Basic Science Digestive system

Where is the insertion point of the temporalis muscle A. On the condyloid process of the mandible B. On the body of the mandible C. On the angle of the mandible D. On the coronoid process of the mandible

D. On the coronoid process of the mandible

Which division of the nervous system controls peristalsis? A. The somatic nervous system B. The autonomic nervous system C. The central nervous system D. The peripheral nervous system

B. The autonomic nervous system

Peristaltic waves are __ that move the bolus down the esophagus and into the stomach A. Digestive enzymes B. Oral cavity structures C. Voluntary muscle contractions D. Involuntary muscle contractions

D. Involuntary muscle contractions

During swallowing, the epiglottis prevents choking by folding down to close off the __ and __. A. Esophagus, trachea B. Larynx, pharynx C. Larynx, esophagus D. Larynx, trachea

D. Larynx, trachea

How would you summarize the last few steps of the digestive process? A. Water is absorbed in the small intestine. Nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine and rectum. Waste is eliminated through the anal canal. B. Water is absorbed in the small intestine. Nutrients are absorbed in the large intestine. Waste is eliminated through the rectum and anal canal. C. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. Water is absorbed in the large intestine and rectum. Waste is eliminated through the anal canal D. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. Water is absorbed in the large intestine. Waste is eliminated through the rectum and anal canal.

D. Nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine. Water is absorbed in the large intestine. Waste is eliminated through the rectum and anal canal.

Which of the following is a good description of the function of the stomach sphincters?

The cardiac sphincter is where a bolus enters the stomach from the esophagus. The pyloric sphincter is where chyme exits the stomach into the duodenum

If you wanted to explain the extrinsic tongue muscles to someone who did not understand them, you would say all of the following except A. extrinsic muscles allow the tongue to change its shape, such as by curling into a loop or flattening B. Extrinsic muscles insert into the tongue from outside origins C. Extrinsic muscles anchor the tongue to the skeleton D. Extrinsic muscles move the whole tongue in different direction

A. extrinsic muscles allow the tongue to change its shape, such as by curling into a loop or flattening

If you were explaining the absorption structures to someone who did not understand them, you might include all of the following except A. Absorption of nutrients begins in the duodenum B. Villi increase the surface area available for absorption C. All absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine D. Circular folds increase the surface area available for absorption

All absorption of nutrients takes place in the small intestine.

Which of the following accurately describes the action of the temporalis muscle? A. It elevates and protracts the mandible B. It elevates and retracts the mandible C. It depresses and protracts the mandible D. It depresses and retracts the mandible

B. It elevates and retracts the mandible

Which of the following best describes what happens to nutrients in the chyme as it travels through the small intestine?

The nutrients are further broken down by secretions from organs. Then they are taken up by intestinal lining cells and digested further by intracellular enzymes.

Which of the following distinguishes the different types of salivary glands.

The parotid ducts pass saliva from the parotid glands into the oral cavity. The submandibular ducts pass saliva from the submandibular and sublingual glands.

Which of the following is a type of salivary gland? A. Circumvallate B. Parotid C. Palatine D. Filiform

B. Parotid

All of these types of teeth cut and tear food except A. Canines B. Central incisors C. Premolars D. Lateral incisors

C. Premolars

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes a bolus from chyme?

A bolus is food that has been chewed and swallowed, whereas chyme is the mixture of food and digestive secretions created in the stomach.

Where is indigestible waste compacted? A. In the stomach B. In the pancreas C. In the large intestine D. In the small intestine

C. In the large intestine

Two types of arteries supply blood to the stomach. The __ supply/supplies the greater curvature of the stomach, whereas the __ supply/supples the lesser curvature A. Gastroepiploic artery, gastric arteries B. Gastric artery, gastroepiploic artery C. Gastric arteries, gastroepiploic artery D. Gastroepiploic arteries, gastric artery

A. Gastroepiploic artery, gastric arteries

All of the following are types of salivary glands except A. Cicrumvallate B. Submandibular C. Sublingual D. Parotid

