Axial Skeleton A&P 1 Lab

How many pairs of ribs are there?

12

Identify the typical number of vertebrae that fuse during development to form the coccyx

3-5

The sella turcica is best described as:

A depression

Which vertebra lacks both a body and spinous process?

Atlas

Another name for the axis is:

C2

Identify the small facial bones found in the medial wall of the orbit.

Lacrimal

Which facial bones fuse to form the upper jaw?

Maxillary

Which surface of the maxillary bones fuse together?

Medial

Identify the landmark that is not part of the sphenoid bone.

Olfactory foramina

Identify the posterior most region of the hard palate.

Palatine bones

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately inferior to the lumbar region?

Sacral

Name the vertebral projection oriented in a median plane.

Spinous process

Identify the region of the temporal bone found superior to the external acoustic meatus that articulates with the parietal bone.

Squamous part

Which region of the vertebral column is immediately superior to the lumbar region?

Thoracic

Identify the articulation site for a tubercle of a rib.

Transverse costal facet

Foramina located in the _____ is a characteristic of cervical vertebrae.

Transverse processes

Identify the region on the temporal bone that forms much of the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic process

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

atlas

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra?

axis

The __________ of a typical vertebra forms the rounded, central portion that faces anteriorly in the human vertebral column.

body

Eight bones make up the __________ , which encloses and protects the brain.

cranium

The ________ on the axis (C2) forms a pivot point with the atlas (C1) that allows you to nod a "no."

dens

The ethmoid bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum. (true or false)

false

This single bone of the skull underlies the area we commonly call the forehead.

frontal

Identify the part of a rib that articulates in the demi-facets of the thoracic vertebra.

head

This bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body. Muscles of the neck and tongue attach to it.

hyoid

These facial bones increase the ability of the nasal passageways to warm and humidify incoming air.

inferior nasal conchae

This foramen lies between the temporal and occipital bones on the inferior surface of the skull. A major vein and several cranial nerves pass through it.

jugular foramen

These small paired bones of the orbit contain a passageway through which tears pass.

lacrimal

The ________ is the only facial bone with a sinus.

maxilla

These keystone bones of the face contact all other facial bones except the mandible.

maxillae

Which of theses projections of the ethmoid bone are most visible in the nasal cavity?

middle nasal conchae

The foramen magnum is located in which bone of the skull?

occipital

The tiny holes in the cribriform plate are:

olfactory foramina

The midline suture marking the articulation of the two parietal bones is called the ________ suture.

sagittal

The hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica, surrounds the pituitary gland, and is a part of the ________ bone.

sphenoid

Costal facets are found on the ________ vertebrae.

thoracic

The __________ vertebrae articulate with the corresponding ribs.

thoracic

This primary curvature of the spine is located in the chest region.

thoracic

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra.

transverse process

The ethmoid bone is part of the axial skeleton. (true or false)

true

This facial bone forms part of the nasal septum.

vomer

These are the cheekbones of the face.

zygomatics

How many vertebrae comprise the thoracic region of the spine?

12

How many bones make up the nasal septum?

2

How many ribs make up the rib cage?

24

How many lumbar vertebrae are in the vertebral column?

5

How many pairs of ribs are considered false ribs?

5

Name the number of vertebrae that fuse together to form the sacrum.

5

How many pairs of ribs articulate directly with the sternum?

7

How many vertebrae make up the cervical region of the vertebral column?

7

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no".

Atlas - axis

Identify the region of the sacrum that articulates with the hip bone.

Auricular surface

Identify a unique characteristic of a typical cervical vertebra.

Bifid spinous process

Identify the central portion of the sternum.

Body

Which region of the vertebral column contains the smallest vertebrae?

Cervical region

Identify the general location of the zygomatic arch.

Cheek

Identify the tailbone.

Coccyx

Identify the recessed area surrounding the crista galli.

Cribriform plates

Identify the landmark that projects superiorly into the floor of the skull and serves as a site of attachment for the meninges.

Crista galli

________ a superior projection on the ________ bone, attaches to the dura mater and secures the brain within the skull.

Crista galli, ethmoid

Identify the articulation site for the head of a rib.

Demi-facet

Which of the following characteristics do not belong to the lumbar region?

Elongated spinous process

Which of the following bones is not a facial bone?

Ethmoid

Identify the hole that marks the opening of the ear canal on the superficial surface of the skull

External acoustic meatus

Identify the location of the sphenoid bone.

Floor of the skull

Name the opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Foramen magnum

What part of the nasal cavity is formed by the nasal septum?

Forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity.

Which of the following bones is unpaired?

Frontal

Name the type of connective tissue that anchors the ribs onto the sternum.

Hyaline cartilage

Identify the location of the ethmoid bone.

