Art History Test 2
Which of the following influenced Paul V's decision to convert the central plan of Saint Peter's into a basilican plan through the addition of a nave? Question options: A) The longitudinal plan resembled Byzantine churches B) Paul V wanted a larger space for symbolic purposes C) Central plan buildings evoked pagan temples D) The Papacy wanted to outshine St. Paul's in London
C) Central plan buildings evoked pagan temples
The ____________________ artists Cézanne, Seurat, van Gogh, and Gauguin felt the ______________________ style was neglecting the other key elements of painting in their pursuit of the sensations of light and color. These artists began to systematically examine the properties and expressive qualities of the formal elements: line, pattern, form, and color. Question options: a) Post-Impressionism; Impressionist b) Impressionism; Post-Impressionist c) Impressionism; Realism d) Post-Impressionism; Symbolism
Question options: a) Post-Impressionism; Impressionist
Which of the following influenced Degas in his technique of using spatial projections and off-center empty space to create illusion and direct the viewer's attention into the picture? Question options: a) 18th century Japanese woodblock prints b) 16th century German woodcuts c) 15th century German engravings d) Mughal miniatures
a) 18th century Japanese woodblock prints
In the art work The Kiss Gustav Klimt depicted a couple locked in an embrace. The setting is ambiguous, all the viewer sees of the embracing couple is a small segment of each body. The rest of the canvas dissolves into shimmering, extravagant flat patterning. This patterning has clear ties to ______________ and the _______________________. Question options: a) Art nouveau; Arts and Crafts movement b) Arts and Crafts movement; Art Deco c) Art nouveau; Art Deco d) Impressionism; Post-Impressionism
a) Art nouveau; Arts and Crafts movement
Which of the following works functions as an "altarpiece" for the new civic religion of inspiring the viewer with the martyr's dedication to service? Question options: a) Death of Marat b) Death of General Wolf c) Cornelia, Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures or Mother of the Gracchi d) Oath of the Horatii
a) Death of Marat
In Rosa Bonheur's most famous work, The Horse Fair, the dramatic lighting, loose brushwork, and rolling sky reveal her admiration for which of the following artists? Question options: a) Géricault b) Manet c) Courbet d) Millet
a) Géricault
How does Fra Andrea Pozzo create the illusion of Heaven opening above the heads of the congregation in the church of Sant'Ignazio? Question options: a) He illusionistically continued the church's actual architecture into the vault so the roof seems to be lifting off. b) He narrowed the nave ceiling so it is difficult to see the vault. c) He widened the vault so the perspective is skewed. d) He illusionistically lowered the church's actual architecture so the roof seems to be lifting off.
a) He illusionistically continued the church's actual architecture into the vault so the roof seems to be lifting off.
Many architectural historians call _________________ the first truly modern architect, He synthesized industrial structure and ornamentation that expressed the late 19th century spirit of commerce. He used the latest in technology to invest the interiors with light and good ventilation. The interior and exterior ornamentation connected commerce and culture and gave these spaces a sense of refinement and taste. Question options: a) Louis Sullivan b) Henry Richardson c) Antonio Gaudi d) Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
a) Louis Sullivan
Which of these statements are true about Casper David Friedrich and his painting, Abbey in the Oak Forest. Question options: a) The painting is a kind of meditation on human mortality and includes many symbols of death. b) He championed the idea that everyday life is the only valid subject matter for modern artist. c) The artist rendered the objects in the painting with great detail demonstrating his keen perception of everything in the physical environment relevant to his message. d) He believed that an artist should paint what he sees as well as what is within him.
a) The painting is a kind of meditation on human mortality and includes many symbols of death. b) He championed the idea that everyday life is the only valid subject matter for modern artist. d) He believed that an artist should paint what he sees as well as what is within him.
Rubens has synthesized the styles of Italian artists in his Elevation of the Cross. Which of the following describes this work? Question options: a) Rubens, deeply impressed by Michelangelo's twisting sculpted and painted figures, showed his prowess in representing foreshortened anatomy and the contortions of violent action. b) Rubens placed the body of Christ on the cross as a diagonal that cuts dynamically across the picture while inclining back into it. c) The whole composition seethes with a power that comes from strenuous exertion, from elastic human sinew taut with effort. The tension is emotional as well as physical, as reflected not only in Christ's face but also in the features of his followers. d) Bright highlights and areas of deep shadow inspired by Caravaggio's tenebrism, hallmarks of Rubens's work at this stage of his career, enhance the drama.
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The ________________________is a canopy-like structure that marks the tomb of St. Peter and the high altar. Both of which are located in St. Peter's.
Baldacchino
The first use of iron in bridge design was in the _____________________bridge built over the Severn River, near Coalbrookdale in England. The style of the graceful center arc echoes the grand arches of _______________. Question options: a) cast-iron; Roman aqueducts b) iron suspension; Greek arches c) cast-iron; groin valt d)
Question options: a) cast-iron; Roman aqueducts
Monet's intensive study of the phenomena of light and color is especially evident in several series of paintings he made of the same subject. Monet's Rouen Cathedral is a series that observed the same viewpoint during which of the following? Question options: a) different times of the day or under various climatic conditions b) from different elevations c) only at noon during winter d) only at noon under various climatic conditions
Question options: a) different times of the day or under various climatic conditions
Which features enhanced the illusionism of the ceiling painting Triumph of the Name of Jesus by Giovanni Battista Gaulli. Question options: a) At the center of the vault the ceiling appears to open up offering a glimpse of Heaven. Jesus appears as his monogram (IHSS) in a burst of radiant light that appears to be floating upward. b) To enhance the illusionistic qualities the artist glazed the architecture to suggest shadows. c) His distinctive use of light and assertive brushwork. d) He painted some of the sinners over stucco extensions to enhance the three-dimensional effect.
a) At the center of the vault the ceiling appears to open up offering a glimpse of Heaven. Jesus appears as his monogram (IHSS) in a burst of radiant light that appears to be floating upward. c) His distinctive use of light and assertive brushwork. d) He painted some of the sinners over stucco extensions to enhance the three-dimensional effect.
