GP Chapter's 13,14,15 Study Set
EXCEPT for traditional _____, most therapies may also occur in small groups
psychoanalysis
An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are _____ and _____.
specific; temporary
This is a behavior therapy commonly used to treat phobias.
systematic Desensitization
Research on deep brain stimulation has revealed that with respect to active brain areas, depression can be _____ in the brain.
highly localized
It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because clients:
may need to believe the therapy was worth the effort
With respect to schizophrenia, disorganized speech is to decreased speech as _____ is to _____.
positive symptom; negative symptom
Last week, Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. Amazingly, he did not seem worried beforehand, and he showed no signs of autonomic nervous system arousal. In addition, Tate seems to lack a conscience for wrongdoing. It is possible that Tate would be diagnosed as having:
Antisocial Personality Disorder
A principal is looking for advice on how to improve his relationships with the teachers in his school. Carl Rogers might suggest which of the following?
Be Genuine with them and show them Unconditional Positive regard
Ross often interrupts his elementary school teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Ross most clearly exhibits symptoms of:
ADHD
Whose therapy teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking and acting, and is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions?
Aaron Beck
_____ emphasized the interaction among behavior, conscious cognitive processes, and social experiences in the personality theory called the social-cognitive perspective.
Albert Bandura
Which approach to personality focuses primarily on describing individual personality characteristics?
The trait perspective
Artie has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it was not him and that he knows nothing about the crime, as another one of his personalities must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Artie does not suffer from _____, as the original personality generally denies awareness of the others.
Dissociative Personality Disorder
Defensive self-esteem is to _____________ as secure self-esteem is to sturdiness.
Fragility
Which of the following individuals attributes differences in children's shyness and inhibition to their autonomic nervous system reactivity?
Jerome Kagan
_____ is our characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Personality
A psychological disorder affects all of the following EXCEPT:
Social Roles
Most of Luke's friends look at him with respect. He is self-aware, self-accepting, and open. He is spontaneous and caring and does not worry about other people's opinions. According to Abraham Maslow, it is likely that Luke is motivated by:
The Need for Self- actualization
Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?
anorexia
Yvonne works for a government agency where she treats those who have psychological disorders. In order to do this, she has a Psy.D. When she was younger, she also had a supervised internship and postdoctoral training. Yvonne is MOST likely a:
clinical psychologist.
Roxanne suffers from severe anxiety. Her therapist believes in utilizing only empirically supported treatments to treat anxiety such as:
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
A version of cognitive behavioral therapy called _____ therapy helps change harmful, even suicidal behavior patterns.
dialectical behavior
The therapeutically effective component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) may not be the eye movements but rather:
exposure therapy.
Dr. Ramos is a client-centered therapist. Her type of therapy is empirically supported for the treatment of:
mild depression.
Lindsey is a physician who specializes in the treatment of psychological disorders. She is an MD and can prescribe medication. Lindsey is MOST likely a:
psychiatrist.
_____ is the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.
psychopharmacology
For a recovering alcoholic, Alcoholics Anonymous may be beneficial because the group meetings:
reduce isolation.
The ability to cope with stress and recover from adversity is called _____.
resilience
A patient at a mental health clinic is suffering from involuntary movements of his facial muscles and tongue. It is possible that this _____ is a side effect of his long-term use of antipsychotic medication.
tardive dyskinesia
Winnie feels a close emotional bond with her therapist. She trusts her therapist, and feels that her therapist truly understands her. Winnie's feelings BEST reflect:
the therapeutic alliance.
In the revised edition of the DSM, what significant change was made regarding "autism"?
It was Combined with Asburger Syndrome
Symptoms of _____ disorder include recurring haunting memories and nightmares, numbness of feeling, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and trouble sleeping.
PTSD
______________ is to anxiety as a(n) hurricane is to a windy day.
Panic Disorder
_____ refers to the positive psychological changes that result from struggling with extremely challenging circumstances.
Posttraumatic growth
Continued dieting after significant weight loss is common in individuals with _____ nervosa.
anorexia
Episodes of overeating (typically high-calorie foods) followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with:
bulimia nervosa.
