APUSH Period 8

https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0187_4373_bce1_639449dedaae_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg 2016 Cengage Learning Post-War Migration to the Sunbelt and West Coast Which of the following best describes the impact of the migration shown on the map? A) A shift in the geographic focus of political power B) A decline in the role of liberalism in American government C) A change in the balance of power between minorities and white Americans D) An acceleration of technological change

A) A shift in the geographic focus of political power

"The experience of a 'détente' in American-Soviet relations in the 1970s ultimately failed for a number of reasons, including an underlying difference in conceptions of détente: The American leaders saw it (in Kissinger's words)as a way of 'managing the emergence of Soviet power' into world politics in an age of nuclear parity; the Soviet leaders, for their part, envisaged it as a way of managing the transition of the United States from its former superiority into a more modest role in world politics... Ultimately disillusionment affected the leaderships on both sides... and the détente commitment was not only devalued but used as the basis for additional hostile charges against the other side." Raymond L. Garthoff, "Détente and Confrontation: American-Soviet Relations from Nixon to Reagan," 1982 The foreign policy era described in this excerpt reflects A) American attempts to pursue a policy of containment and increasingly complex international conditions B) the United States' desires to form multilateral economic frameworks to promote peace C) a general decline in the "military industrial complex" amid widespread debate D) the growing trend toward dealignment among emerging nations in the Middle East.

A) American attempts to pursue a policy of containment and increasingly complex international conditions

https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0187_4373_bce1_639449dedaae_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg 2016 Cengage Learning Post-War Migration to the Sunbelt and West Coast Which of the following factors most directly motivated the migration shown in this map? A) Economic development B) The growth of higher education C) Desegregation D) The conservation movement

A) Economic development

"As...Negroes fought for entry into American society,[the Beats] passively withdrew from the surrounding nation... [they] listened to poetry readings, listened to jazz,... opted for poverty, refused to be anchored down by family obligations, and developed a literary style marked by run-on, stream-of-consciousness sentences... The Beats rejected straight society. Overthrow it-its morality, its patriotism, its family structure, its capitalism, its Christianity, its taboos... Socially alienated and ideologically inarticulate, the Beats represented radicalism of the cultural rather than the political. Daniel Flynn, A Conservative History of the American Left, 2009 Which of the following changes would the group described in the excerpt have most strongly opposed? A) Expansion of middle-class suburbs B) Campaigns to limit pollution C) The rise of equality movements for women and gays D) Efforts to eliminate poverty

A) Expansion of middle-class suburbs

"[But] somewhere between 40,000,000 and 50,000,000 citizens of [the United States]... [are] poor... It is a blow to reform and the political hopes of the poor that the middle class no longer understands that poverty exists... What shall we tell the American poor?...Shall we say to them that they are better off than the Indian poor? That is one answer ,but it is heartless...The means are at hand to fulfill the age-old dream: poverty can now be abolished." Michael Harrington, The Other America, 1962 Which of the following stands in most direct contrast to the message of this excerpt? A) American economic optimism following World War 2 B) The rise of liberalism in the 1960s C) The challenges faced by civil rights activists D) Images advanced by the popular media

A) Perceptions of America's economic well-being following World War II

"Women have many careers, but only one vocation-motherhood... It is for woman as mother, actual or vicarious, to restore emotional security in our insecure world... Today, however, the duties of the homemaker have become so depreciated that many women feel impelled to work outside the home-even when it is not economically necessary-in order to retain the respect of the community... What ails these women who reject their children? Surface influences of a competitive, materialistic world have atrophied their emotions and destroyed their instinctive reactions." Agnes Meyer, "Women Aren't Men," Reader's Digest, 1950 The author of this excerpt would agree most with the idealization of women's role in which of the following movements? A) Republican Motherhood B) Separate Spheres C) Progressivism D) Social Darwinism