__________________________ appealed to the public's fascination with what it perceived as the passion and primitivism of Native American life in the New World. This work speaks here to emotions, the appeal here is to the viewer's private world of fantasy and emotion. Question options: a) Burial of Atala by Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson b) La Marseillaise by François Rude c) Burial of Atala by Pierre Vignon d) La Madeleine by Pierre Vignon,
a) Burial of Atala by Anne-Louis Girodet-Trioson
In what guise did Rembrandt portray himself and what statement does it make about his craft? Question options: a) He presented himself as a working artist. In his hands, he holds the tools of his craft - his brushes, palette and maulstick. b) His distinctive use of light and assertive brushwork suggests his confidence and self-assurance. c) The circles on the wall may allude to a symbol of artistic virtuosity - the ability to draw a perfect circle. d) The frontal view not only provides the fullest view of the artist's features to enhance the illusionistic qualities of the portrait. e) Rembrandt's numerous self-portraits reflect his deeply personal connection to his craft.
a) He presented himself as a working artist. In his hands, he holds the tools of his craft - his brushes, palette and maulstick. b) His distinctive use of light and assertive brushwork suggests his confidence and self-assurance. c) The circles on the wall may allude to a symbol of artistic virtuosity - the ability to draw a perfect circle. e) Rembrandt's numerous self-portraits reflect his deeply personal connection to his craft.
In contrast to Catholic religious images Rembrandt's Return of the Prodigal Son can be said to be which of the following? Question options: a) It is a painting of inward turning contemplation. b) It illustrated lofty theological ideals. c) It celebrated the celestial triumph of the Roman Catholic Church. d) It consisted of figures in dramatic poses with emphatic gestures.
a) It is a painting of inward turning contemplation.
__________________ also strongly believed paintings depicting noble events in ancient history, such as his _____________________, would serve to instill patriotism and civic virtue in the public at large in post-revolutionary France. Question options: a) Jacques-Louis David; Oath of the Horatii b) Jacques-Louis David; Death of Marat c) Jacques-Louis David; Death of General Wolfe d) Jacques-Louis David; Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures
a) Jacques-Louis David; Oath of the Horatii
In the late 19th century societal changes fostered a new and multifaceted artistic approach that art historians called _________________. They seek to capture the images and sensibilities of their age. Also they critically examine the premises of art itself. Question options: a) Modernism b) Impressionism c) Realism d) Neoclassicism
a) Modernism
Which of the following architects were the most influential in Thomas Jefferson's re-design of Monticello. Question options: a) Palladio, Boyle and Kent b) Soufflot and Vignon c) Palladio and Soufflot d) Vignon and Robert Adam
a) Palladio, Boyle and Kent
The Martyrdom of Saint Philip reflected Spanish taste at that time in that it depicts the courageous resistance to pain. This theme was strongly admired by the Spanish and was also translated into as tangible resistance to the _________________. Question options: a) Reformation b) Counter Reformation c) Habsburg Empire d) The Thirty Years' War
a) Reformation
In Napoleon at the Plague House at Jaffa, by Antoine-Jean Gros, showed fascination with the exoticism of the Muslim world, as is evident in his attention to the details of architecture and costume, represented a departure from Neoclassicism. This, along with Gros's emphasis on death, suffering, and an emotional rendering of the scene, presaged core elements of the artistic movement that would soon displace Neoclassicism—____________________. Question options: a) Romanticism b) Realism c) Rococo d) Impressionism
a) Romanticism
___________________________ is a "Grand manner Portraiture." It elevated the sitter by conveying refinement and elegance while clearly individualizing the sitter. The artist depicted the English commander who defended Gibraltar. As is typical for this genre, the gentleman stands in a dramatic pose and his figure takes up most of the canvas. Question options: a) Sir Joshua Reynolds, Lord Heathfield b) Gainsborough, Mrs. R. B. Sheridan c) Copley, Paul Revere d) Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe
a) Sir Joshua Reynolds, Lord Heathfield
Wren synthesized the design elements from the Italians, French, and Inigo Jones into a unified monumentality for which of the following churches? Question options: a) St. Paul's, London b) St. Martin-in-the-Fields, London c) All Hallows, London d) St. Dunstan's, London
a) St. Paul's, London
Jean-Antoine Houdon's sculpture George Washington make reference to the Roman Republic. It includes several objects that make reference to the Republic. Question options: a) The column-like object on which Washington leans is a bundle of rods with an attached ax - the ancient Roman fasces, an emblem of authority. b) He portrayed Washington as seminude and enthroned, as Phidias depicted Zeus in the famous lost statue he made for the god's temple at Olympia in ancient Greece. c) The plow alludes to a patrician of the early Roman Republic, who was elected dictator during war and resigned as soon as victory was achieved. d) The staff in his right hand is just like the one in the sculpture of Roman Ruler Augustus of Primaporta.
a) The column-like object on which Washington leans is a bundle of rods with an attached ax - the ancient Roman fasces, an emblem of authority c) The plow alludes to a patrician of the early Roman Republic, who was elected dictator during war and resigned as soon as victory was achieved.
Bernini's statue of David differs from previous generations of this depiction. His David seems to be moving through time and space. Which of the following would support this description? Question options: a) The pivoting motion of the figure implies the movement through space and time. b) The figure's upright stance implies movement through space and time. c) The crouching figure implies movement through space and time. d) The action of raising the sling above his shoulder implies movement.
a) The pivoting motion of the figure implies the movement through space and time.
How is this an attempt on the part of the artist to elevate himself and his profession? Question options: a) The scene places the artist among royalty and face-to-face with the king; placed among them in equal dignity. b) The artist hoped to be a member of the prestigious Order of Santiago, but had difficulty in gaining acceptance. He wears the red cross of the order, which according to legend, was painted by the king himself. c) In this painting he may have wanted to evoke the idea of a great king visiting his studio. In ancient times, Alexander the great visited the studio of the painter Apelles. All figures in the painting appear to acknowledge the presence of the king and queen. d) The paintings that appear in Las Meninas further reinforced this celebration of the painter's craft. On the wall above the doorway and the mirror, two faintly recognizable pictures are copies made by Velázquez's son-in-law, Juan del Mazo (ca. 1612-1667), of paintings by Peter Paul Rubens. The paintings depict the immortal gods as the source of art.
a) The scene places the artist among royalty and face-to-face with the king; placed among them in equal dignity. c) In this painting he may have wanted to evoke the idea of a great king visiting his studio. In ancient times, Alexander the great visited the studio of the painter Apelles. All figures in the painting appear to acknowledge the presence of the king and queen. d) The paintings that appear in Las Meninas further reinforced this celebration of the painter's craft. On the wall above the doorway and the mirror, two faintly recognizable pictures are copies made by Velázquez's son-in-law, Juan del Mazo (ca. 1612-1667), of paintings by Peter Paul Rubens. The paintings depict the immortal gods as the source of art.