A. Cicrumvallate

The hepatic portal system drains nutrient-rich blood from A. The gall bladder B. The alimentary canal C. The pancreas D. The liver

B. The alimentary canal

All of the following statements accurately describe gastric juice except A. It initiates chemical digestion of food B. It digests food into chyme C. It contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes D. It is produced in the stomach

A. It initiates chemical digestion of food

Which of the following describes the greater curvature of the stomach? A. It is supplied by the gastroepiploic artery B. It is supplies by the gastric arteries C. It is the funnel-shaped stomach structure that connects to the duodenum D. It is the concave, medial surface of the stomach

A. It is supplied by the gastroepiploic artery

What does saliva do to food in the oral cavity? A. It partially digests it. B. It prevents it from going into the trachea C. It completely digests it D. It mechanically digests it

A. It partially digests it.

The esophagus extends from the __ to the cardiac sphincter, where it joins the stomach? A. Laryngopharynx B. Oropharynx C. Diaphragm D. Oral Cavity

A. Laryngopharynx

The temporalis muscle originates from the? A. Temporal fossa and temporal fascia B. Coronoid process of the mandible C. Zygomatic arch D. Pyramidal process of the palatine

A. Temporal fossa and temporal fascia

Which of the following describes the longest portion of the alimentary canal? A. The small intestine is where absorption of nutrients occurs B. The stomach is where food is broken down into chyme C. The large intestine is where water is absorbed D. The rectum and anal canal are where waste is eliminated

A. The small intestine is where absorption of nutrients occurs

What is the role of the tongue in chewing and swallowing? A. The tongue manipulates the chewed food into a small mass and moves it into the oropharynx B. The tongue chemically digests the food and moves it into the oropharynx C. The tongue secretes saliva and moves food into the oropharynx D. The tongue manipulates the chewed food into a small mass and moves it into the larynx

A. The tongue manipulates the chewed food into a small mass and moves it into the oropharynx

If you wanted to explain the mastication muscles to someone who did not understand them, you would say all of the following except A. There are both superficial and deep temporalis muscles B. You can feel the temporalis move by touching your temple C. The masseter elevated the mandible to close the mouth D. The masseter is assisted by the temporalis, which retracts the mandible

A. There are both superficial and deep temporalis muscles

Which of the following is a similarity between peristalsis and haustral churning? A. They both move chyme through the colon B. They both compact undigested material into stool C. They both eliminate feces from the rectum D. They both break down carbohydrates and other substances in chyme

A. They both move chyme through the colon

What is the function of rugae? A. They help the stomach expand when necessary B. They contract to help the stomach churn food. C. They secrete enzymes that initiate chemical digestion D. They secrete mucus that protects the stomach

A. They help the stomach expand when necessary

From the cecum to the rectum, the regions of the colon are the A. Ascending colon, descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon B. Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon C. Descending colon, sigmoid colon, transverse colon, ascending colon D. Descending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon, ascending colon

B. Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

On its way to the stomach, the esophagus passes through an opening in the diaphragm called the A. Epiglottis B. Esophageal hiatus C. Cardiac sphincter D. Pyloric sphincter

B. Esophageal hiatus

Which of these structures relaxes voluntarily as part of defecation? A. Rectum B. External anal sphincter C. Internal anal sphincter D. Anal canal

B. External anal sphincter

What are rugae? A. Sphincters in the stomach B. Folds in the stomach wall C. Longitudinal muscle layers in the stomach wall D. Circular muscle layers in the stomach wall

B. Folds in the stomach wall

Chyme can be described as any of the following except? A. Food mixed with digestive enzymes B. Food broken down into a small mass by structures in the oral cavity C. The substance that exits the stomach into the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter D. Food mixed with acids secreted by the stomach

B. Food broken down into a small mass by structures in the oral cavity

Why is the hepatic portal system important? A. IT allows nutrients and wastes to be processed in the gall bladder instead of entering the circulation directly B. IT allows nutrients and wastes to be processed in the liver instead of entering the circulation directly C. It allows nutrients and wastes to be processed in the pancreas instead of entering the circulation directly. D. It ensures that blood is oxygenated before entering the circulation