A) Republican Motherhood

"Why are we in South Viet-Nam? We are there because we have a promise to keep. Since 1954 every American President has offered support to the people of South Viet-Nam. We have helped to build, and we have helped to defend. Thus, over many years, we have made a national pledge to help South Viet-Nam defend its independence...We are also there because there are great stakes in the balance. Let no one think for a moment that retreat from Viet-Nam would bring an end to conflict. The battle would be renewed in one country and then another." President Lyndon B. Johnson, Speech at Johns Hopkins University, 1965 Which of the following most accurately describes the response to the issue discussed by Johnson in the excerpt? A) Widespread antiwar protests B) Broad consensus over the nation's Cold War strategy of containment C) Outcry against the nation's failure to support democracy D) Open debate about collective security

A) Widespread antiwar protests

"This unwarranted exercise of power by the court [in Brown v. Board of Education] contrary to the Constitution, is creating chaos and confusion in the states principally affected. It is destroying the amicable relations between the white and Negro races that have been created through ninety years of patient effort by the good people of both races... Without regard to the consent of the governed, outside agitators are threatening immediate and revolutionary changes in our public school systems...We decry the Supreme Court's encroachments on rights reserved to the states and to the people, contrary to established law and to the Constitution." Manifesto of One Hundred Members of the U.S. Congress, 1956 The central complaint of this manifesto referenced the Supreme Court's decision to A) desegregate schools. B) ban racial discrimination. C) prevent nonviolent protests. D) call for economic equality.

A) desegregate schools.

"The experience of a 'détente' in American-Soviet relations in the 1970s ultimately failed for a number of reasons, including an underlying difference in conceptions of détente: The American leaders saw it (in Kissinger's words)as a way of 'managing the emergence of Soviet power' into world politics in an age of nuclear parity; the Soviet leaders, for their part, envisaged it as a way of managing the transition of the United States from its former superiority into a more modest role in world politics... Ultimately disillusionment affected the leaderships on both sides... and the détente commitment was not only devalued but used as the basis for additional hostile charges against the other side." Detente, as described in the excerpt, contrasted most significantly with the A) military confrontations in Korea and Vietnam. B) support of Latin-American regimes that opposed Communism. C) ideological conflicts concerning the Middle East. D) growth of an international economic network.

A) military confrontations in Korea and Vietnam.

https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0184_f982_bce1_c552aabe27b6_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg Fred W. McDarrah/Getty Images The movement depicted above was most similar to preceding civil rights movements in its use of A) nonviolent protest. B) the Supreme Court. C) Federal power. D) new legislation.

A) nonviolent protest.

"The conventional wisdom on the origins of the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 suggests that it was primarily a product of the civil rights movement... However, ideational effects of the cold war also played a part in the political developments of 1965... Cold war foreign-policy considerations pressed for increased openness for ethnic minority immigration to reduce tensions with allied (or potential allied)countries, and conversely, civil rights leaders were able to gain leverage for the Civil Rights Act by exploiting this tension and forcing Americans to practice the liberalism reflected in their founding myths." Christopher Rudolph, National Security and Immigration: Policy Development in the United States and Western Europe Since 1945, 2006 The most significant result of the policy change described in the excerpt was that A) significant numbers of international migrants sought opportunities in the United States. B) fears of Communist influences led to general hostility towards immigrants. C) the civil rights movement experienced a philosophical divide over the inclusion of immigrants. D) America's role as an international peacekeeper declined significantly.

A) significant numbers of international migrants sought opportunities in the United States.