__________________ led the movement to adopt Neoclassicism as the architectural style of the United States. Question options: a) Thomas Jefferson b) Napoleon c) George IV d) George Washington
a) Thomas Jefferson
La Madeleine in Paris was intended for which of the following purposes? Question options: a) a temple of glory for Napoleon's armies b) a center of the nineteenth-century Jesuit revival c) a monument to the success of middle-class bankers d) a monument to the success of French revolutionary leaders
a) a temple of glory for Napoleon's armies
The artist Edouard Manet was pivotal in the development of Impressionism and one of his most important works was Le Dejeuner sur L'Herbe (Luncheon on the Grass). Which of these statements is/are innovations within this work that met with disapproval from critics and the public, but would change the future of art? Question options: a) a. Even though the theme had precedents in other pastoral paintings of the past, Monet's luncheon guests were ordinary members of the French middle class. What was alarming to the Parisian viewer was there is no explanation for what is depicted and they were not prepared to see one of their own displayed so shamefully. This nude, seated woman also meets the viewers stare, as if the viewer is intruding. b) b. Instead of beginning with a dark underpainting and building up highlights. He began with a white surface and worked to build up dark tones. This approach lent a greater luminosity to the work, one that duplicated sunlight as closely as possible. c) c. He did not use traditional chiaroscuro to model his figures. Instead he used a broadly brushed application of flat, barely modeled hue that sat squarely on the canvas with no regard for illusionism. He attempted to capture an impression of a fleeting moment in this way and what the eye would see in just that moment. d) d. He advocated the spontaneity of painting directly on canvas without the tyranny of meticulous preparatory sketches. He believed that color ought to be subordinated to line, but he maintained that composition should be constructed of color.
a) a. Even though the theme had precedents in other pastoral paintings of the past, Monet's luncheon guests were ordinary members of the French middle class. What was alarming to the Parisian viewer was there is no explanation for what is depicted and they were not prepared to see one of their own displayed so shamefully. This nude, seated woman also meets the viewers stare, as if the viewer is intruding. b) b. Instead of beginning with a dark underpainting and building up highlights. He began with a white surface and worked to build up dark tones. This approach lent a greater luminosity to the work, one that duplicated sunlight as closely as possible. c) c. He did not use traditional chiaroscuro to model his figures. Instead he used a broadly brushed application of flat, barely modeled hue that sat squarely on the canvas with no regard for illusionism. He attempted to capture an impression of a fleeting moment in this way and what the eye would see in just that moment.
The Pilgrimage to Cythera was a _______________________ (amorous festival) painting. These paintings depicted the outdoor entertainment of French high society. __________________________ essentially created this type of Rococo painting. Rather than reject him from the academy when he submitted this type of subject as an entry (it did not represent an acceptable category), the Academy created a new category. Pilgrimage to Cythera was the artists' admission piece. Question options: a) fête galante; Antoine Watteau b) pays Bonheur; François Boucher, c) sans souci; François de Cuvilliés, d) fête de jour; Antoine Watteau
a) fête galante; Antoine Watteau
Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting is a break from the traditional approach to painting self-portraits in almost all Renaissance and Baroque self-portraits because she portrays herself from _________________ and not from ____________. Question options: a) her left side; a frontal view b) a frontal view; her left side c) a frontal view; her right side d) her left side: a back view
a) her left side; a frontal view
Jacob van Ruisdael specialized in which of the following genres? Question options: a) landscapes b) church interiors c) still life d) portraits
a) landscapes
Paxton constructed the exhibition building, the Crystal Palace with __________________________. This enabled workers to build the vast structure in the then-unheard-of time of six months and to dismantle it quickly at the exhibition's closing to avoid permanent obstruction of the park. Question options: a) prefabricated parts b) steel cage c) trusses d) balloon framing
a) prefabricated parts
Caravaggio's Conversion of St. Paul presents the same dynamic emotion and dramatic religious fervor with the use of eloquent pictorial devices and stage lighting in much the same way as in which of the following works of art? Question options: a)Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa b)Carracci's Flight into Egypt c)Velásquez's Water Carrier of Seville d)Rembrandt's Return of the Prodigal Son
a) Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa
In Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, he has clustered the participants on the left side and has placed Dr. Tulp on the right side with the diagonally placed foreshortened corpse disrupting the strict horizontal, planar orientation. This is in sharp contrast to which of the following traditions of group portraitures? Question options: a) The subjects were placed evenly across the canvas b) Group portraits of professional organizations were never portrayed c) Only five subjects were allowed per group portrait portrayals d) Only guilds were allowed as subjects for group portraits
a) The subjects were placed evenly across the canvas
17th-century Dutch art centered on genre scenes, landscapes, portraits of middle-class men and women, and still lifes, all of which appealed to the newly prosperous Dutch merchants. Question options:a) Trueb) False
a) True
What is the significance of Courbet's style for the Realist movement in this work Burial at Ornans? Question options: a) The Realist movement also encouraged a reconsideration of artistic aims and departed from conventional illusionism. b) Realist artists called attention to pictorial construction. c) Courbet applied his paint with a palette knife, producing a rough surface. d) His seemingly casual arrangement of figures also drew criticism and defied academic standards.
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Why is this work described as a mixture of styles and how did that affect the perception of Ingres' art? Question options: a) The subject—the reclining nude female figure—followed the grand tradition of antiquity and the Renaissance (Figs. 17-16 and 17-39) in sculpture as well as painting. b) Grande Odalisque again shows Ingres's admiration for Raphael in his borrowing of that master's type of female head (Figs. 17-7 and 17-8). c) The figure's languid pose, small head and elongated limbs, and the generally cool color scheme reveal the painter's debt to Parmigianino (Fig. 17-44) and the Italian Mannerists, sculptors (Figs. 17-52 and 17-52A) as well as painters. d) Converting the figure to an odalisque (woman in a Turkish harem), Ingres, unlike Canova, made a strong concession to the burgeoning Romantic taste for the exotic.
