BA 352 Final Study Guide

Which of the following is true of teams? The members of a team operate relatively independently of each other, and other members are not essential to their completion of goals. Groups are formed with a specific purpose in mind, while teams do not have a specific goal. Interactions among members within teams are more personal and informal than interactions between people in groups. A team consists of two or more people who work independently, with distinct goals and strategies. A team works interdependently over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose.

A team works interdependently over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose.

Elizabeth collected data in her own company to identify the relationship between motivation training and employee productivity. The data reveals a moderate correlation, such that if you increase motivation training, your employees may increase their productivity. Which value below is most likely to be the correlation revealed in the data? -.50 .10 .30 -.20 .50

.30

When Kate asks Jason why he decides to stay with the company, Jason replies that for him, it is the company's relaxed atmosphere and his best friends there that keeps him working there. Jason is exhibiting ________ commitment.

Affective

Which statement below is true about cognitive ability? Cognitive ability is not a good predictor of citizenship behavior Cognitive ability drives what employees will do an a typical day of work Cognitive ability is more correlated to job performance that the other Big Five personality traits. Cognitive ability has a moderate correlation with organizational commitment

Cognitive ability is more correlated to job performance that the other Big Five personality traits.

Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitment that focuses on the financial benefits of work than the other two commitment types? Normative commitment Evaluative commitment Continuance commitment Affective commitment

Continuance commitment

Tyler works for a local restaurant. At the beginning of the covid pandemic, the restaurant was concerned about the potential for spreading germs from repeated handling of menus. Tyler suggested that the company adopt a novel approach of creating a QR code of the menu as a solution. Tyler was engaging in which type of task performance? Creative Task Performance Adaptive Task Performance Routine Task Performance Novel Task Performance

Creative Task Performance

A printer breaks at work and causes a disruption for Angela in her work day. This is an example of what type of work stressor? Time pressure Daily hassle Work complexity Work responsibility

Daily hassle

Tyler is working on a challenging project for Black Company. He enjoys the challenge and is making substantial progress. He anticipates that he will complete his portion of the project in two weeks. His boss sends him an email announcing she has told the client he will be finished with his work in three days. Tyler believes that this is an impossible target. According to goal setting theory, Tyler's motivation will: The new, The new deadline will have no impact on Tyler's motivation Remain the same as Tyler is a good employee Decrease as he now views the task as impossible Increase as he wants to impress his boss

Decrease as he now views the task as impossible

_________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience. Disjunctive Similarity-attraction Conjunctive Surface-level Deep-level

Deep-level

Good people in organizations are especially valuable because they are:

Difficult to imitate

In job characteristics theory, the following is not a determinant of satisfaction with the work itself: Responsibility for outcomes Ease of work Knowledge of results Meaningfulness of work

Ease of work

Amy is an expert at personality traits and their effects on job performance. If Amy were to recommend a candidate for hire, without any further knowledge about the specific work responsibilities, which one of the following applicants should Amy choose to hire? Henry, who goes out of his way to help others and show them respect Matt, who gets easily jealous and worries that he is not good enough to do his job Stephanie, who has very complex ideas and constantly seeks answers Jason, who talks to everyone and likes to be in the middle of the action Elizabeth, who likes to work hard until a task is completely finished

Elizabeth

Self-efficacy causes employees to believe they have the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities to accomplish the job. Which of the following is not an example of self-efficacy? Lucy is spurred on by the visible excitement of her teammates Elizabeth believes she will be successful due to the clarity in her job description Molly relies on her experience in the same role to bolster her confidence Bradley believes he can accomplish the task because he has seen his friend Mary do it Ryan receives positive messages from his coach expressing belief in his abilities

Elizabeth believes she will be successful due to the clarity in her job description

Brittany has been given a great deal of opportunity to advance her career. She recently got a huge increase in authority and salary, and she was hired to do what she has always claimed was her dream job. However, Brittany compares her office and title to her coworker Tara and notices that Tara got a bigger office and nicer furniture than she did. Brittany's motivation declines and she complains about the lack of fairness in her treatment. Brittany's behavior would seem to support ________ theory. Autonomy Valence Equity Acknowledgement

Equity

_________ knowledge is information that is relatively easily communicated and a large part of what companies teach during training sessions. Explicit Tacit Implied Inferred Inherent

Explicit

T/F: Both hinderance and challenges stressors lead to negative emotions and therefore negatively impact job performance.