"Why are we in South Viet-Nam? We are there because we have a promise to keep. Since 1954 every American President has offered support to the people of South Viet-Nam. We have helped to build, and we have helped to defend. Thus, over many years, we have made a national pledge to help South Viet-Nam defend its independence...We are also there because there are great stakes in the balance. Let no one think for a moment that retreat from Viet-Nam would bring an end to conflict. The battle would be renewed in one country and then another." President Lyndon B. Johnson, Speech at Johns Hopkins University, 1965 The most significant concern of the U.S. government in its involvement in the conflict described by President Johnson was A) stopping the potential spread of Communist Influence B) securing American economic security C) protecting America's position as the most powerful nation on earth D) developing new alliances in Southeast Asia

A) stopping the potential spread of Communist Influence

"Malcom X, one of the most influential Black Nationalist thinkers of the twentieth century, declared... 'The political philosophy of black nationalism is that which is designed to encourage our people, the black people, to gain complete control over the politics and the politicians of our own community.' ...Both scholars and leaders agree on certain central features of Black Nationalist ideology... The crucial distinguishing feature between the nationalists and the integrationists is that nationalists' integration as neither desirable nor likely as a means of achieving black liberation in the United States at the present time." Alphonso Pinkney, Red, Black, and Green: Black Nationalism in the United States, 1979 The movement described in the excerpt most directly called into question A) the effectiveness of nonviolence. B) the value of capitalism. C) black support for the Republican Party. D) the problem of gender discrimination.

A) the effectiveness of nonviolence.

"As...Negroes fought for entry into American society,[the Beats] passively withdrew from the surrounding nation... [they] listened to poetry readings, listened to jazz,... opted for poverty, refused to be anchored down by family obligations, and developed a literary style marked by run-on, stream-of-consciousness sentences... The Beats rejected straight society. Overthrow it-its morality, its patriotism, its family structure, its capitalism, its Christianity, its taboos... Socially alienated and ideologically inarticulate, the Beats represented radicalism of the cultural rather than the political. Daniel Flynn, A Conservative History of the American Left, 2009 The methods of the Beats, as described in the excerpt, demonstrate A) the role of literature and the arts in movements for change. B) the challenge of communicating with the generation of the 1960s. C) the limitations of political reform movements in the Cold War. D) the decline of nonviolent protest as a means for reform.

A) the role of literature and the arts in movements for change.

"As...Negroes fought for entry into American society,[the Beats] passively withdrew from the surrounding nation... [they] listened to poetry readings, listened to jazz,... opted for poverty, refused to be anchored down by family obligations, and developed a literary style marked by run-on, stream-of-consciousness sentences... The Beats rejected straight society. Overthrow it-its morality, its patriotism, its family structure, its capitalism, its Christianity, its taboos... Socially alienated and ideologically inarticulate, the Beats represented radicalism of the cultural rather than the political. Daniel Flynn, A Conservative History of the American Left, 2009 What role would the Cold War play in the rise of the movement described in the excerpt? A) Fear of Communism would lead to increased government intervention in the economy. B) Concerns about subversion would lead to an increasingly homogenous mass culture. C) Conflicts with the Soviet Union would lead to increased involvement abroad. D) Worries about espionage would lead to increased restrictions on immigration.

B) Concerns about subversion would lead to an increasingly homogenous mass culture.

"Women have many careers, but only one vocation-motherhood... It is for woman as mother, actual or vicarious, to restore emotional security in our insecure world... Today, however, the duties of the homemaker have become so depreciated that many women feel impelled to work outside the home-even when it is not economically necessary-in order to retain the respect of the community... What ails these women who reject their children? Surface influences of a competitive, materialistic world have atrophied their emotions and destroyed their instinctive reactions." Agnes Meyer, "Women Aren't Men," Reader's Digest, 1950 Which of the following developments contributed most directly to the concern with the topic in the excerpt? A) The rise of counterculture B) The baby boom C) Urban unrest D) The Great Society

B) The baby boom

https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0184_f982_bce1_c552aabe27b6_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg Fred W. McDarrah/Getty Images Which of the following developments most significantly challenged the success of the movement depicted above? A) The growth of transportation technology B) The growth in political activism among fundamentalist groups C) The growth of the counterculture in the 1960s D) The decline in public trust in government