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______________________________ transformed a forest, the surrounding countryside where the original hunting lodge was located, into a park. He transitioned the dense and wild growth with meadowlands to serve as distant views. The grounds closer to the palace were tightly designed and controlled. Question options: a) Georges de la Tour b) André Le Nôtre c) Jean- Baptiste Colber d)
b) André Le Nôtre
How did Caravaggio create a dynamic composition in Conversion of Saint Paul? Question options: a) In Caravaggio's work the space is sliced by a sharp diagonal, it has asymmetrical balance which only enhances the energy and movement of the composition. b) Caravaggio used a perspective and a chiaroscuro intended to bring viewers as close as possible to the scene's space and action, almost as if they were participants. The low horizon line augments the sense of inclusion. c) Caravaggio's figures are still heroic with powerful bodies and clearly delineated contours in the Renaissance tradition, but the stark and dramatic contrast of light and dark, called tenebrism obscures the more traditional aspects of his style. The dramatic spotlight shining down upon the fallen Paul is the light of divine revelation. d) It shows a complete command of the techniques of linear perspective but subordinates them to the dramatic presentation of the image.
b) Caravaggio used a perspective and a chiaroscuro intended to bring viewers as close as possible to the scene's space and action, almost as if they were participants. The low horizon line augments the sense of inclusion. c) Caravaggio's figures are still heroic with powerful bodies and clearly delineated contours in the Renaissance tradition, but the stark and dramatic contrast of light and dark, called tenebrism obscures the more traditional aspects of his style. The dramatic spotlight shining down upon the fallen Paul is the light of divine revelation.
_______________________, this work represents the "naturalistic" style of portraiture, however, the artist portrait is elevating the sitter by conveying refinement and elegance. He has tempered it with the background landscape. Question options: a) Jean-Baptiste Greuze, Village Bride b) Gainsborough, Mrs. R. B. Sheridan c) Copley, Paul Revere d) Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe
b) Gainsborough, Mrs. R. B. Sheridan
Cassatt's style of work owes much to which of the following? Question options: a) Giorgione b) Japanese prints c) Leonardo's sketchbooks d) Michelangelo
b) Japanese prints
A leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was which of the following? Question options: a) Louis XVI b) Voltaire c) Isaac Newton d) John Lock
b) Voltaire
Vermeer was known to have used which of the following tool? Question options: a) stencils b) camera obscura c) clip targets d) photo lens
b) camera obscura
In William Blake's Ancient of Days a mighty wind surges through the Creator's thick hair and beard. Only the strength of his Michelangelesque physique keeps him firmly planted on his heavenly perch. In this image Blake merged ___________________ with the inner dark dreams of________________________. Question options: a) Romanticism; Neoclassicism b) ideal classical anatomy; Romanticism c) ideal classical anatomy; Realism d) Neoclassicism; Romanticism
b) ideal classical anatomy; Romanticism
In Nocturne in Black and Gold (The Falling Rocket) Whistler captured fireworks exploding in a night sky. He chose to convey the atmospheric effects, instead of specific details. He created a harmonious arrangement of ___________________________. Question options: a) value contrast b) shapes and colors c) value and color d) the elements of art
b) shapes and colors
How did Georges de la Tour eliminate dogmatic significance and traditional iconographic meaning in his Adoration of the Shepherds? Question options: a) the figures are garbed as simple peasants b) the absence of halos c) the positioning of the infant d) the figures are not elegantly portrayed
b) the absence of halos
The________________________, built by __________________is an interesting mix of Renaissance revival style and modern cast-iron construction. The architect exposed the structure's metal skeleton on the interior. His design highlights how the peculiar properties of the new structural material aesthetically transformed the shapes of traditional masonry architecture. Question options: a) Royal Pavilion; John Nash b) Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève; Henri Labrouste c) Altes Museum; Karl Friedrich Schinkel d) Opéra; Charles Garnier
b)Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève; Henri Labrouste
In the 17th century changes in financial systems, lifestyles, and trading patterns, along with expanding colonialism, fueled the creation of a worldwide market place. The Dutch founded the ______________ in 1609, which eventually became the center of European transfer banking. Question options: a) Bank of Paris b) Bank of Antwerp c) Bank of Amsterdam d) Bank of London
c) Bank of Amsterdam
________________ went much further than any of his predecessors or contemporaries in emphasizing a building's sculptural qualities. He rejected the notion that a church should have a flat frontispiece. He set ___________ facade in undulating motion, creating a dynamic counterpoint of concave and convex elements. Question options: a) Guarino Guarini; Palazzo Carignano b) Borromini; Palazzo Carignano c) Borromini; San Carlo's d) Bernini; San Carlo's
c) Borromini; San Carlo's
The influences of Vitruvius, Palladio, and Inigo Jones are most apparent in which of the following? Question options: a) Houses of Parliament b) Monticello c) Chiswick House d) Panthéon
c) Chiswick House
________________ this work represents the "naturalistic" style of portraiture. But this work shows a spare style and a down-to-earth realism not found in British or Continental examples. Question options: a) Sir Joshua Reynolds, Lord Heathfield b) Gainsborough, Mrs. R. B. Sheridan c) Copley, Paul Revere d) Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe
c) Copley, Paul Revere
______________ was the first artist ever known to have staged a private exhibition of his own work. His __________________ and the statement he issued to explain the paintings shown there amounted to the ___________ movement's manifesto. Question options: a) Cole; Pavilion of Romanticism; Romanticism b) Courbet; Pavilion of Romanticism; Romanticism c) Courbet; Pavilion of Realism; Realist d) Millet; Pavilion of Realism; Realist
c) Courbet; Pavilion of Realism; Realist
_________________ impacted French society in the 19th century with his ________________. He provided a biting, scathing commentary on the foibles and misbehaviors of the government and those powerful members of French society. He used the prints to create powerful, factual documents that recorded events as truisms and captured the brutality and excess of the government and society. Question options: a) Daumier; engravings b) Daumier; etchings c) Daumier; lithographs d) Durer; lithographs
c) Daumier; lithographs
Vigée-Lebrun portrayed herself as a self-confident painter looking directly at the viewer (and pausing to return their gaze) this has been copied from an earlier artist. Which of the following is that artist? Question options: a) Artemisia Gentileschi b) Caravaggio c) Judith Leyster d) Vermeer
c) Judith Leyster
How does perspective control what we see in this painting? Why? Question options: a) Light coming from a window illuminates the woman's face and her personal surroundings. Since this is a portrait and like most artist of this time, who are trying to make the setting unique to the client. b) It is not perspective that controls what we see in this painting, but colors and optical perfection in portraying the images. Like northern artist of the past, Vermeer focuses on the meticulous details of capturing all the images in this work of art. c) The perspective orthogonals direct the viewer's attention neither to the woman's head nor her treasures, but to the hand in which she holds a balance for weighing gold. The scales, however, are empty, in perfect balance, the way Ignatius of Loyola advised Catholics (Vermeer was a Catholic convert in the Protestant Dutch Republic) to lead a temperate, self-aware life and to balance one's sins with virtuous behavior. d) The mirror on the wall may refer to self-knowledge, but it may also symbolize, as do the pearls and gold, the sin of vanity. Bolstering that interpretation is the large framed Last Judgment painting on the back wall in which Christ, weigher of souls, appears in a golden aureole directly above the young woman's head.
