced labor Explorers intermarriage with natives Class system developed
English policy
Established colonies in areas without large population of natives Many colonists came with their families English coexistence with natives
Spain
God, glory, gold St. augustune in 1565 to protect claims and other ports
All-water route to India
Going around Africa or sailing west to China across Atlantic Portugal went around africa, Spain went west
Christopher Columbus
He mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to India. Funded by ferdinand and isabella of spain Found little gold and no path to china/india
Southwest settlements
Hokokan, Anasazi, Pueblo Dry
Cultures of North American Indians
In 1490 population was 1-10 million Societies smaller and less sophisticated with no more than 300 people Crops like corn, bean, squash
Explain why 1607 is a major turning point in United States history.
Jamestown settlement was established and lead to other Europeans making the Americas their home, increasing immigration
French claims
Louisiana (midwest US) and New France (Quebec)
Native American reaction
Native Americans were not unified and did not have a unified resistance Some tribes allied themselves with A european power to gain support and survive -or- migrated to new land to avoid invasion
Improvements in technology
Renaissance 15 and 16th century Gunpowder, sailing compass, advancements in shipbuilding and map making Printing press
California
San Diego in 1769 and San Francisco in 1776
New Mexico
Santa fe was capital of new Mexico in 1610 Pueblo revolt in 1680
Identify one key similarity and one key difference between societies that developed in central and south America to those that developed in North america
Similarity: established farming system, culture, and language Difference: societies in north america were smaller and less sophisticated
Identify 3 major consequences of european contact with American Indians?
Slavery among native Americans Death from disease/war Displacement from invading europeans
Florida
St augustine in 1565, oldest city in America from Spain
Animism
The belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits
Spanish exploration and conquest
Vasco Nunez de Balboa Magellan- circumnavigate the world Cortes- conquest of the aztecs
French policy
Viewed America's as economic and military allies Maintained good relations with natives Fur trading
Joint stock company
a company in which investors buy stock in return for a share of its future profits provided encouragement for companies to take risk and send money to America's and their settlements
Caravel
a small, fast Spanish or Portuguese sailing ship of the 15th-17th centuries. mor advanced and fadter
In what ways did native people's transform North American environment before European colonization?
architecture agriculture trails tools
Bartolomeo de Las casas
believed native americans should not be treated as slaves because they were Christians, but advocated African slavery
How did new technology enable Columbus to dominate the new world?
by allowing him to be physically stronger than natives and become an authoritarian figure
Three-sister farming practice
corn, beans, squash basis of civilization
How did european. expansion impact native American society?
disease horses many does from displacement and war
3 Motivations for overseas exploration in the 1500s
gold glory God
Texas
grew in early 1700 to resist french
Northeast settlements
hunting and farming Iroquois confederacy
Columbian Exchange
increased slavery technology new products new crops transfer of diseases pop. growth in Europe
Northwest settlements
long houses and plank houses rich diet Nez Perce
Dutch claims
new amsterdam
How did european expansion impact european society?
new products disease gold/wealth
Great Plains
nomadic hunting/farms tepees/earth lodges buffalo were plenty Sioux
How effective were native Americans in overcoming the negative aspects of european policies?
not effective due to lack of unification to resists and would migrate and face displacement
Black legend
portrays the Spaniards as cruel and unfair to the native americans
Spanish mission system
series of religious outposts established by spain to spread Christianity
Encomienda System
the right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area.
Which of the following factors best explains why native americans efforts to unite were rare?
tribes had traditions of independence