B) The growth in political activism among fundamentalist groups

"This unwarranted exercise of power by the court [in Brown v. Board of Education] contrary to the Constitution, is creating chaos and confusion in the states principally affected. It is destroying the amicable relations between the white and Negro races that have been created through ninety years of patient effort by the good people of both races... Without regard to the consent of the governed, outside agitators are threatening immediate and revolutionary changes in our public school systems...We decry the Supreme Court's encroachments on rights reserved to the states and to the people, contrary to established law and to the Constitution." Manifesto of One Hundred Members of the U.S. Congress, 1956 The message presented in this excerpt underscores which of the following developments of the post-World War II era? A) The rise efforts to achieve gender equality B) The growth of white resistance movements C) The escalation of antiwar protests D) The increasing tension over the rise of conservatism

B) The growth of white resistance movements

"The conventional wisdom on the origins of the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 suggests that it was primarily a product of the civil rights movement... However, ideational effects of the cold war also played a part in the political developments of 1965... Cold war foreign-policy considerations pressed for increased openness for ethnic minority immigration to reduce tensions with allied (or potential allied)countries, and conversely, civil rights leaders were able to gain leverage for the Civil Rights Act by exploiting this tension and forcing Americans to practice the liberalism reflected in their founding myths." Christopher Rudolph, National Security and Immigration: Policy Development in the United States and Western Europe Since 1945, 2006 Which of the following policy concerns most directly coincided with the policy described in the excerpt? A) The nation's energy policy B) The nation's anti-Communist efforts in Latin America C) The rise of the conservation movement D) The development of a policy of collective security

B) The nation's anti-Communist efforts in Latin America

"[But] somewhere between 40,000,000 and 50,000,000 citizens of [the United States]... [are] poor... It is a blow to reform and the political hopes of the poor that the middle class no longer understands that poverty exists... What shall we tell the American poor?...Shall we say to them that they are better off than the Indian poor? That is one answer ,but it is heartless...The means are at hand to fulfill the age-old dream: poverty can now be abolished." Michael Harrington, The Other America, 1962 Conservative critics of the American government's reaction to the issues described in the excerpt A) argued against the culture of conformity. B) called the efforts a misuse of national authority. C) charged that too little was done to transform economic realities. D) called for increased measures for conservation.

B) called the efforts a misuse of national authority.

"[The Soviets will apply] insistent, unceasing pressure for penetration and command of key positions in administration...of foreign countries... In summary, we have here a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with US...it is desirable and necessary that the internal harmony of our society be disrupted... [and] the international authority of our state be broken, if Soviet power is to be secure... Much depends on health and vigor of our own society... Every courageous and incisive measure to solve internal problems of our own society... is a diplomatic victory over Moscow." George Kennan, "The Long Telegram," 1946 In response to fears like those expressed in the excerpt, Americans would domestically A) call for immediate conservation measures. B) embrace the homogeneity of mass culture. C) challenge conservative policies related to the family. D) reject the authority of the state.

B) embrace the homogeneity of mass culture.

https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0184_f982_bce1_c552aabe27b6_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg Fred W. McDarrah/Getty Images The event depicted above was most directly influenced by the A) Great Society programs aimed at income inequality. B) growth of challenges to inequality elsewhere in the nation. C) Vietnam War protestors as the war escalated. D) baby boom and the corresponding rise of suburbanization.

B) growth of challenges to inequality elsewhere in the nation.

"A government job is a privilege, not a right. There is no reason why men who chum with Communists, who refuse to turn their backs upon traitors, and who are consistently found at the time and place where disaster strikes America and success comes to international Communism, should be given positions of power in government... I have not urged that those whom I have named be put in jail. Once they are exposed so the American people know what they are, they can do but little damage." Senator Joseph McCarthy, The Fight For America, 1952 The controversy over the remarks made by Senator McCarthy would highlight on-going tension between A) expansion and stability. B) liberty and order. C) equality and individualism. D) populism and communism.

B) liberty and order.