False

T/F: Emotional support from friends and family is nice, but has not been shown to be helpful in managing high stress situations.

False

T/F: It is appropriate for an organization to base an employee's performance review solely upon the financial results of the company.

False

T/F: Strong cultures are always good cultures as they guide their employees toward the most successful organizational outcomes.

False

T/F: The study of organizational behavior is based on the belief that with sufficient analysis one thing can be identified which will increase company profitability.

False

Which of the following generations is experiencing the highest levels of stress according to a 2022 APA study?

Gen Z

Lorenzo was recently hired at an advertising firm. Part of his training involves moving through all of the departments and learning what each one does. Every day is something new for him and requires him to use different skills and knowledge. He truly enjoys the challenge of facing something new every workday. Lorenzo's job is characterized by high skill variety high task identity high status and power high autonomy

High skill variety

As task performance is an important element of job performance, companies must accurately identify the work tasks and behaviors for each position as well as the frequency of the tasks or requirements . The process of identifying such task performance behaviors is known as: Performance review Job review Task identification Job analysis Job description

Job analysis

Which of the following is a primary individual outcome of interest to organizational behavior researchers according to the integrative model? Job performance Culture Team processes Stress Ability

Job performance

Which of the following is an example of autonomy as a job characteristic? Kelley enjoys her job walking dogs because she gets to make choices about different routes every day. During his training, Scott receives a word of caution from a coworker that the boss is super picky about the way the office phones are answered. Kyle must follow orders precisely in order to meet the timelines that are laid out in his job. Mary appreciates that her job came with a very thorough manual of policies and procedures.

Kelley enjoys her job walking dogs because she gets to make choices about different routes every day.

Which of the following is not an example of an extrinsic motivator? Pay Promotion Knowledge gain Benefits & perks

Knowledge gain

Ella believes that 360-degree performance review is ideal for her company because her mentor strongly recommended it. Which of the following method is she relying on? Method of Experience Method of Intuition Method of Authority Method of Science

Method of Authority

Which of the Big Five personality traits declines most as a person ages?

Neuroticism

Jesse believes that his co-workers, company, and the greater environment would benefit from a composting option in the office kitchens. He researches other firms that have put such a program in place and works to drive understanding and support for the placement of such compost containers in each kitchen in the office. He then encourages his co-workers to use the compositing option and finds an opportunity to set up an organic garden on site. Jesse is engaging in: Adaptive task performance Organizational citizenship behavior Task performance Counterproductive work behavior

Organizational citizenship behavior

Paul and Kelley are discussing their workdays. Paul says that he was irritable all day, but still managed to meet his project deadline. He did not feel like himself during the day. Kelley responded that she had a meeting at the end of the day where her boss surprised her with a team spirit award and she so excited to be recognized that she could not remember her speech. Which of the following is a true statement: Paul was describing his affect and Kelley was describing her mood. Kelley and Paul were both describing their moods. Kelley and Paul were both describing their emotions Paul was describing his mood while Kelley was describing her emotional response.

Paul was describing his mood while Kelley was describing her emotional response.

The job attribute that is least correlated with job satisfaction is: Supervision Promotion Coworkers Pay Work itself

Pay

Depression, anxiety, inability to think clearly and reduced confidence are all example of: Behavioral Strains Cognitive Strains Psychological Strains Physiological Strains

Psychological Strains

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is:

Quitting

Which of the following scenarios deals with satisfaction with the work itself? Ross enjoys his job because he constantly faces new challenges Phoebe likes her job mainly because a coworker has become a close friend Chandler enjoys his job because his boss is so easy to get along with Monica is happy with her job because it's a fast-track to the top Rachel is happy with her job because she just became a department head

Ross enjoys his job because he constantly faces new challenges

Which of the following scenarios depicts someone using other awareness? Jim feels himself losing his temper and walks outside to take a deep breath Sara can tell that Greg is overwhelmed and lets him switch places with another worker Ken gets fired from a job he loves, but he immediately goes out and finds a new one by the end of the day Kathy pretends to be angry to motivate her team to work faster Melissa scores higher than anyone in her class on the SAT exam

Sara

Strategies for fostering goal commitment include the following except: Participation Rewards Satisfaction Support Publicity

Satisfaction

On the third day teaching at a public school, Melinda, who is used to teaching at a small private school, has become very frustrated with the larger class size and louder behavior than what she is accustomed to. When Tracy, the principal, comes into the room and asks how she is doing, despite wanting to pretend everything is under control, Melinda admits that she is feeling a bit frustrated and overwhelmed because she is not used to this environment. Melinda has just displayed Emotion regulation Perceptual ability Self-awareness Other awareness Use of emotion

Self-awareness

Google's People Analytics team utilizes organizational behavior practices as it analyses the people-related functions in the company. Which of the following elements is not one of the elements that the People Analytics team examines in its work?