Malika sees her therapist every other week. When she is at her therapist's office, she feels accepted and can share everything with her therapist. While her therapist listens to what Malika has to say without judgment, he also seeks understanding by paraphrasing as well as asking for clarification. Malika's therapist is using which therapeutic approach?
client-centered therapy
Dr. Wagner works in a large hospital. She specializes in treating adolescents with eating disorders. She prescribes antidepressants and, occasionally, antianxiety medication for some of her patients. Based on this information, Dr. Wagner is a:
psychiatrist.
These are physicians who specialize in the treatment of psychological disorders; not all have had extensive training in psychotherapy, but as MDs or D.O.s they can prescribe medications.
psychiatrists
In promoting personality growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes everything EXCEPT:
Identification
Card players who attribute their wins to their own skill and their losses to bad luck best illustrate:
Self Serving Bias
Erum suffers from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her therapist has an eclectic approach and decides to use _____ treatments that have shown the greatest success with this disorder.
Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy
Psychotherapy is _____________ when compared with the cost of medical care that people with psychologically related complaints otherwise seek and the social cost of untreated psychological problems.
Cost-Effective
Helping people manage the tension between acceptance and change is at the heart of a newer type of therapy called _____ therapy.
dialectical behavior
Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Patricia has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa. Which of the following is a key characteristic of her eating disorder?
Binge Eating and purging by self induced vomiting
Like alcohol, antianxiety drugs work by:
depressing central nervous system activity
The police brought Francis to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Francis was also spending large amounts of money across town and had been rude and reckless over the last five days. In the ER, Francis would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Francis is most likely suffering from:
Bipolar Disorder
___________ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.
Bipolar Disorder
_____ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.
Bipolar disorder
Treating our mind and body as independent entities seems especially inappropriate to those who take a ________ approach to therapy.
Bippsychosocial
Shantay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders blood work and a brain scan. The imaging is likely to show:
Catatonia
Clint is homeless, hungry, and desperate for food and shelter. He will do almost anything to satisfy these needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Clint will ignore his other needs, which are:
Cliff will Ignore all of these needs until his food and shelter is met
Aaron Beck's _____ therapy teaches people new and more adaptive ways of thinking. It is based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.
Cognitive
Shantay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders blood work and a brain scan. The imaging is likely to show:
Extremely high Levels of Activity across the brain
Who touched off the debate about psychotherapy's effectiveness when he summarized 24 studies of psychotherapy outcomes?
Eysenck
Psychologists have used _____________ to assess whether a single personality trait (e.g., extraversion) is reflected in a cluster of characteristics (e.g., sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate).
Factor Analysis
Melissa's therapist told her to relax and spontaneously say whatever thoughts or images came to her mind. Her therapist was using the traditional psychoanalytic technique of:
Free Association
Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from symptoms of a seasonal pattern of depression?
Light Therapy
Megan refuses to leave her house because she is fearful of being exposed to germs. Megan's behavior is considered _____ because it interferes with normal day-to-day life.
Maladaptive
Amber remembers a dream in which she boarded a train that entered a dark tunnel. According to Sigmund Freud's theory, the dream images that Angela remembers, such as the train and the tunnel, are called the _____ content.
Manifest
Spencer has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His parents have a difficult time understanding him because his speech is fragmented and bizarre. He jumps from one idea to another, sometimes within sentences, creating a:
Word Salad
Who were the neo-Freudians?
a group of personality theorists who recognized the importance of many of the basic principles of Freudian psychoanalytic theory but went on to develop their own personality theories
Leigh is a diligent clinician. In order to provide her clients with the best therapy she can provide she keeps up to date on the latest psychotherapy research. She also takes into consideration her patients' values, characteristics, preferences, and circumstances. Finally, she is also mindful of her own expertise. Leigh is using which approach in clinical decision making?
evidence-based practice
This treatment was originally performed without a general anesthetic and muscle relaxant prior to treatment.
electroconvulsive therapy
Approximately _____ percent of New York City residents experienced a dysfunctional stress reaction to the events of September 11, 2001.