"In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Richard M. Nixon, in violation of his constitutional oath faithfully to execute the office of President of the United States...has prevented, obstructed, and impeded the administration of justice, in that: Richard M. Nixon, using the powers of his high office, engaged personally and through his subordinates and agents, in a course of conduct or plan designed to delay, impede, and obstruct the investigation [into the Watergate break in]... to cover up, conceal, and protect those responsible; and to conceal the existence and scope of other unlawful covert activities." Articles of Impeachment, U.S. House Judiciary Committee, 1974 Chief among the political concerns of this time period was the A) rise of informality in U.S. political culture. B) proper balance in the powers of the presidency and the federal government. C) supremacy of state sovereignty over local issues. D) growth of "big government" and the national debt.

B) proper balance in the powers of the presidency and the federal government.

"Malcom X, one of the most influential Black Nationalist thinkers of the twentieth century, declared... 'The political philosophy of black nationalism is that which is designed to encourage our people, the black people, to gain complete control over the politics and the politicians of our own community.' ...Both scholars and leaders agree on certain central features of Black Nationalist ideology... The crucial distinguishing feature between the nationalists and the integrationists is that nationalists' integration as neither desirable nor likely as a means of achieving black liberation in the United States at the present time." Alphonso Pinkney, Red, Black, and Green: Black Nationalism in the United States, 1979 The philosophy described by Pinkney in the excerpt is reflected in A) the Great Migration. B) the Harlem Renaissance. C) Brown v. Board. D) abolitionism.

B) the Harlem Renaissance.

"Why are we in South Viet-Nam? We are there because we have a promise to keep. Since 1954 every American President has offered support to the people of South Viet-Nam. We have helped to build, and we have helped to defend. Thus, over many years, we have made a national pledge to help South Viet-Nam defend its independence...We are also there because there are great stakes in the balance. Let no one think for a moment that retreat from Viet-Nam would bring an end to conflict. The battle would be renewed in one country and then another." President Lyndon B. Johnson, Speech at Johns Hopkins University, 1965 One of the greatest contributing factors to the intensity of the conflict in Vietnam was A) the expansion of collective security agreements B) the rise of a Vietnamese nationalist movement C) a series of oil crises in the region D) the failure of efforts at peaceful, mutual coexistence

B) the rise of a Vietnamese nationalist movement

"Women have many careers, but only one vocation-motherhood... It is for woman as mother, actual or vicarious, to restore emotional security in our insecure world... Today, however, the duties of the homemaker have become so depreciated that many women feel impelled to work outside the home-even when it is not economically necessary-in order to retain the respect of the community... What ails these women who reject their children? Surface influences of a competitive, materialistic world have atrophied their emotions and destroyed their instinctive reactions." Agnes Meyer, "Women Aren't Men," Reader's Digest, 1950 Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the perspective of this excerpt? A) Liberals B) Latinos C) Conservatives D) African-Americans

C) Conservatives

"[The Soviets will apply] insistent, unceasing pressure for penetration and command of key positions in administration...of foreign countries... In summary, we have here a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with US...it is desirable and necessary that the internal harmony of our society be disrupted... [and] the international authority of our state be broken, if Soviet power is to be secure... Much depends on health and vigor of our own society... Every courageous and incisive measure to solve internal problems of our own society... is a diplomatic victory over Moscow." George Kennan, "The Long Telegram," 1946 Which of the following explains the most significant challenge to the United States in light of the nature of the Soviet Union's policies as described by Kennan? A) Shifting international alignments complicated the nation's commitment to containment. B) Europe's war-ravaged economy left the United States in a position of significant power. C) Domestic disputes over war policies threatened the authority of the national government. D) Instability in the global economy upset the balance of power in the United States.

C) Domestic disputes over war policies threatened the authority of the national government.