B. IT allows nutrients and wastes to be processed in the liver instead of entering the circulation directly

All of the following statements are true regarding peristalsis except? A. It involves waves of involuntary smooth muscle contractions B. It involves waves of voluntary smooth muscle contractions. C. It is controlled by the autonomic nervous system D. It moves food through the digestive system

B. It involves waves of voluntary smooth muscle contractions.

Bile is produced in the ___ and stored in the ___. A. Intestines, pancreas B. Liver, gall bladder C. Pancreas, intestines D. Gall bladder, liver

B. Liver, gall bladder

Where is the insertion point of the masseter muscle? A. On the zygomatic arch B. On the mandible C. On the maxilla D. On the condyloid process

B. On the mandible

The falciform ligament separates the __ and __ lobes of the liver. A. Left, quadrate B. Right, left C. Left, caudate D. Right, Quadrate

B. Right, left

Which of the following statements accurately describes saliva? A. Saliva contains bile salts that emulsify fats B. Saliva contains enzymes and proteins that initiate chemical digestion of food C. Saliva contains enzymes that break down chyme D. Saliva contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes that digest food into chyme

B. Saliva contains enzymes and proteins that initiate chemical digestion of food

Which of the following distinguishes the different pancreatic ducts? A. One of them transports bile, while the other trasnports pancreatic juice. B. The larger pancreatic duct is also known as the duct of Wirsung, while the smaller accessory duct is also known as the duct of Santorini C. They transport different types of pancreatic juice D. The larger pancreatic duct is also known as the duct of Santorini, while the smaller accessory duct is also known as the duct of Wirsung.

B. The larger pancreatic duct is also known as the duct of Wirsung, while the smaller accessory duct is also known as the duct of Santorini

If you were telling a friend how the liver works, you might say all of the following except? A. The liver's primary digestive function is to secrete bile, which emulsifies fats. B. The liver's primary digestive function is to store bile, which emulsifies fats C. the liver has eight surgical segments D. The liver is the largest gland in the body

B. The liver's primary digestive function is to store bile, which emulsifies fats

Which of the four layers of the alimentary canal produces the contractions of peristalsis? A. The submucosa B. The muscularis C. The serosa D. The mucosa

B. The muscularis

If you were showing a friend a cross-section of a tooth, you could use all of the following to explain it except A. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body B. The neck of the tooth sits in the alveolar process of the jaw bone C. The crown of the tooth lies above the gingiva D. The root canal is where blood vessels and nerves that supply and innervate the tooth pass into the pulp cavity

B. The neck of the tooth sits in the alveolar process of the jaw bone

Which structures unite at the hepatopancreatic ampulla, or ampulla of Vater? A. the pancreatic duct and the common hepatic duct B. The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct C. The duct of Wirsung and the duct of Santorini D. The common bile duct and the cystic duct

B. The pancreatic duct and the common bile duct

Which of the following statements accurately describes the origin points of the masseter muscle? A. The superficial portion originates from the ramus of the mandible, whereas the deep portion originates from the mandible B. The superficial portion originates from the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and the inferior border of the zygomatic arch, whereas the deep portion originates from the zygomatic arch C. The superficial portion originates from the zygomatic arch, whereas the deep portion originates from the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and the inferior border of the zygomatic arch. D. The superficial portion originates from the mandible, whereas the deep portion originates from the ramus of the mandible.