In between the orbits

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it.

Inferior articular processes

Identify the small hole on the maxillary bone located below the orbit.

Infraorbital foramen

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen?

Intervertebral discs

Which bone is NOT considered to be part of the cranium?

Lacrimal bone

Identify the large suture on the posterior surface of the skull at the border of the occipital bone.

Lambdoid

Which of these regions of the vertebral column would be most accessible from a posterior surgical approach?

Lamina

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone that contains the optic canal.

Lesser wings

Which region of the mandible articulates with the cranium?

Mandibular condyle

Which landmark is not visible from an anterior view?

Mandibular foramina

Identify the region of the temporal bone that articulates with the lower jaw.

Mandibular fossa

Name the U shaped border found between the mandibular condyle and the coronoid process.

Mandibular notch

The region of the mandible that anchors the coronoid process is the:

Mandibular ramus

Identify the shield shaped top of the sternum.

Manubrium

Which landmark is composed of fused spinous processes?

Median sacral crest

Nerves and blood vessels pass through the _____ to reach the chin.

Mental foramina

Which facial bones makeup the central portion of the bridge of the nose?

Nasal

Which of the following bones do not contain a sinus?

Nasal

Which of the following locations is not formed by part of the maxillae?

Nasal septum

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes"

Occipital bone - atlas

Identify the area of the occipital bone that articulates with the vertebral column.

Occipital condyles

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas.

Occipital condyles

Which facial bones form the roof of the mouth?

Palatine bones and Maxillary bones

Which part of the maxillary bones form the roof of the mouth?

Palatine processes

Identify the part of the ethmoid bone that contributes to the nasal septum.

Perpendicular plate

Which part of the ethmoid bone forms part of the nasal septum?

Perpendicular plate

Identify the location of the occipital bone.

Posterior surface and base of the cranium

Identify the bony posterior wall of the pelvis.

Sacrum

The nasal septum occupies which anatomic plane?

Sagittal

Identify the suture found between the 2 parietal bones.

Sagittal suture

Identify the region of the sphenoid bone in contact with the pituitary gland.

Sella turcica

Which cranial bone spans the width of the cranial floor?

Sphenoid

Identify the landmark on the temporal bone that is a pointy spine.

Styloid process

Which region of the vertebral column is located superior to the thoracic region and which region is inferior to the thoracic region, respectively?

Superiorly: cervical and inferiorly: lumbar

Which of the following thoracic vertebrae is the largest?

T12

Identify the region on the zygomatic bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

Temporal process

Identify the cranial nerve that passes through the olfactory foramina.

The olfactory nerve (CN I)

Identify the region of a rib that articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra.

Tubercle

What bone forms part of the nasal septum?

Vomer

Which bone forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum?

Vomer

What part of the sternum is palpated prior to giving CPR?

Xiphoid Process

Identify the 2 bones that make up the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic bone and temporal bone

What is the anatomical name for the facial bones known as "cheekbones"?

Zygomatic bones

Identify the region of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

Zygomatic process

Which part of a vertebra is known as the centrum?

body

The seven bones of the neck are called __________ vertebrae.

cervical

You pick up a vertebra to identify it and note that the transverse processes contain foramina. This unique feature identifies the vertebra as coming from the ________ region of the vertebral column.

cervical

The occipital bone forms part of the:

cranium

Seven pairs of ribs articulate ________ with the sternum.

directly via costal cartilages

The cribriform foramina, through which the fibers of cranial nerve I pass, are located in the ________ bone on the floor of the skull.

ethmoid

The ethmoid bone is a facial bone. (true or false)

false

The first seven pairs of ribs are called floating ribs because they have only indirect cartilage attachments to the sternum. (true or false)

false

The lumbar vertebrae are roughly the same size as vertebrae from the rest of the vertebral column. (true or false)

false

A fontanelle __________.

is found only in the fetal skull; allows for compression of the skull during birth; is a fibrous membrane

The lower jawbone, or __________, articulates with the temporal bones in the only freely movable joints in the skull.

mandible

These large paired bones form most of the lateral and superior walls of the cranial vault (calvaria).

parietal

The ________ is a median posterior projection arising at the junction of two laminae of the vertebral body.

spinous process

The __________, commonly referred to as the breastbone, is a flat bone formed by the fusion of three bones: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.

sternum

The cranial bones that house the organs of hearing are the ________ bones.

temporal

The axial skeleton can be divided into the skull, the vertebral column, and the __________.

thoracic cage

The lumbar vertebrae are found in the lower back. (true or false)

true

The shape of the spinous process can be used to help determine if a vertebra is from the lumbar region.(true or false)

true

The sphenoid bone contains a sinus. (true or false)

true