Blood Lab

blood doping (EPO)

Artificial increase in total volume of red blood cells (often via transfusion) Proposed ergogenic benefits: • Improves endurance performance by increasing blood's O2 carrying capacity • Increases VO2max, time to exhaustion, and measurable performance Risks: • ↑ Blood viscosity • Blood clotting • Heart failure • Blood matching errors • Hepatitis • HIV • Can cause blood clotting, heart failure, and transfusion complications EPO: Same as blood doping, but you can get a synthesized version and obtain the same effects.

The average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red cells, expressed in g/100mL

female: 12-16 g/dL male: 13-18 g/dL

percentage of each type of WBC in blood

neutrophils 60-70% eosinophils 2-4% basophils <0.5% lymphocytes 25%-33% monocytes 3-8%

osmolarity of blood

280-296 mOsm/L

general volume of blood

4-7 L

general pH of blood

7.4 (somewhat basic)

polycythemia

A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

lymphocytic leukemia

Leukemia characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytic cells in the circulating blood

true or false the lower limbs receive blood from branches of the ascending aorta

false

leucopenia

abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood

what are the major solutes in plasma

albumin, globulins, fibrinogen

How is hematocrit determined?

by centrifuging a blood sample so that all the formed elements come out of suspension

the aortic arch branches off to supply blood to the

head, neck, and upper limbs

blood stem cells are called

hemocytoblasts

As an example of hormonal communication, when osmoreceptors of the _______________ detect dehydration, a signal to the posterior pituitary gland causes the release of _________________.

hypothalamus; ADH

leukocytosis

increase in the number of white blood cells

what are the two main targets of ADH

kidneys and blood vessels

pulmonary veins enter the

left atrium

what are derived from the myeloid cell line

megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, and leukocytes

Hemopoiesis occurs primarily in the

red bone marrow

in general, sensory input to a portion of neuroendocrine system causes

release of hormones

oxygen leaves the blood and carbon dioxide enters the blood in the

systemic capillaries

Hormone molecules are typically transported to the target cells by...

the blood stream

true or false men have more blood than women

true

true or false the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood

true

myeloid leukemia

uncontrolled granulocyte production