Share Price

_________ is(are) the degree to which group members think and act alike, and _________ represent(s) how friendly employees are to one another.

Solidarity; sociability

The negative consequences of stress are referred to as:

Strains

_________ exist(s) when the overall organizational culture is supplemented by another culture governing a more specific set of employees. Encounter stages Service cultures Fragmentation Subcultures

Subcultures

Laura finds an advertisement for a bookkeeper position at a small business. The ad mentions handling accounts payable and accounts receivable, payroll, worker's compensation and unemployment insurance, and other financial matters related to the operation of the company. These items in the job description are all examples of

Task Performance

Surveys of job satisfaction can provide an employer with important information. In order for employees to participate each year, which of the following should be present: The employer must report on and address the findings of the survey The employee must be a full-time employee The employee must have long experience in working for the employer The employer must provide a monetary incentive for the employee to participate

The employer must report on and address the findings of the survey

Which of the following is true about goal setting theory? The theory argues that equity is the greatest moderator of goal achievement The theory argues that specific, difficult goals are best The theory argues that employees work hardest and are most engaged when goals are easy The theory outlines how "do-your-best" goals elicit the highest levels of performance

The theory argues that specific, difficult goals are best

The attribute most likely to result in high job satisfaction is:

The work itself

Counterproductive work behaviors (CWB) can hinder the performance of an organization. One of the most serious examples of production deviance is: Stealing office supplies Time theft Gossiping in the office Posting negative comments ab the company on social media

Time theft

Which of the following statements is true with regard to transition processes Transition processes are important as the task work is being accomplished Transition processes involve keeping track of things that the team needs to accomplish its work Transition processes involve members going out of their way to help other team members Transition processes are important between periods of work activity

Transition processes are important between periods of work activity

T/F: An employee who is high on the agreeableness personality trait may not be suited to a role as a manager.

True

T/F: From time to time, leaders need to resist the influence of other leaders or higher-ups to do what is best for their own unit.

True

T/F: Tacit knowledge is the kind of information that employees can typically learn only through experience

True

T/F: Values percept theory acknowledges that different individuals value different things about work, and that those values may change over time with life circumstances.

True

Brian and Ella are working on a team project. The boss indicates that if they perform well, he will give both of them tickets to the ballet. While Brian is enthusiastic about the performance, Ella is not interested. According to Expectancy Theory, the boss has failed to consider the ___________ of the award in trying to motivate the team. Expectancy Equity Valence Instrumentality

Valence

According to the value-percept theory, in which of the following scenarios would the employee be most dissatisfied? Vincent wants to work with people, so he took a job with a boat tour company. He didn't realize most of his hours would be spent alone doing paperwork Lucas likes helping people who are less fortunate, so he took a job as a social worker. Although he spends hours helping the poor, he dislikes his hour-long commute. Lily wants to work with numbers. As an accountant, she works with numbers for the majority of her time in the office Jasmine likes physical activity and taking risks. Her job in a circus involves both of these elements, but she also spends time cleaning animal cages.

Vincent wants to work with people, so he took a job with a boat tour company. He didn't realize most of his hours would be spent alone doing paperwork

Ruco and Zoey are taking their time getting their work done. They have already had three breaks in the past hour and a half. They could have finished this particular project an hour ago, but as Ruco just said to Zoey, "Why bother working when nobody's watching?" Which counterproductive work behavior (CWB) is exhibited here?

Wasting Resources, a CWB toward the organization

The unethical behavior of opening unauthorized accounts at which major American bank could be considered an unfortunate consequence of overprescribing goal setting?