B. The superficial portion originates from the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone and the inferior border of the zygomatic arch, whereas the deep portion originates from the zygomatic arch

If you were describing the process of mechanical digestion to your lab partner, which of the following statements would you most likely make? A. Intestinal secretions break down the nutrients in chyme B. The teeth break down food into small pieces and the tongue manipulates it into a bolus C. Gastric juice, secreted by the stomach, breaks down food into chyme D. Saliva breaks down carbohydrates in food

B. The teeth break down food into small pieces and the tongue manipulates it into a bolus

All of these are true of villi except? A. they contain lacteals of the lymphatic system B. They propel chyme through the pyloric sphincter C. They line the interior wall of the small intestine D. They help absorb nutrients from ingested food

B. They propel chyme through the pyloric sphincter

What is a bolus? A. A mixture of food and digestive secretions that is created in the stomach B. An indigestible waste product that is expelled through the rectum C. A small mass of food, formed by chewing, that is swallowed D. A mixture of food and digestive secretions that is created in the intestines

C. A small mass of food, formed by chewing, that is swallowed

All of the following digestive processes occur in the colon except A. Contractions move chyme B. Bacteria secrete vitamins, which are absorbed C. Bacteria secrete bile, which is absorbed D. Water is absorbed and stools are formed

C. Bacteria secrete bile, which is absorbed

Which of the following supplies the gall bladder with oxygenated blood? A. Branches of the splenic arteries B. Branches of the gastroduodenal arteries C. Branches of the cystic artery D. Branches of the proper hepatic artery

C. Branches of the cystic artery

The pancreas produces pancreatic juice that flows into a smaller accessory duct and a larger pancreatic duct. What is the name of the smaller duct? A. Common bile duct B. Duct of Wirsung C. Duct of Santorini D. Cystic duct

C. Duct of Santorini

All of the following statements accurately describe how digestive secretions aid in digestion in the small intestine except A. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes and ions that contribute to chemical digestion in the small intestine B. Bile contains bile salts that emulsify fats in the small intestine C. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes that digest food into chyme in the small intestine D. Intestinal juice contains enzymes that break down chyme in the small intestine

C. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes that digest food into chyme in the small intestine

where does mechanical and chemical digestion begin? A. In the esophagus B. In the small Intestine C. In the mouth D. In the stomach

C. In the mouth

Which of the following accurately describes the action of the masseter muscle? A. It depresses and retracts the mandible B. It elevates and retracts the mandible C. It elevates and protracts the mandible D. It depresses and protracts the mandible

C. It elevates and protracts the mandible

Which of the following accurately lists the four tissue layers of the alimentary canal, from innermost to outermost? A. Muscularis, mucosa, submucosa, serosa B. Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis C. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa D. Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa

C. Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

The taenia coli are bands of __ running along the outside of the colon. A. Endocrine tissue B. Lymphatic tissue C. Muscle D. Membrane

C. Muscle

Which of the following accurately lists the order of the structures through which food passes as it moves through the digestive system, starting with the entry of food into the mouth through to elimination? A. Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, pharynx, small intestine, large intestine, anal canal, rectum B. Oral cavity, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anal canal C. Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal D. Oral cavity, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, anal canal, rectum

C. Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal

All of the following are accessory organs of the digestive system except A. The gallbladder B. The pancreas C. The appendix D. The liver

C. The appendix

Where does most nutrients absorption occur? A. in the large intestine B. In the stomach C. in the small intestine D. in the esophagus

C. in the small intestine

If you wanted to explain the function of bacteria in the large intestine to someone who did not understand it, you might include all of the following except A. bacteria break down carbohydrates and other substances in chyme B. Bacteria release vitamin B, which the colon absorbs C. Bacteria release vitamin K, which the colon absorbs D. Bacteria absorb water in the colon

D. Bacteria absorb water in the colon

What is chyme and where is it created? A. Chyme is a mixture of food and saliva that is created in the mouth B. Chyme is a mixture of food and digestive secretions that is created in the intestines. C. Chyme is a mixture of food an enzymes that is created in the esophagus D. Chyme is the mixture of food and digestive secretions that is created in the stomach

D. Chyme is the mixture of food and digestive secretions that is created in the stomach

Taste buds are found in the __ and __. A. Fungiform papillae, fauces B. Circumvallate papillae, filiform papillae C. Fungiform papillae, filiform papillae D. Circumvallate papillae, fungiform papillae