c) The perspective orthogonals direct the viewer's attention neither to the woman's head nor her treasures, but to the hand in which she holds a balance for weighing gold. The scales, however, are empty, in perfect balance, the way Ignatius of Loyola advised Catholics (Vermeer was a Catholic convert in the Protestant Dutch Republic) to lead a temperate, self-aware life and to balance one's sins with virtuous behavior.
Which one of these statements is no true about Diego Velázquez, Surrender of Breda, 1634-1635. Question options: a) Velázquez juxtaposed the Spanish and Dutch troops. He presented in the one picture two versions of the respective armies. The Spanish are organized and well-armed in contrast the Dutch appeared bedraggled and disorganize. b) Velázquez created a painting of victory and defeat. Further he also emphasized the generosity of the Spanish general by hurting by having him leaning toward his Dutch counter-part and preventing the ultimate gesture jester of surrender. c) Velázquez shows the gratitude of the English nation to the Spanish for their military victories during the War against their mutual enemies the Dutch. d) Velázquez as court artist for Philip IV produced many history paintings, including fictional representation; such as, this one depicting the Dutch mayor of Breda surrendering to a Spanish general.
c) Velázquez shows the gratitude of the English nation to the Spanish for their military victories during the War against their mutual enemies the Dutch.
Julia Margaret Cameron used a short focal length lens that allowed only a small area of sharp focus. What kind of effect would a lens like this produce? Question options: a) small, intimate images b) precise character studies c) ethereal, dreamlike images d) intense, psychological images
c) ethereal, dreamlike images
The French viewing public were greatly horrified by Manet's Olympia not only because of the portrayal of a naked prostitute as a work of art but also due to which of the following? Question options: a) her look of coyness b) her look of pleasure c) her look of cool indifference and shamelessness d) her look of embarrassment
c) her look of cool indifference and shamelessness
In a balanced mix of______________________________, Delacroix captured the passion and energy of the 1830 revolution in this painting of Liberty leading the Parisian uprising against Charles X. Question options: a) poetry and poetic allegory b) literature and poetic allegory c) history and poetic allegory d) historical literature
c) history and poetic allegory
The often arbitrarily cut-off figures, the patterns of light splotches, and the blurriness of the images in this and other Degas works indicate the artist's interest in reproducing single moments. They also reveal his fascination with__________________. Question options: a) japanese prints b) calling attention to the pictorial structure of the painting c) photography d) patterns of motion
c) photography
In Rossetti's Beata Beatrix, the model for this image was the artist's wife, Elizabeth Siddal. She died shortly before Rossetti began the panting. He incorporated two symbols commemorating her death. Which of the following is one of those symbols? Question options: a) black dove b) white dove c) red dove d) blue dove
c) red dove
In Jan Steen's, The Feast of St. Nicolas the artist has captured the joy and chaos of Christmas holidays. He has also added a subtle satirical jab at adult society by using children and their behaviors to mirror adult behaviors. Which of the following behaviors did Steen allude to in this painting? Question options: a) calm b) generosity c) selfishness d) greed
c) selfishness
Hardouin-Mansart's Church of the Invalides in Paris marries of which of the following styles? Question options: a) Versailles and Italian Baroque b) French Gothic and French Baroque c) Banqueting Hall, London d) Italian Baroque and French classical architectural
d) Italian Baroque and French classical architectural
Which of the following eighteenth-century philosophers stressed the importance of the natural goodness of human beings and was an important forerunner of the Romantic sensibility? Question options: a) Isaac Newton b) Voltaire c) John Locke d) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
d) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
________________ was the leading proponent of classicism in 17th-century Rome. His "grand manner" paintings are models of "arrangement and measure" and incorporate figures inspired by ancient statuary. Question options: a) Rubens b) Caravaggio c) Bernini d) Poussin
d) Poussin
______________________ is a style, primarily of interior design, that appeared in France around 1700. Its interiors featured lavish decoration, including small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, easel paintings, tapestries, reliefs, wall paintings, and elegant furniture. The term derived from the French word rocaille (pebble) and referred to the small stones and shells used to decorate grotto interiors. Question options: a) Baroque b) Mannerism c) Neoclassicism d) Rococo
d) Rococo
Francisco Goya's print The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, from Los Caprichos can be interpreted as Goya's commitment to the creative process and the _______________ spirit—the unleashing of imagination, emotions, and even nightmares. Question options: a) Neoclassic b) Classical c) Realistic d) Romantic
d) Romantic
The proportions of the building, the symmetry the accent on horizontal lines and the central pavilion that is shaped like a classical temple are ________________________. The scale, the shadowy depth created behind the colonnade, the doubling of the columns, and the tripartite division with central emphasis and salient end pavilions are __________________________. This structure is a blend of _________________________________________ and reflects the style and taste of Louis XIV. Question options: a) Greek elements; Baroque features; Greek and Baroque elements b) Greek elements; Gothic features; Greek and Gothic elements c) classical elements; Gothic features; classical and Gothic elements d) classical elements; Baroque features; classical and Baroque elements
d) classical elements; Baroque features; classical and Baroque elements
In Loves of the Gods, ceiling frescoes Carracci arranged the scenes in a format resembling framed easel paintings on a wall, ________________ (transferred framed painting). He made this technique fashionable for more than a century. Question options: a) sacre rappresentazion b) sfumato c) quatrefoil d) quadro riportato