Wells Fargo

In the tv show The Office (U.S.), Michael Scott, who is the Dunder Mifflin Scranton regional manager, gives awards called "the Dundies" to his employees every year. All the employees in this branch attend, and whoever wins a "Dundee" would give a speech. This is an example of a physical structure a ritual a symbol a story

a ritual

Keenan is the art director for Spangler Publishing, a publisher of art monographs, coffee-table books, and several niche lifestyle magazines. Keenan is extremely skilled and has a prestigious art degree and many awards. However, Keenan is also aloof and rarely offers to help those who work for and with him. Despite this, Keenan's employees trust him to lead the department. Keenan's trustworthiness appears to be based on ability disposition integrity benevolence autonomy

ability

Punishment occurs when an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior a positive outcome follows a desired behavior. consequences are removed following an unwanted behavior consequences are reinforced following a desired behavior

an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior

Ruta has built her successful company by paying close attention to details. She is meticulous and highly demanding and often imposes her decisions on subordinates. Ruta uses the _________ style of decision making. delegate consultative autocratic participative transformational

autocratic

If a professor brings a convicted white-collar criminal to speak to students about the white-collar criminal's unethical actions and the consequences of those actions, the professor is attempting to increase students' moral awareness ability propensity identity intensity

awareness

In practice, there are two major ways to change a culture. They are changes in leadership and mergers or acquisitions mergers and ASA framework. ASA framework and socialization. socialization and mergers or acquisitions.

changes in leadership and mergers or acquisitions

The highest level of interaction and coordination among members is required in _________ interdependence. reciprocal pooled comprehensive sequential

comprehensive

Orrin, the manager of Nordic Kitchen and Bath, has always been supportive of his employees and works to understand their feelings. On most occasions, he overlooks their mistakes and gives them opportunities to develop a friendly atmosphere in the office. He often takes on some of their work in order to reduce their burden. Orrin would score high on directive behavior. intermediation. initiating structure. consideration.

consideration

One way to potentially prevent problems associated with too much cohesion is to formally institute the role of a(n) _________, a person who is responsible for evaluating and challenging prevailing points of view in a constructive manner and also bringing in fresh perspectives and ideas to the team

devil's advocate

Steven's parents divorced when he was just six years old. He also experienced bullying in elementary school. As an adult, his partner lied and stole money from him. Steven is not likely to demonstrate_________ trust disposition-based cognitive-based affect-based justice-based

disposition-based

Companies merge for various reasons, but with acquisitions, the company doing the acquiring has a _________ culture to which the other is expected to adapt. fragmented safety service dominant

dominant

Which of the following answer options reflects the beliefs, philosophies, and norms that a company explicitly states? ceremonies espoused values rituals stories

espoused values

Walker International recently published its vision statement, which is an example of espoused values. basic underlying assumptions. rituals. observable artifacts

espoused values.

As a soldier in the U.S. Army, Lexi underwent an extensive course of training as a combat field medic. During that time, she learned from manuals and performed exercises involving dummies and other simulation aids. A few months later, she found herself in a combat situation overseas, treating real soldiers with actual wounds. She would later tell her family that what she learned in a day on the battlefield was worth many weeks of training in school. In terms of organizational behavior, this example illustrates the difference between_________ knowledge. explicit and tacit general and specific ordinary and esoteric theoretical and practical transitory and permanent

explicit and tacit

Which of the following represents the predictable sequence of stages in team development? performing, forming, norming, storming, and adjourning norming, forming, storming, performing, and adjourning forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning norming, forming, performing, storming, and adjourning

forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning

The "g factor" refers to:

general cognitive ability

Bradley recently joined a work group led by Dr. Hollenbeck. Bradley is good-looking and well-mannered and left a good impression on Dr. Hollenbeck on his first day of work. Bradley is known to be a strong individual contributor, but sometimes does not support his colleagues. When it came time for the annual employee performance review, Dr. Hollenbeck rated Bradley favorably across all performance dimensions. This is an example of the ___________ bias in performance rating.

halo

According to the leader-member exchange theory, the two general types of leader-member dyads are:

high-quality exchange and low-quality exchange.

Schmidt Sporting Gear, a large athletics store, pays its employees a base salary, as well as up to a 12 percent bonus based on individual performance and up to a 5 percent bonus based on team performance. Schmidt uses a reward structure with management teams. hybrid outcome interdependence parallel teams sequential interdependence

hybrid outcome interdependence

Brady looks up to his boss, Malik, who has a business degree from Yale and, like Brady, is ambitious, successful, and extroverted. Brady and Malik also share a similar, warped sense of humor. Malik often says to Brady: "You remind me of myself ten years ago." Brady is likely to be a member of Malik's triad ingroup. outgroup. support team. dyad

ingroup

Involving the use of problem solving and mutual respect to achieve an outcome that is satisfying for both parties, _________ is aimed at accomplishing a win-win scenario. substitutability exchanging information distributive bargaining integrative bargaining