"Why are we in South Viet-Nam? We are there because we have a promise to keep. Since 1954 every American President has offered support to the people of South Viet-Nam. We have helped to build, and we have helped to defend. Thus, over many years, we have made a national pledge to help South Viet-Nam defend its independence...We are also there because there are great stakes in the balance. Let no one think for a moment that retreat from Viet-Nam would bring an end to conflict. The battle would be renewed in one country and then another." President Lyndon B. Johnson, Speech at Johns Hopkins University, 1965 American efforts in which of the following conflicts most closely resembled the efforts of the United States in the conflict described by President Johnson? A) WW1 B) WW2 C) Korean Conflict D) Conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq

C) Korean Conflict

"As...Negroes fought for entry into American society,[the Beats] passively withdrew from the surrounding nation... [they] listened to poetry readings, listened to jazz,... opted for poverty, refused to be anchored down by family obligations, and developed a literary style marked by run-on, stream-of-consciousness sentences... The Beats rejected straight society. Overthrow it-its morality, its patriotism, its family structure, its capitalism, its Christianity, its taboos... Socially alienated and ideologically inarticulate, the Beats represented radicalism of the cultural rather than the political. Daniel Flynn, A Conservative History of the American Left, 2009 The ideology of the group described in the excerpt would be most nearly reflected in which of the following? A) Civil Rights Activists B) Environmental conservationists C) Members of the young counterculture D) Neoconservatives

C) Members of the young counterculture

"Women have many careers, but only one vocation-motherhood... It is for woman as mother, actual or vicarious, to restore emotional security in our insecure world... Today, however, the duties of the homemaker have become so depreciated that many women feel impelled to work outside the home-even when it is not economically necessary-in order to retain the respect of the community... What ails these women who reject their children? Surface influences of a competitive, materialistic world have atrophied their emotions and destroyed their instinctive reactions." Agnes Meyer, "Women Aren't Men," Reader's Digest, 1950 Which of the following developments would most directly challenge the perspective of this excerpt? A) Media depictions of the nuclear family B) The growth of evangelical organizations C) The counterculture movement D) The movement towards suburbanization

C) The counterculture movement

"[But] somewhere between 40,000,000 and 50,000,000 citizens of [the United States]... [are] poor... It is a blow to reform and the political hopes of the poor that the middle class no longer understands that poverty exists... What shall we tell the American poor?...Shall we say to them that they are better off than the Indian poor? That is one answer ,but it is heartless...The means are at hand to fulfill the age-old dream: poverty can now be abolished." Michael Harrington, The Other America, 1962 What was the most significant response of the United States' government to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt? A) The expansion of the role of the Supreme Court B) The protection of the private sector C) The enactment of the Great Society D) The passage of new immigration laws

C) The enactment of the Great Society

"[The Soviets will apply] insistent, unceasing pressure for penetration and command of key positions in administration...of foreign countries... In summary, we have here a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with US...it is desirable and necessary that the internal harmony of our society be disrupted... [and] the international authority of our state be broken, if Soviet power is to be secure... Much depends on health and vigor of our own society... Every courageous and incisive measure to solve internal problems of our own society... is a diplomatic victory over Moscow." George Kennan, "The Long Telegram," 1946 Over time, American policies towards the Soviet Union would tend to A) embrace the growth of nationalist movements. B) seek to build an economic framework to bolster the Soviet Union. C) fluctuate between periods of confrontation and periods of détente. D) support the escalation of armed conflict.

C) fluctuate between periods of confrontation and periods of détente.

"[The Soviets will apply] insistent, unceasing pressure for penetration and command of key positions in administration...of foreign countries... In summary, we have here a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with US...it is desirable and necessary that the internal harmony of our society be disrupted... [and] the international authority of our state be broken, if Soviet power is to be secure... Much depends on health and vigor of our own society... Every courageous and incisive measure to solve internal problems of our own society... is a diplomatic victory over Moscow." George Kennan, "The Long Telegram," 1946 To directly combat the threat described by Kennan, the United States would A) support the development of peace settlements between affected nations. B) support the decolonization of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. C) support policies designed to develop collective security among non-Communist nations. D) support the expansion of executive power in foreign policy.

