BIO 1013 Chapter 1 Material
increase
If cell phones cause brain cancer, one would expect an _________________ in the incidence of brain cancer in the population over time
control group
In a controlled experiment, this group receives the placebo
cell phone use
In the studies of cell phone use and cancer discussed, the independent variable is _____ and the dependent variable is cancer rates.
cancer rates
In the studies of cell phone use and cancer discussed, the independent variable is cell phone use and the dependent variable is _____ .
experimental group
In the study conducted by scientists at the National Toxicology Program, the control group was comprised of animals that did not receive radiation, but were treated the same as the ___________________ _______________________ .
control group
The group in an experiment that experiences no experimental intervention or manipulation
dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
decaffeinated coffee
Which of these may be used as a placebo in an experiment designed to test whether caffeinated coffee improves memory?
hypothesis
a falsifiable suggested explanation for a particular phenomenon or set of observations
scientific method
a process by which scientists investigate natural phenomena or groups of observations to accurately explain how the natural world works
recall bias
a type of experimental error resulting from inaccurate recollection or reporting of past events
theory
an established explanation for a phenomenon or group of observations that is testable and is well‑supported by evidence
double-blind
an observation whose true purpose is hidden from both the observer and the person being observed
Everyday theory
based on personal experience/knowledge
epidemiological studies
can be used to study the effects of certain risk
epidemiological studies
can involve questionnaires instead of controller experiments involving experimental and control groups
epidemiological studies
can provide evidence that a correlation exists between two variables
good hypothesis
is created from careful research and logical reasoning is able to be tested using validated techniques
statistically significant
mathematical tests demonstrate that the result is unlikely to have occurred on its own
example of hypotheses
proposes or predicts
randomized clinical trial
provide the most scientifically rigorous and accurate information
scientific theory
rigorously supported by numerous studies, and are hypotheses that (to date) have never been disproved
hypothesis
scientists carry out an experiment, they are testing a _____________
randomized clinical trial
test subjects are randomly chosen
statistics
they determine whether observed differences are significant or a result of chance in a scientific study
Step 1 of Scientific Method
to ask a question and make observation
independent variable
variable that is manipulated