D. Circumvallate papillae, fungiform papillae

Nutrients absorbed from chyme are passed into the wall of the A. Stomach B. Liver C. Esophagus D. Duodenum

D. Duodenum

Where does food enter the stomach? A. In the pyloric sphincter B. In the duodenum C. In the fundus D. In the cardiac sphincter

D. In the cardiac sphincter

Where does absorption of nutrients begin? A. In the ileum B. In the large intestine C. In the stomach D. In the duodenum

D. In the duodenum

Where is most of the water absorbed during digestion? A. In the esophagus B. In the small intestine C. In the stomach D. In the large intestine

D. In the large intestine

Which of the following statements is true regarding one of the secretion that contribute to digestion A. Intestinal juice contains enzymes that emulsify fats B. Saliva contains hydrochloric acid and enzymes that digest food into chyme C. Gastric juice contains enzymes that break down chyme D. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes and ions that aid digestion in the small intestine

D. Pancreatic juice contains enzymes and ions that aid digestion in the small intestine

How does peristalsis in different parts of the alimentary canal? A. In some parts of the alimentary canal, peristalsis involves only contraction B. In some parts of the alimentary canal, peristalsis involves only relaxation C. Peristalsis can involve smaller waves in the esophagus and bigger waves in the intestines D. Peristalsis can involve bigger waves in the esophagus and smaller waves in the intestines

D. Peristalsis can involve bigger waves in the esophagus and smaller waves in the intestines

If you were explaining the alimentary canal to your lab partner, which of the following points would you likely make? A. The serosa layer of the alimentary canal produces the contraction or peristalsis B. The alimentary canal has two tissue layers, the mucosa and serosa C. Most of the alimentary canal's length is made up of the large intestine D. The alimentary canal is a continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

D. The alimentary canal is a continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

If you were explaining the flow of bile from the liver to the gall bladder and small intestine, you might say all of the following except A. the cystic duct carries bile from the common hepatic duct to the gall bladder B. The common bile duct carries bile from the common hepatic duct to the duodenum C. The common hepatic duct carries bile from the liver to the cystic duct and common bile duct D. The common bile duct carries bile from the liver to the cystic duct and common hepatic duct

D. The common bile duct carries bile from the liver to the cystic duct and common hepatic duct

What involuntary movement prevents the bolus from entering the trachea? A. The tongue guides the bolus away from the trachea B. The pharynx folds down and covers the trachea C. Peristaltic waves close the trachea and move the bolus past it D. The epiglottis folds down and covers the trachea

D. The epiglottis folds down and covers the trachea

All of the following digestive structures produce secretions that aid in chemical digestion except A. The stomach B. The intestines C. The gall bladder D. The esophagus

D. The esophagus

All of the following are layers of the stomach wall except A. The outermost serosa B. The oblique muscle layer C. The longitudinal muscle layer D. The innermost serosa

D. The innermost serosa

Where is the boundary between the upper and lower digestive tracts? A. The junction of the esophagus and stomach B. The junction of the small and large intestine C. The junction of the pharynx and esophagus D. The junction of the esophagus and small intestine

D. The junction of the esophagus and small intestine

Which of the following describes how the bile enters the duodenum?

Hepatocytes in the liver secrete bile, which flows into the right and left hepatic ducts and then into the common hepatic duct. If the bile is not yet needed for digestion, it flows up the cystic duct and is stored in the gall bladder.

How does the pathway of bile to the duodenum differ from the pathway of pancreatic juice?

If bile is not immediately needed for digestion, it may flow to the gall bladder via the cystic duct, instead of to the duodenum. Pancreatic juice flows only to the duodenum

Which of the following statements accurately compares the small and large intestine?

Most nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine, whereas most water reabsorption takes place in the large intestine.

Which of the following best describes how the structures of the oral cavity work?

Once food enters the oral cavity, the teeth chew it and saliva partially digests it. During swallowing, the bolus is moved into the esophagus by the epiglottis, which folds down to block the trachea.