10
Being born during the winter and spring months increases the risk of schizophrenia by ______ percent.
5 to 8
A useful feature of group therapy is that it:
encourages clients to improve their communication skills
divergent thinking
expanding the number of possible solutions to a problem
Marla is depressed and blames herself for her recent job loss. Her therapist suggests that her depression results from this self-blame, since Marla isn't considering perfectly plausible external factors, such as the slumping economy. Her therapist's approach best illustrates a:
Learned Helplessness
Early signs of antisocial behavior in children include:
Low Development of conditioned fears
Which individual is MOST likely to benefit from the use of lithium?
Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness, followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement
According to Hans and Sybil Eysenck, the individual variation that is apparent across people can be reduced to several dimensions, including:
extraversion- introversion
Nate typically responds to stress in a calm and thoughtful manner. Chandler usually becomes agitated. The reactions of Nate and Chandler to stress indicate that each has a distinctive:
Personality
Junko is always worrying about the current problems and concerns in her life. Junko's constant overthinking and fretting is known as _____; it is linked to depression.
Rumination
_____ can be adaptive when it helps us focus intently on a problem.
Rummination
Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching to see how long it takes her to grow another. Mrs. Higgins is MOST likely suffering from:
Schizophrenia
States of depression are found in _____ disorder.
both major depressive disorder and bipolar
Drew's therapist believes in using only empirically supported therapies for treating his insomnia. His therapist will probably use _____ therapy.
cognitive
Cognition
all the mental activities associated
Tina has an extremely clean dorm room and disciplined study habits. She keeps no clutter on her desk, she awakens very early to keep up with her schoolwork, and her car is spotless. Given your knowledge of her behavior, which of the following Big Five personality traits does she exhibit MOST?
conscientiousness
On average, psychotherapy is _____ when compared with the costs of biomedical treatment for psychologically related complaints.
cost-effective
Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is probably attributable to:
cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness
Antipsychotic drugs are to _____ as a cork is to a _____
dopamine receptors; bottle
A patient who experiences bipolar disorder may be hesitant to try a mood stabilizer because the:
drug mechanism is unknown.
John is a 28-year-old male who suffers from bipolar disorder. He does not like lithium because of the side effects. His doctor prescribes this medication, originally used to treat epilepsy. This medication is:
Depakote.
Fernando was reprimanded for an accounting error by his boss in front of his co-workers. When Fernando gets home from his job he yells at his oldest son for not having dinner ready. His son then yells at the younger children for leaving their toys all over the house. This ripple effect best illustrates a defense mechanism known as:
Displacement
Dr. Barlow states that most individuals wish to become better people and that today's problems are more important than the experiences of the past. Dr. Barlow's beliefs are MOST consistent with _____ therapy.
Humanistic
Nancy's therapist is an active listener who often paraphrases what she says. He does not judge her and is quite open to her exploration of her weaknesses. He gives her appropriate validation and encourages her to reflect on her feelings. He wants to deepen her self-understanding. Her therapy is MOST likely:
Humanistic
Which theories focus on inner capacities for growth and self-fulfillment?
Humanistic Theories
Jessie spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of a(n) _____ disorder.
Obsessive Compulsive
Self-esteem refers to:
Our feelings of high or low self worth
"The thief thinks everyone else is a thief." This is an example of which defense mechanism?
Projection
An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are:
Specific and Temporary
Identify the understanding of psychological disorders as having physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital.
The Medical Model
According to Gordon Allport, personality should be described in terms of:
Traits
The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ____________ in this disorder.