d) quadro riportato
The painting A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery, by Joseph Wright of Derby, reflects the Enlightenment by its _________________, his work reflects the new scientific rationalism of the Age of Enlightenment --- recording scientific demonstration. Question options: a) iconography b) composition c) content d) subject matter
d) subject matter
How did historical fact replace the fanciful notions of Rome and its ancient society? Question options: a) the monumental work of Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire b) the work of Johann Winckelmann, History of Ancient Art c) the paintings of David d) the discovery and excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii
d) the discovery and excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii
Muybridge used his device, the zoopraxiscope to project a series of images. Based on the motion studies he performed, Muybridge proved that the brain holds whatever the eye sees for a fraction of a second after the eye stops seeing it. The illusion of motion was created. Which of the following was also created as a result of the illusion of motion? Question options: a) the illusion of fractured change b) the reality of continuous change c) the illusion of broken change d) the illusion of continuous change
d) the illusion of continuous change
The late-19th-century artists, both in Europe and America, insistence that paintings are independent __________________ artworks and not windows opening onto the __________________ world. Question options: a) three-dimensional; two-dimensional; b) one-dimensional; two-dimensional c) unique; real d) two-dimensional; three-dimensional
d) two-dimensional; three-dimensional
José de Ribera was most strongly influenced by the work of which of the following artists? Question options: a) Annibale Carracci b) Caravaggio c) Guido Reni d) Bernini
b) Caravaggio
____________ allowed engineers and architects to construct larger and stronger structures as well as provide fire-resistant materials for those structures. ______________ allowed for even larger spaces to be enclosed as well as taller structures. Question options: a) Trusses; Concrete b) Cast iron; Steel c) Metal in masonry; Concrete d) Cast iron; Trusses
b) Cast iron; Steel
__________________ received the prestigious commission to construct a monumental colonnade-framed piazza in front of Maderno's facade. The colonnades extend a dramatic gesture of embrace to all who enter the piazza, the artist himself referred to his colonnades as the welcoming arms of _________________. Question options: a) Maderno; Pope Paul V b) Gianlorenzo Bernini; Saint Peter's. c) Gianlorenzo Bernini; Pope Sixtus V. d) Gianlorenzo Bernini; Saint Paul's.
b) Gianlorenzo Bernini; Saint Peter's.
Which of these statements is not true about the painting Theéodore Géricault, Raft of the Medusa? Question options: a) To make the painting believable, he visited hospitals and morgues to examine corpses. He also interviewed survivors and made a model of the raft. b) He enhanced the emotional drama by using stark darks and lights and by extending the time frame depicted. Although he captured the specific moment when one man is about to die, he also recorded the bloody bodies of others lying dead on the ground. c) The subject is an unnecessary shipwreck that occurred off the coast of Africa. The ship, commanded by an incompetent political appointee, hit a reef. Of the original 150 survivors, only 15 survived after being at sea for 12 days. He depicted the final survivors sighting of a ship. d) This work of art is the artist's commentary on the practice of slavery. Géricault was a member of an abolitionist group that sought ways to end the slave trade in the colonies.
b) He enhanced the emotional drama by using stark darks and lights and by extending the time frame depicted. Although he captured the specific moment when one man is about to die, he also recorded the bloody bodies of others lying dead on the ground.
Georges Seurat differed from the Impressionist painters in which of the following ways? Question options: a) His concern for the emotional qualities of color, which he depicted using broad, passionate brush strokes. b) His disciplined and painstaking application of the color based on color theories of men like Delacroix, Helmholtz, and Chevreul. c) His return to Classical subject matter. d) His depiction of dream imagery using the visual techniques discovered by the Impressionists.
b) His disciplined and painstaking application of the color based on color theories of men like Delacroix, Helmholtz, and Chevreul.
Which one of the following Renaissance churches influenced Maderno's design for Santa Susanna in Rome? Question options: a) San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome b) Il Gesù, Rome c) Cathedral, Florence d) St. Maria Novella, Florence
b) Il Gesù, Rome
What Delacroix knew about color he passed on to later painters of the 19th century, particularly the ____________________. He observed that pure colors are as rare in nature as ____________ and that color appears only in an infinitely varied scale of different tones, shadings, and reflections. Question options: a) Post- Impressionists; colors b) Impressionists; lines c) Realist; colors d) Post- Impressionists; lines
b) Impressionists; lines
How did Timothy O'Sullivan's A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863 respond as a new medium and how did it impact the nation? Question options: a) A debate immediately began over whether the photograph was an art form or if the camera was merely a scientific instrument. b) It brought the immediacy of the soldier's death to the people. c) It focused on the horror of the moment with its direct and objective recording of the awful harvest in that Gettysburg field. The endless horizon filled with dead bodies created a lament for the dead and for the nation. d) This new medium became a powerful tool to document and to communicate almost instantly events that took place within a short span of time.
b) It brought the immediacy of the soldier's death to the people. c) It focused on the horror of the moment with its direct and objective recording of the awful harvest in that Gettysburg field. The endless horizon filled with dead bodies created a lament for the dead and for the nation. d) This new medium became a powerful tool to document and to communicate almost instantly events that took place within a short span of time.
