ATP review for Exam

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What is gylcolysis?

breakdown of glucose to pyruvate

Where does glycolysis occur?

cytoplasm of the cell

The mitochondria is a _________ membrane bound organelle

double

oxidative phosphorylation occurs where?

electron transport chain

The fact that mitochondria exist inside a eukaryotic cell is proof of what theory?

endosymbiotic theory

ATP breakdown yields what?

energy

ATP synthesis requires what?

energy

Glucose is a major ______ source for the body?

energy

Reduction is ________ of electrons

gain

What happens to the pyruvate generated by glycolyiss if no oxygen is present?

goes to fermentation

Oxidation is ______ of electrons

loss

Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?

mitochondrial matrix

What is the name for adding a phosphate group to an ATP molecule?

phosphorylation

The Citric Acid Cycle turns how many times per molecule of glucose?

twice

NADH loses a hydrogen ion and what happens?

uses the energy from the electron transport chain to pump the hydrogen ions across to the gradient

What are the molecules generated for each turn of the Cycle?

1) 2 CO2 2) 3 NADH 3) 1 FADH 4) 1 ATP

What are the two main steps of cellular respiration?

1) glycolysis 2) Aerobic metabolism

Glycolysis generates how many pyruvate per glucose?

2

Mitochondria is critical for what functions inside the cell?

ATP production and aerobic metabolism

95% of our ATP comes from what type of metabolism?

Aerobic metabolism

What happens with the hydrogen ions that are pumped back through the pump?

Combine with the electron and the oxygen to make water

Inner membrane folds of the mitochondria are called what?

Cristae

NADH does what in relation to the electron transport chain?

Donates an electron

Proteins located across the inner membrane of the mitochondria form the what?

Electron transport chain

What happens to the energy from the Citric Acid Cycle?

Energy stored in FADH and NADH are taken to the electron transport chain

What is the fuel that drives the production of ATP?

Glucose

After NADH donates it's electron and hydrogen what does it do?

Goes for another round on the citric acid cycle

Inner fluid of the mitochondria is called what?

Matrix

The electron transport chain utilizes which two molecules?

NADH and FADH

What are the two main electron carriers involved in cellular respiration?

NADH and FADH

What pulls the electron of the electron transport chain?

O2 from the air we breath in

For the electron transport chain to happen what must be present?

Oxygen

What kind of energy is created by the gradient?

Potential energy

What happens to pyruvate generated if oxygen is present?

Pyruvte goes to citric acid cycle

What is the main function of the Citric Acid cycle?

Remove hydrogen atoms and electrons from organic molecules and transfer them to enzymes

The diffusion of the hydrogen ions across the pump produces what?

The creation of ATP from ADP + Pi

The potential energy created by the gradient of Hydrogen Ions is used for what?

The production of ATP

ATP has how many high energy bonds?

Two high energy bonds

Chemiosmosis results in a what?

a Gradient of hydrogen ions within the inner membrane

Pyruvate is converted to what before entering the Citric Acid Cycle?

acetyl-CoA

What is ATP?

adenosine triphosphate

the pyruvate generated by glycolysis can be be used for which two processes?

aerobic metabolism or fermentation

Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?

anaerobic


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