C) support policies designed to develop collective security among non-Communist nations.

https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0187_4373_bce1_639449dedaae_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg 2016 Cengage Learning Post-War Migration to the Sunbelt and West Coast Another change that occurred as part of the transformation depicted here was A) increasing regionalism. B) the growing power of the democratic party. C) the rise of the suburbs. D) a growing consolidation of wealth.

C) the rise of the suburbs.

"A government job is a privilege, not a right. There is no reason why men who chum with Communists, who refuse to turn their backs upon traitors, and who are consistently found at the time and place where disaster strikes America and success comes to international Communism, should be given positions of power in government... I have not urged that those whom I have named be put in jail. Once they are exposed so the American people know what they are, they can do but little damage." Senator Joseph McCarthy, The Fight For America, 1952 Government efforts in line with Senator McCarthy's remarks most nearly reflected the policies of the government A) After the Revolutionary War. B) After the Civil War. C) After the Spanish-American War. D) After World War I.

D) After World War I.

"The conventional wisdom on the origins of the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 suggests that it was primarily a product of the civil rights movement... However, ideational effects of the cold war also played a part in the political developments of 1965... Cold war foreign-policy considerations pressed for increased openness for ethnic minority immigration to reduce tensions with allied (or potential allied)countries, and conversely, civil rights leaders were able to gain leverage for the Civil Rights Act by exploiting this tension and forcing Americans to practice the liberalism reflected in their founding myths." Christopher Rudolph, National Security and Immigration: Policy Development in the United States and Western Europe Since 1945, 2006 The policy described in the excerpt contributed to a proportional growth in the population of Americans of what descent? A) European B) African C) Indian D) Latin American

D) Latin American

"In his conduct of the office of President of the United States, Richard M. Nixon, in violation of his constitutional oath faithfully to execute the office of President of the United States...has prevented, obstructed, and impeded the administration of justice, in that: Richard M. Nixon, using the powers of his high office, engaged personally and through his subordinates and agents, in a course of conduct or plan designed to delay, impede, and obstruct the investigation [into the Watergate break in]... to cover up, conceal, and protect those responsible; and to conceal the existence and scope of other unlawful covert activities." Articles of Impeachment, U.S. House Judiciary Committee, 1974 Which of the following best explains the impact of the events leading up to the House Judiciary Committee's resolution? A) A rise in attacks on communism B) Rebellion among the nation's intellectuals C) A growth in advocacy for economic inequality D) Sharp political divisions and growing mistrust in government

D) Sharp political divisions and growing mistrust in government

"The conventional wisdom on the origins of the Immigration Reform Act of 1965 suggests that it was primarily a product of the civil rights movement... However, ideational effects of the cold war also played a part in the political developments of 1965... Cold war foreign-policy considerations pressed for increased openness for ethnic minority immigration to reduce tensions with allied (or potential allied)countries, and conversely, civil rights leaders were able to gain leverage for the Civil Rights Act by exploiting this tension and forcing Americans to practice the liberalism reflected in their founding myths." Christopher Rudolph, National Security and Immigration: Policy Development in the United States and Western Europe Since 1945, 2006 Which of the following developments of the era most significantly amplified the effects of the policy described in the excerpt? A) Civil rights victories B) The rise of individualism C) The growth of suburbs D) The booming economy

D) The booming economy

"The experience of a 'détente' in American-Soviet relations in the 1970s ultimately failed for a number of reasons, including an underlying difference in conceptions of détente: The American leaders saw it (in Kissinger's words)as a way of 'managing the emergence of Soviet power' into world politics in an age of nuclear parity; the Soviet leaders, for their part, envisaged it as a way of managing the transition of the United States from its former superiority into a more modest role in world politics... Ultimately disillusionment affected the leaderships on both sides... and the détente commitment was not only devalued but used as the basis for additional hostile charges against the other side." Which of the following other issues added to the conflict over the United States' foreign policy efforts after World War II? A) The development of a national energy policy B) Methods of rooting out Communism in American government C) The desirability of multilateralism versus unilateralism D) The growth of the nation's nuclear arsenal