Viral Infections in the Mothers Pregnancy
Although Sam is frequently caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty or remorseful about his actions. According to Freud, Sam most clearly demonstrates a(n):
Weak superego
A psychologist gets an email referral from a prospective client whose name is Devon. Devon complains of stress, fatigue, and apathy. The psychologist asks if Devon is male or female. Why did the psychologist consider this important to know?
Women are more likely to experience Depression
As a parent, Wendy is skeptical of treatments that sound too good to be true. When she arrives at the psychologist's office, she asks about effective treatment for bed-wetting because her 6-year-old son has been having difficulties. She learns that _____ is the empirically supported treatment.
behavior conditioning
Reinforcing desired behaviors, and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is known as:.
behavior modification.
A treatment for major depressive disorder called _____, involves the surgical implantation of a device that delivers brief, intermittent electrical stimulation in the neural hub that bridges the thinking frontal lobes to the limbic system, which in turn calms this area down.
deep Brain Stimulation
Blake's doctor told her that she should not drink alcohol while taking Xanax. This is because antianxiety agents such as Xanax _____ nervous system activity.
depress central
This is an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a coin or a button of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange these coins or buttons for various privileges or treats.
Token Economy
Free association, dream interpretation, and transference are associated with:
Traditional Psychoalalysis
Your 5-year-old niece loves to pretend she is a scientist. She also enjoys pretending she is a horse trainer. These pretend games allow children to
Try Out Many possible Selves
People who suffer from generalized anxiety disorder:
are tense and apprehensive all of the time
Cam is seeking help for his alcohol abuse. He lives with his wife at home. Cam consults a behavior therapist, who is MOST likely to recommend:
aversion therapy.
In _____, the goal is to substitute a negative response for a positive response to a harmful stimulus
aversive conditioning
A therapist takes notes during a free association session with a client so that he or she may help the client develop insight into unconscious conflicts and motivations. The therapist is BEST described as engaged in:
interpretation
Glenn suffers from depression. He frequently thinks of situations as overwhelmingly bad, with no hope of future improvement. Glenn would most benefit from _____ therapy.
Aaron Beck's cognitive
Calvin is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. Calvin's behavior BEST illustrates _____ personality disorder.
Antisical Personalty
The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with:
Bipolar Disorder
Which psychologist is MOST likely to agree with the idea that dreams offer valuable clues to the unconscious mind?
Dr. Dominguez, a psychoanalytic therapist
Susan's mother suffered from the flu during her pregnancy with Susan. Statistically, this increases Susan's risk of later developing schizophrenia. Maternal influenza is an example of a(n) _____ factor because it may influence the expression of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.
Epigenetic
PET scans illustrate reduced activity in the ____________ of a murderer's cortex.
Frontal Lobe
The most controversial dissociative disorder involves the presence of two or more distinct identities. This disorder is called:
Social-cognative Perspective
In his introductory psychology class, Jakob has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he isn't yet informed about some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to a multiple personality split rather than a:
Split from Reality
_____ is the therapeutic technique developed by _____. The goal of this type of therapy is to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts.
Psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud
Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths, rather than her weaknesses, and to develop a habit of thanking others when they complement her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach BEST illustrates:
cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Which of the following is one of the main predictors of mental disorders?
Poverty
The goal of an approach to psychotherapy known as _____ is to help patients gain insight into repressed impulses and conflicts
Psychoanalysis
With _____________, depressed patients receive repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain, which can be used to stimulate activity in various areas of the brain.
Repetitive transactional Magnetic Stimulation
A psychoanalyst would use the term _____ to describe the tendency for some people to crack jokes when the conversation gets heavy.
Resistance
During his weekly therapy sessions, Colin finds it very difficult to talk about childhood memories. He often pauses before mentioning embarrassing moments, or simply forgets important details. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:
Resistance
Abigail was attacked by a fierce dog and later developed a fear of all dogs. This best illustrates:
Stimulus Generalization
After three days of taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), Dennis is disappointed because he is not feeling any better. However, it generally may take up to _____ week(s) for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect.
four