Blood Lab
blood doping (EPO)
Artificial increase in total volume of red blood cells (often via transfusion) Proposed ergogenic benefits: • Improves endurance performance by increasing blood's O2 carrying capacity • Increases VO2max, time to exhaustion, and measurable performance Risks: • ↑ Blood viscosity • Blood clotting • Heart failure • Blood matching errors • Hepatitis • HIV • Can cause blood clotting, heart failure, and transfusion complications EPO: Same as blood doping, but you can get a synthesized version and obtain the same effects.
The average concentration of hemoglobin in a given volume of packed red cells, expressed in g/100mL
female: 12-16 g/dL male: 13-18 g/dL
percentage of each type of WBC in blood
neutrophils 60-70% eosinophils 2-4% basophils <0.5% lymphocytes 25%-33% monocytes 3-8%
osmolarity of blood
280-296 mOsm/L
general volume of blood
4-7 L
general pH of blood
7.4 (somewhat basic)
polycythemia
A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
lymphocytic leukemia
Leukemia characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytic cells in the circulating blood
true or false the lower limbs receive blood from branches of the ascending aorta
false
leucopenia
abnormal reduction in the number of white blood cells in the blood
what are the major solutes in plasma
albumin, globulins, fibrinogen
How is hematocrit determined?
by centrifuging a blood sample so that all the formed elements come out of suspension
the aortic arch branches off to supply blood to the
head, neck, and upper limbs
blood stem cells are called
hemocytoblasts
As an example of hormonal communication, when osmoreceptors of the _______________ detect dehydration, a signal to the posterior pituitary gland causes the release of _________________.
hypothalamus; ADH
leukocytosis
increase in the number of white blood cells
what are the two main targets of ADH
kidneys and blood vessels
pulmonary veins enter the
left atrium
what are derived from the myeloid cell line
megakaryocytes, erythrocytes, and leukocytes
Hemopoiesis occurs primarily in the
red bone marrow
in general, sensory input to a portion of neuroendocrine system causes
release of hormones
oxygen leaves the blood and carbon dioxide enters the blood in the
systemic capillaries
Hormone molecules are typically transported to the target cells by...
the blood stream
true or false men have more blood than women
true
true or false the pulmonary veins contain oxygenated blood
true
myeloid leukemia
uncontrolled granulocyte production