D) The growth of the nation's nuclear arsenal

https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_0184_f982_bce1_c552aabe27b6_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00_TB4407_00.jpg Fred W. McDarrah/Getty Images The most significant objective of the movement depicted above was to A) oppose the growth of liberalism. B) defy the persistence of segregation. C) call attention to the problems of poverty in the nation. D) rally for legal, economic, and social equality.

D) rally for legal, economic, and social equality.

"This unwarranted exercise of power by the court [in Brown v. Board of Education] contrary to the Constitution, is creating chaos and confusion in the states principally affected. It is destroying the amicable relations between the white and Negro races that have been created through ninety years of patient effort by the good people of both races... Without regard to the consent of the governed, outside agitators are threatening immediate and revolutionary changes in our public school systems...We decry the Supreme Court's encroachments on rights reserved to the states and to the people, contrary to established law and to the Constitution." Manifesto of One Hundred Members of the U.S. Congress, 1956 The most significant effect of the efforts of Americans who agreed with the perspective presented in the excerpt was to A) reduce the attractiveness of nonviolent protest. B) block the passage of civil rights legislation. C) encourage the use of judicial activism. D) slow the progress of desegregation.

D) slow the progress of desegregation.

"A government job is a privilege, not a right. There is no reason why men who chum with Communists, who refuse to turn their backs upon traitors, and who are consistently found at the time and place where disaster strikes America and success comes to international Communism, should be given positions of power in government... I have not urged that those whom I have named be put in jail. Once they are exposed so the American people know what they are, they can do but little damage." Senator Joseph McCarthy, The Fight For America, 1952 Though many Americans debated the merits of McCarthy's arguments in the excerpt, most Americans supported A) American involvement in the Vietnam War. B) changes to loosen the nation's immigration policy. C) the build-up of the nation's nuclear arsenal. D) the nation's foreign policy strategy of containment.

D) the nation's foreign policy strategy of containment.

"Malcom X, one of the most influential Black Nationalist thinkers of the twentieth century, declared... 'The political philosophy of black nationalism is that which is designed to encourage our people, the black people, to gain complete control over the politics and the politicians of our own community.' ...Both scholars and leaders agree on certain central features of Black Nationalist ideology... The crucial distinguishing feature between the nationalists and the integrationists is that nationalists' integration as neither desirable nor likely as a means of achieving black liberation in the United States at the present time." Alphonso Pinkney, Red, Black, and Green: Black Nationalism in the United States, 1979 After 1965, support grew for the philosophy described in the excerpt as a result of A) solidarity movements between Blacks, Latinos, and American Indians. B) charges of communism among more radical activists. C) philosophical divisions over the Vietnam war. D) the slow progress of desegregation movements.

D) the slow progress of desegregation movements.

"This unwarranted exercise of power by the court [in Brown v. Board of Education] contrary to the Constitution, is creating chaos and confusion in the states principally affected. It is destroying the amicable relations between the white and Negro races that have been created through ninety years of patient effort by the good people of both races... Without regard to the consent of the governed, outside agitators are threatening immediate and revolutionary changes in our public school systems...We decry the Supreme Court's encroachments on rights reserved to the states and to the people, contrary to established law and to the Constitution." Manifesto of One Hundred Members of the U.S. Congress, 1956 Civil rights activists in this era A) openly challenged the dominant economic order. B) were successful in achieving racial equality. C) focused exclusively on using the court system to achieve victories. D) utilized a variety of strategies to combat racial discrimination.

D) utilized a variety of strategies to combat racial discrimination.