BIO 103 Chapter 1

What represents the most basic level of chemical organization?

Cell

The broadest of the taxonomic groups is the _____.

Domain

Life depends on _____ from the sun.

Energy

All the genes in the population make up its ______.

Gene pool

Biology

The science of life.

A DNA molecule is made up of:

nucleotides

List scientific method steps

- observation - ask critical questions or problem - hypothesis - testable predictions - experiments - gather data (results) - analyze data -conclusions

What are the different characteristics of life?

- to be composed of cells -growth and development -self regulated metabolism -response to stimuli -reproduction -populations evolve and become adopted to the environment.

List examples of cell signaling

1. Chemical signaling- is hormones and other chemical messengers signal cells in distant organs to secrete a required substance or change a metabolic activity. 2. Electrical signaling- Animals' nervous systems transmit information by electrical impulses and chemical compounds. 3.DNA- from one generation to another

Describe 4 aspects of Darwin's theory of natural selection.

1. Individuals of a species vary from one another 2. More offspring are produced than survive to reproduce. 3. Organisms compete for resources; such as light, space, food ect. 4. Best adapted individuals survive and reproduce

What is the pattern of energy flow within an ecosystem?

1. Producers 2. Consumers 3. Decomposers

Cellular Respiration

A biochemical process in which they capture the energy stored in nutrients by producers.

Paradigm

A distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributes to the field.

System Biology

A field of biology that synthesizes knowledge of many small parts to understand the whole.

How does a Prokaryotic cell differ from a Eukaryotic cell?

A prokaryotic cell has no membrane- enclosed organelles.

An organism that is eukaryotic is by definition:

A protist

Taxonomy

A subspecialty systematics is the science of naming and classifying organisms.

What is a hypothesis?

A tentative explanation for observation that is consistent with facts.

What effect would happen if decomposers were eliminated?

All life would eventually cease as nutrients would no longer be available

Describe the cell theory

All living organisms are composed of basic units called cells.

Biosphere

All of the Earth's ecosystems together

Population

All the members of one species living in the same geographic area at the same time.

Producers

Also known as autotrophs, are organisms that produce their own food from simple raw materials.

When tissues organize what do they form?

An organ

Autotrophs

An organism that synthesizes complex organic compounds from inorganic raw materials.

Biological Organization:

Atoms and micro molecules form organelles and cells. Cells form tissue, Tissue forms organs, organ system, organism.

Which statement best describes autotrophic organisms?

Autotrophs synthesize complex molecules from CO2, water, and energy.

Unfalsifiable hypothesis _____ false.

Cannot be proven false

The basic structural and functional unit of life is the _____.

Cell

Mutation

Chemical or physical changes in DNA that persist and can be inherited. Mutations modify genes and by this process provide raw material for evolution.

What is an example of a sessile organism?

Coral

What type of molecule carries the hereditary information of an organism?

DNA

_____ transfers information from one generation to the next.

DNA

Heterotrophs

Depend on producers for food, energy, and oxygen.

List 8 categories of taxonomic classification:

Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

List Domain, kingdoms, and groups

Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Kingdoms: Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Can energy be created? Can it be used entirely?

Energy cannot be created or used entirely

An organism that is neither prokaryotic, and must obtain its nutrients by secreting digestive enzymes into the environment, belongs to which group of organisms?

Fungi

What are units of hereditary information?

Genes

Which is a byproduct of photosynthesis?

Glucose

Decomposers

Heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by breaking down nonliving organic materials.

Metabolism

Includes all the chemical activities that take place in the organism, including the chemical reactions essential to nutrition, growth and repair, and conversion to energy to usable forms.

What is a good characteristic of a good hypothesis?

It is falsifiable

List the 3 importances of metabolism.

Metabolism is good for growth, repair, and reproduction.

What is the ultimate source of genetic variation within a population?

Mutations in DNA

A _____ is a set of assumptions or concepts that constitutes a way of thinking about reality.

Paradigm

All members of the same species occupying the same area at the same time constitute a(n):

Population

Which organizational unit includes the fewest species of organisms?

Population

Ecological Organization:

Population Community Ecosystem Biosphere

What is the difference in Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells: -simple -no membrane bound organelles -no nucleus Eukaryotic cells: -complex -enclosed by membranes -have 2 nucleus that contains DNA

You discover an organism that is eukaryotic, unicellular, and photosynthetic. Based on the evidence, to which group would you assign this organism?

Protist group

What does deductive reasoning begin with?

Supplied information

A hypothesis can be best described as a

Tentative explanation

Which is a benefit of sexual reproduction over asexual?

The interaction of the genes from both parents bring about genetic variation.

Photosynthesis

The process during which autotrophs use carbon dioxide, water, and light to synthesize complex molecules such as glucose and other sugars.

A _____ is an integrated explanation of a number of hypothesis, each supported by consistent results from many observations or experiments.

Theory

What is the purpose of the cilia and flagella of cells?

They provide movement for the cell.

When an organ reproduces asexually, does it produce offsprings that are genetically variable?

Yes, but with low genetic variability.

Which is false about the scientific theory? a. it is unchangeable b. it predicts new facts c. it is based on a number of hypotheses d. it may suggest practical applications e. it is supported by many observations

a. it is unchangeable

Which stimuli most directly causes the Venus flytrap to catch an insect? a. gravity b. light c. touch d. scent e. sound

c. touch

What is an end product of cellular respiration?

carbon dioxide

Similar families of organisms are next grouped together in the same....

order

During an experiment what is the purpose of a control group?

to compare results to the experimental group with the variable being tested