ATP review for Exam
What is gylcolysis?
breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
Where does glycolysis occur?
cytoplasm of the cell
The mitochondria is a _________ membrane bound organelle
double
oxidative phosphorylation occurs where?
electron transport chain
The fact that mitochondria exist inside a eukaryotic cell is proof of what theory?
endosymbiotic theory
ATP breakdown yields what?
energy
ATP synthesis requires what?
energy
Glucose is a major ______ source for the body?
energy
Reduction is ________ of electrons
gain
What happens to the pyruvate generated by glycolyiss if no oxygen is present?
goes to fermentation
Oxidation is ______ of electrons
loss
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur?
mitochondrial matrix
What is the name for adding a phosphate group to an ATP molecule?
phosphorylation
The Citric Acid Cycle turns how many times per molecule of glucose?
twice
NADH loses a hydrogen ion and what happens?
uses the energy from the electron transport chain to pump the hydrogen ions across to the gradient
What are the molecules generated for each turn of the Cycle?
1) 2 CO2 2) 3 NADH 3) 1 FADH 4) 1 ATP
What are the two main steps of cellular respiration?
1) glycolysis 2) Aerobic metabolism
Glycolysis generates how many pyruvate per glucose?
2
Mitochondria is critical for what functions inside the cell?
ATP production and aerobic metabolism
95% of our ATP comes from what type of metabolism?
Aerobic metabolism
What happens with the hydrogen ions that are pumped back through the pump?
Combine with the electron and the oxygen to make water
Inner membrane folds of the mitochondria are called what?
Cristae
NADH does what in relation to the electron transport chain?
Donates an electron
Proteins located across the inner membrane of the mitochondria form the what?
Electron transport chain
What happens to the energy from the Citric Acid Cycle?
Energy stored in FADH and NADH are taken to the electron transport chain
What is the fuel that drives the production of ATP?
Glucose
After NADH donates it's electron and hydrogen what does it do?
Goes for another round on the citric acid cycle
Inner fluid of the mitochondria is called what?
Matrix
The electron transport chain utilizes which two molecules?
NADH and FADH
What are the two main electron carriers involved in cellular respiration?
NADH and FADH
What pulls the electron of the electron transport chain?
O2 from the air we breath in
For the electron transport chain to happen what must be present?
Oxygen
What kind of energy is created by the gradient?
Potential energy
What happens to pyruvate generated if oxygen is present?
Pyruvte goes to citric acid cycle
What is the main function of the Citric Acid cycle?
Remove hydrogen atoms and electrons from organic molecules and transfer them to enzymes
The diffusion of the hydrogen ions across the pump produces what?
The creation of ATP from ADP + Pi
The potential energy created by the gradient of Hydrogen Ions is used for what?
The production of ATP
ATP has how many high energy bonds?
Two high energy bonds
Chemiosmosis results in a what?
a Gradient of hydrogen ions within the inner membrane
Pyruvate is converted to what before entering the Citric Acid Cycle?
acetyl-CoA
What is ATP?
adenosine triphosphate
the pyruvate generated by glycolysis can be be used for which two processes?
aerobic metabolism or fermentation
Is glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic?
anaerobic