_________________ perfected the medium of etching, Rembrandt was among those who knew and learned from his work. He created one of the first pictorial records of the human disaster armed conflict creates. His etchings created detailed powerful statements, and his work was widely known and influential. Question options: a) Georges de la Tour b) Jacques Callot c) Jean- Baptiste Colber d) Charles Le Brun
b) Jacques Callot
The artist whose work best spoke for the French Revolution was which of the following? Question options: a) Angelica Kauffmann b) Jacques-Louis David c) Honoré Fragonard d) Élizabeth Vigée-Lebrun
b) Jacques-Louis David
_________________ was a German and the first modern historian of art. He wrote a book on Greek art designating the art form as perfect. He organized each monument according to subject matter, style, and period, thus laying the foundation for the art historical method. His theoretical and historical approaches did much to spread the taste for Neoclassicism that lasted well into the 19th century. Question options: a) John Locke b) Johann Winckelmann c) Denis Diderot d) Voltair
b) Johann Winckelmann
In John Constable's landscapes painting The Hay Wain the people blend in, they are one with nature. They are relaxed not as observers but as participants in the landscape's being. The Hay Wain reveals a kinship with ________________ artist. Question options: a) Neoclassic b) Romantic c) Classical d) Realistic
b) Romantic
At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. Which taught that color was the most important element? Question options: a) Grand Manner b) Rubenistes c) Poussinistes d) Naturalists
b) Rubenistes
Extreme subjectivity and the need to see through reality to a deeper reality was most typical of which of the following styles? Question options: a) Impressionists b) Symbolists c) Neoclassicists d) Realists
b) Symbolists
________________________ was the first significant institution of its kind in the history of Western art. The Carracci established it on the premises that art can be taught—the basis of any academic philosophy of art—and that art instruction must include the classical and Renaissance traditions in addition to the study of anatomy and life drawing. Question options: a) The Carracci academy b) The Bolognese academy c) The Académie de France d) Florence's Accademia del Disegno
b) The Bolognese academy
In ___________________was among the first artist to attempt to depict the dark terrain of the human subconscious that became fertile ground for later artists to harvest. Question options: a) Ancient of Days by William Blake b) The Nightmare by Henry Fuseli c) The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters by Francisco Goya d) The Rapt of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault
b) The Nightmare by Henry Fuseli
In The Night Café, the artist has shown us a benign scene yet the scene has a sense of charged energy and oppressive atmosphere. How did the artist communicate this? Question options: a) Through use of a bar always a bad place b) Through us of vivid hues whose juxtaposition augmented their intensity c) Through use of soft color and tilted perspective d) Through use of the crowds create the tension
b) Through us of vivid hues whose juxtaposition augmented their intensity
Which of the following architects conceived the building as a whole and molded it almost as a clay sculpture? Question options: a) Louis Sullivan b) Henry Richardson c) Antonio Gaudi d) Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
c) Antonio Gaudi
Hotel Van Eetvelde, Brussels designed by Victor Horta is the ________________ style that was born from the slightly earlier Arts and Crafts movement. It represents a synthesis of all styles based on natural form that could be mass-produced for a large audience. Question options: a) Impressionism b) Fin-de-siecle c) Art Nouveau d) Arts and Crafts Movement
c) Art Nouveau
__________________ creates a new interior effect in basically a traditional basilican plan church. In the ____________________________, he banishes all straight lines. The church is laid out in tangent ovals and circles setting space in a continuous, undulating motion. Each part of the church and the various architectural features pulse, flow and comingle. Question options: a) Zimmermann, Wieskirche, Füssen, b) Fischer Von Erlach, Karlskirche, Vienna, c) Balthasar Neumann; Church of the Vierzehnheiligen d) François de Cuvilliés, Hall of Mirrors
c) Balthasar Neumann; Church of the Vierzehnheiligen
Inigo Jones created a clear and dignified design for the Banqueting House at Whitehall. He superimposed two orders by using columns in the center and pilasters near the ends. The balustrade roofline has an uninterrupted horizontal sweep that predates which of the following structures? Question options: a) Garden Façade, Versailles b) St. Paul's, London c) East façade, Louvre d) San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome
c) East façade, Louvre
How did the work of Hogarth present a "moral tone"? Question options: a) His work satirized the social milieu of the day. b) He presented the immoralities of the elite, documenting their vices and their failures. c) He presented his work as a series of chapters in a book or scenes from a play. The viewer follows the characters, visually, through their mean and dishonest lives. d) Hogarth's work was very popular as it could be easily understood and the final episode always ended with the main characters recanting their lifestyles.
c) He presented his work as a series of chapters in a book or scenes from a play. The viewer follows the characters, visually, through their mean and dishonest lives.
Hendrick Ter Brugghen and artists in the Dutch Republic did produce religious art. He painted the Calling of Saint Matthew a Caravaggio theme. Hendrick followed Caravaggio's composition in many aspects. Which of these statements or statement is an example of an aspect that he did not follow? Question options: a) The Dutch painter compressed the figures into a small but well-lit space, creating an intimate effect compared with Caravaggio's more spacious setting. b) He dispensed with Caravaggio's stark contrasts of dark and light and instead presented the viewer with a more colorful palette of soft tints. c) He used a unique source of light depiction called tenebrism, with Levi's face highlighted for the viewer by the beam of light emanating from an unspecified source above Christ's head and outside the picture. d) The moment of the narrative chosen and the naturalistic depiction of the figures, echo Caravaggio's work.Type: T F
c) He used a unique source of light depiction called tenebrism, with Levi's face highlighted for the viewer by the beam of light emanating from an unspecified source above Christ's head and outside the picture.
