Art review

avant-garde

"advanced guard" leaders of the new directions in art

suprematism

Russian abstract art movement developed by Kazimir Malevich characterized by simple geometric shapes and associated with ideas of spiritual purity

postmodern art

a contemporary movement that began in the 1980s The dominant trends of modern art - a rejection of the past and of decorative elements and a steady movement towards nonrepresentational images are reversed Post-modern artists are interested in rediscovering the past, not rejecting it, and see history as a vast menu from which to select

Oldenburg

a father of happiness, he attempted to use "real" materials and locations as art

allegory

a form of art in which human characters personify certain qualities or ideals

pointed arch

a gothic arch a gothic arch that allowed larger openings in the outer wall and higher ceilings and the stained glass windows

expressionism

a modern art movement that went beyond an imitation of the world towards intense recreation of feeling making inner feelings visible was generally achieved with powerful colors and vivid contrast of light and dark

realism

a nineteenth century movement that rejected the idealized historical and mythological subjects of the Neoclassicism instead it focused on unembellished ordinary contemporary life as the source of the truth and meaning

happenings

a partly improvised and spontaneous piece of theatrical or other artistic performance, typically involving audience participation

neoclassicism

a reaction of Rococo art and the visual expression of the ideals of the Enlightenment of the 18th and 19th centuries Characteristics include clarity of line, color and form Artists sought tot create universal moral lessons that would educate and improve the viewer

reformation

a rebellion led by Marin Luther against the roman catholic church in the sixteenth century resulting in the creation of Protestantism

pop art

an American and English art movement of the 1960s that celebrated the commodities and celebrities of the time

abstract expressionism

an American art movement that began in the 1950s large scale art combined Expressionisms potent psychological content and the gestural application of pain with an abandonment of any clear reference to the visual world

minimalism

an American art movement that began in the 1960s Art is stripped down to the essentials Paintings sculptures are self-sufficient and have no subject matter, content, or meaning beyond their presence as objects in space

cubism

an alternative linear perspective organization of space developed by Pablo Picasso and George Braqu in the 20th century build from a collection of observations, objects are seen from several angles simultaneously each part is equal in importance with no conventional foreground and background result is significantly shallower space compared to linear perspective, as a less naturalistic appearance

salon

an annual exhibition in Paris, began in 1737, of art chosen by members of the French Academy only important public exhibition available to artists in the mid-nineteenth century

futurism

an early twentieth century Italian art movement led by poet Filippo Marinetti celebration of the age of the machine, it called fro a complete utter rejection of art of the past

Salon des Refuses

an exhibit sponsored by Napoleon III because rejections became such a scandal Important because it was the first time the state had sponsored a show that was not approved by academic juries

nationalism

an extremum form of this, esp. marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries

secondary symbolism

common in medieval and northern Renaissance art where details have additional meanings, such as a white lily being the Virgin Mary

gothic

elaborately decorated medieval building style of the twelfth through the fifteenth centuries, whose unique features were pointed arch, the ribbed vault, exterior tying buttresses, high ceilings, and the stained glass windows

fauvism

fauves literally "wild beasts" a group of French artists lead by Henri Matisse in the early 1900s ignored perspective and used bright colors as a source of pleasure

Hudson River school

group of 19th century American romantic painters These artists saw in America an unspoiled land of great promise and painted many views of the Hudson Valley and other wilderness areas in the Northeast

flying buttresses

in a gothic church, an exterior support for stability

serpentinata

in mannerism the most elegant pose for a body when the limbs and the torso resemble the letter "s"

neoexpressionism

international revival of expressionist methods that began in the 1970s Combines vigorous paint strokes with emotion-laden figurative imagery

tenebroso

literally meaning "dark manner" a technique of the followers of Michelangelo da Caravaggio

renaissance

meaning "rebirth" a period of famous artists and architecture and generally considered to mark the beginning of the modern world spanning throughout the 14th and 16th centuries in Europe, marked by renewed interest in classical culture as well as the development of capitalism, the rise of the nation state, scientific investigation, individualism, and the age of exploration

DADA

meaningless name for an international art movement that began in WWI manifestos called for the destruction of all values-the end of art, morality, and society anti-erat which took the form of bizarre performances and exhibition of found objects, or "ready mades" was an effort to evolve a new way of thinking, feeling, and seeing

impressionism

modern art movement that began around 1870 in France based on the idea of conveying an immediate impression of a pace and time of day impressionist painters worked outdoors, directly studying the moment's light and color typical style achieved heightened color effects by placing colors side by side rather than mixing them

sublime

of such excellence, grandeur, or rusty as to inspire great admiration or awe

stained glass

part of the gothic style, it was designed to let in divine light ad tell stories to the illiterate

supperrealism

photorealism Movement that began in the 1970s that in two dimensions, re-creates the look of photographs In three dimensions, castin gis often used to achieve the utmost fidelity to reality

ribbed vault

reinforced ribs creating a stone skeleton for the gothic structure

postimpressionism

separate expressions of dissatisfaction with Impressionism at the end of the 19th century by artists who had initially worked in that style most important: George Seurat, Paul Gauguin, Vincent Van Gogh, Paul Cezanne

collage

the combination of cut and pasted paper, photographs, and other materials on a 2D surface

byzantine

the eastern roman empire founded by Constantine also an art style of the civilization centered in Constantinople during the middle ages that was less naturalistic and more symbolic, stylized, flat, and decorative than before the fall of the empire

analytical cubism

the first phase of cubism collection of views from different angles fused into a balanced design with limited color

baroque

the period in the 17th century that included art with a dramatic use of light and dark preferences for dynamic movement and theatrical effects as well as intense naturalism and the inclusion of the elements of ordinary life in religious scenes

Humanism

the predominant philosophy of the renaissance and catalyst for he period's greatest achievements two main ingredients were the study of ancient cultural achievements of the Greeks and Romans and respect for the individual

iconoclasm

the rejection or destruction of religious images as heretical the doctrine of iconoclast the action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs and institutions or established values and practices

Jan Van Eyck

this artist was obsessed with detail, like the rest of the Northern Renaissance painters not as much of an obsession in the south and it's the quickest way to tell the works from north and south He also created detail upon detail, this was his signature way of recreating nature

performance art

twentieth century events designed to be ephemeral, lasting only in memory

San Vitale

Decorated in 547, contains some of the most famous mosaics the images became more byzantine centerpieces are on the side of the alter, a group portrait of Justinian and Attendants and the other a portrait of empress Theodora

Mannerism

16th century Italian art movement that was a reaction to Renaissance ideals artists of this movement used distortion to demonstrate their inventiveness their highest aim was elegance

four thousand

1863 ____ artists were refused by the official Salon

romanticism

19th century reaction to Neoclassicism, by rejecting logic and order and looking for the inner truth of intuition and passions These artists admired the untamed power of nature and used a painterly style

Albercth Durer

He had the mathematical perspective that had not yet come from Italy. He took it upon himself to bring the ideas of the Hight Renaissance to Northern Europe Became known as the "Leonardo of the North" because of his interests: writing on paintings, perspective, human proportions, fortifications, with others his sketches were studies of nature and detail