integrative bargaining

Which two related concepts help assure that employees will place their trust in authorities, such as the management of a company? justice and ethics justice and perception of power ethics and responsibility commitment and ethics

justice and ethics

Ronin knew the deadline was approaching quickly, and his team needed just one more day to complete their sales analysis. He used both his power and influence to get the deadline extended a few more days so his team could meet their goal. Ronin is exhibiting his collaboration visibility leadership visibility

leadership

Teamwork processes have a _________ effect on team performance and a _________ effect on team commitment weak positive; moderate positive strong positive; moderate positive moderate positive; strong positive weak positive; strong positive

moderate positive; strong positive

The Big Five dimension __________ is also called by its flip side "emotional stability."

neuroticism

What are the three major components to any organizational culture?

observable artifacts, espoused values, and basic underlying assumptions

Major types of power can be grouped along two dimensions, inner and outer professional and organizational social and personal organizational and personal

organizational and personal

High _________ interdependence implies that team members depend on the performance of other team members for the rewards that they receive. sequential outcome reciprocal comprehensive

outcome

In the leader-member exchange theory, the low-quality exchange dyad forms the leader's outgroup ingroup internal attributes levels of mutual trust

outgroup

Soon after becoming the new store manager of Halo Foods, an organic food market, Max discovers that employees are coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally while on the job. After considering the situation, he introduces a new set of guidelines, along with contingencies of reinforcement. Those who show up on time, do not exceed their allotted break schedules, and show themselves behaving professionally at all times while on duty during the next month will be given a $20 Visa gift card, courtesy of management. Those who fail to meet the requirements, on the other hand, will be asked to stay late one night a week and attend an unpaid training session. The contingencies Max is planning to implement—the Visa gift card on the one hand and the unpaid training session on the other—are, respectively,

positive reinforcement & punishment

Hofstede's research found that a culture high on ________ accepts the fact the authority is usually distributed unequally within organizations, such that the position in an organization indicates the status of a person.

power distance

When people first encounter stressors, the process of ________ is triggered. emotional venting primary appraisal behavioral appraisal critical thinking

primary appraisal

Mario find himself playing computer games at work and socializing at times other than breaks. The behavior that Mario exhibits is an example of: special task adaption physical withdrawal psychological withdrawal work life balance

psychological withdrawal

Noted for being a creative thinker and wearing bright-colored glasses, Clemente is no ordinary associate director within the gigantic Walbeam Corporation. Top management has identified him as one of the rising stars, and he has an enormously loyal following among the company's youngest and most energetic executives. Everyone, it seems, wants to be around Clemente, who possesses a great deal of _________ power within the organization reward coercive structural referent collaborative

referent

Manufacturing and medical companies primarily desire to create a _________ culture. customer service safety sustainability diversity

safety

Gunther works in a lumber yard, and he has to throw heavy wooden posts up onto a conveyor. Gunther has to use a high level of psychomotor abilities strength perceptual speed flexibility

strength

Halle is on a team that has just been formed. There are people of a wide variety of ages, genders, and ethnicities. Halle's team demonstrates surface-level diversity. conjunctive task completion. high task interdependence deep-level diversity

surface-level diversity.

An example of a management team is a team of surgeons, anesthesiologists, nurses, and physical therapists involved in designing the treatment and recovery plan for a patient about to undergo a major operation group of security employees monitoring remote camera feeds and patrolling the grounds of a storage facility each day. group of scientists spending eight weeks investigating the cause and environmental impact of a major oil spill. team that oversees the functioning of all the teams in a communications company and coordinates activities among those teams.

team that oversees the functioning of all the teams in a communications company and coordinates activities among those teams.

_________ is when we attribute our failures to external factors and our successes to internal factors. the self-serving bias the ratio bias effect the gambler's fallacy escalation of commitment

the self-serving bias

Teamwork activities that focus on preparation for future work refer to brainstorming process gain transition processes cohesion team process

transition processes

In organizational behavior research, a correlation of .10 is considered: irrelevant weak strong perfect

weak

What do members do during the performing stage of team development? orient themselves by trying to understand their boundaries in the team experience anxiety and other emotions as they disengage and ultimately separate from the team work comfortably within their roles, and the team makes progress toward goals remain committed to ideas they bring with them to the team

work comfortably within their roles, and the team makes progress toward goals