In Josiah Johnson Hawes and Albert Sands Southworth, Early Operation under Ether, Massachusetts General Hospital the elevated viewpoint flattens the spatial perspective and emphasizes the relationships of the figures in ways the, ________________________ especially _____________, found intriguing. Question options: a) Post-Impressionists; Degas b) Impressionists; Manet c) Impressionists; Degas d) Romanticism; Renoir
c) Impressionists; Degas
The fluid articulation of human forms in the work Consequences of War and the energy emanating from the chaotic scene are hallmarks of ___________________________ mature style. Question options: a) Jan Vermeer b) Rembrandt van Rijn c) Peter Paul Rubens d) Anthony van Dyck
c) Peter Paul Rubens
Rousseau the artist of The Sleeping Gypsy frequently placed his subjects in exotic settings. In this work an impending encounter takes places between a lion and sleeping gypsy. This encounter recalls the uneasiness of a person's vulnerable subconscious self during sleep. This was a subject of central importance to ______________. He influenced the development of ______________. Question options: a) Karl Marx; Surrealism b) Arthur Rimbaud; Futurism c) Sigmund Freud; Surrealism d) Gustave Moreau; Expressionism
c) Sigmund Freud; Surrealism
In The Gates of Hell, Rodin decided to cover each of the doors with a continuous writhing mass of tormented men and women, sinners condemned to Dante's second circle of Hell for their lust. The dreamlike (or rather, the nightmarish) vision connects Rodin with the_______________, and the pessimistic mood exemplifies the ________________ spirit. Question options: a) Impressionists; Impressionist b) Impressionists; Symbolist c) Symbolists; fin-de-siècle d) fin-de-siècles; Impressionist
c) Symbolists; fin-de-siècle
In his painting, The Gross Clinic , Thomas Eakins portrayed things as he saw them and not as the public might want them portrayed. Question options: a) Three Women in a Village Church b) The Thankful Poor c) The Gross Clinic d) Beata Beatrix
c) The Gross Clinic
CARAVAGGIO, Calling of Saint Matthew Michelangelo's Creation of AdamIn Caravaggio's Calling of Saint Matthew Christ's extended arm is reminiscent of the Lord's in Michelangelo's Creation of Adam, the position of his hand and wrist is similar to Adam's. This reference was highly appropriate, because the Church considered Christ to be the second _____________. Question options: a) Christ b) God image c) Coming of Christ d) Adam
d) Adam
The ___________________________ was a reaction against industrialization with distrust of capitalism and machines, its goal was to produce functional objects with high aesthetic value for broader public consumption. Question options: a) Impressionism b) Fin-de-siecle c) Arts Nouveau d) Art and Crafts Movement
d) Art and Crafts Movement
William Morris formed a decorating firm dedicated to ________________ principles: Morris, Marshall, Faulkner, and Company, Fine Arts Workmen in Painting, Carving, Furniture, and Metals. His company did a flourishing business producing wallpaper, textiles, furniture, books, rugs, stained glass, tiles, and pottery. Question options: a) Impressionism b) Fin-de-siecle c) Art Nouveau d) Arts and Crafts
d) Arts and Crafts
________________ impacted later generations of sculptors even though many of his works are either unfinished or were deliberate fragments. They created a powerful, expressive image, which did not necessarily need context to establish itself. Contemporary viewers were able to see and appreciate his work because they were able to appreciate the expressiveness the textured surfaces created. Question options: a) Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux b) Charles Rennie Mackintosh c) Gianlorenzo Bernini d) Auguste Rodin
d) Auguste Rodin
In America, landscape painting was the specialty of a group of artists known as the _________________. Landscape painting became the perfect vehicle for artists (and the viewing public) to "naturalize" conditions, rendering debate about contentious issues moot like the idea of Manifest Destiny and eliminating any hint of conflict, such as, the Civil War. Question options: a) New York School of Art b) Bauhaus c) Bolognese Academy d) Hudson River School
d) Hudson River School
__________________ paintings do incorporate the qualities of sketches—abbreviation, speed, and spontaneity, as seen in Impression: Sunrise, in which Monet made no attempt to disguise the _________________ or blend the pigment to create smooth tonal gradations and an optically accurate scene. This concern with acknowledging the paint and the canvas surface continued the modernist exploration the ____________ began. Question options: a) Impressionist; color; Realists b) Post-Impressionist; brushstrokes; Realists c) Modernism; color; Post-Modernism d) Impressionist; brushstrokes; Realists
d) Impressionist; brushstrokes; Realists
Pope Paul V asked Maderno in 1606 to complete Saint Peter's in Rome. In many ways Maderno's facade is a gigantic expansion of the elements of ________________first level. Question options: a) San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, Rome b) Il Gesù, Rome c) Sta. Maria Novella, Florence d) Santa Susanna's, Rome
d) Santa Susanna's, Rome
Which of the following artists had firsthand knowledge and experience of the American Civil War? Question options: a) Thomas Eakins b) John Singer Sargent c) Henry Tanner d) Winslow Homer
d) Winslow Homer
Bernini combined the arts of ________________ to archive the desired theatrical effect in the sculptural group The Ecstasy of St. Theresa for the chapel of the Cornaro family in the church of Saint Maria Della Vittoria. Uncontrollable passion and theatrical drama best describe this masterpiece of Baroque art. Question options: a) sculpture, painting, and metalwork b) architecture, sculpture, and stained glass c) sculpture, metalwork and tapestry d) architecture, sculpture, and painting
d) architecture, sculpture, and painting
Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, and Bernini all created a sculpture of David. Compare and contrast these sculptures. Which of these statements is/are true? Question options: a) Bernini's David is depicted in the process of the fight were as the others are either before or after. This adds a sense of implied time and movement; we know he is in the process of slinging the rock so we complete the action in our mind. b) Bernini's David no longer stands in the Classical contrapposto stance as in the other three David's. He extends into the surrounding space away from the vertical axis so that the concept of space now plays a part in our viewing of the work. c) There is no longer the balance between emotion and restraint in Bernini's David, but we have a full grown youth in the process of extreme physical exertion. d) The differences in the sculptures can be summed up in the differences between Classical and Hellenistic Greek sculpture. With Donatello, Verrocchio, and Michelangelo David's as Classical Greek sculpture and Bernini's David as Hellenistic Greek sculpture. e) All of these are correct with A, B, and C being the proof of statement D.
e) All of these are correct with A, B, and C being the proof of statement D.
One aspect of Rodin's work that ties him to Impressionism is ____. Question options: a) his concern for light on sculpted surfaces b) the pastel coloring of his sculptures c) his focus on exotic and imaginative themes d) breaking up the surface into intersecting planes
a) his concern for light on sculpted surfaces
A debate immediately began over whether the photograph was an art form or if the camera was merely a scientific instrument. An 1862 court case provided the answer: Photography was an art, and photographs were entitled _______________. Question options: a) to be sold by the photographer as a work of art b) to be shown in a gallery c) copyright protection d) to take photographs of whatever they want to.
c) copyright protection
Berthe Morisot focused her work in the only area allowed her as a woman in upper-class French society. Which of the following was that area? Question options: a) business world b) night life c) domestic scenes d) demimonde
c) domestic scenes
Which of the following ideas did Vincent van Gogh attempt to communicate in his Starry Night? Question options: a) Stygian darkness of night b) birth of a galaxy c) vastness of the universe d) myopia of humanity
c) vastness of the universe
