BIO 117 Mastering Nutrition Ch. 14

A normal-weight woman should gain approximately how many pounds during pregnancy? 5 to 10 15 to 20 25 to 35 40 to 50

25 to 35

During the first six months of lactation, the daily caloric needs of the mother increases by how many kilocalories as compared to pre-pregnancy levels? 100 650 540 330

330

When compared to formula-fed infants, infants who are breastfed for longer than 3 to 6 months can have lower rates of child and adult overweight and obesity. Which of the following does NOT support this observation? Breastfed infants grow in height and weight at a greater rate than formula-fed infants. Breastfed infants consume lower amounts of protein and Calories than formula-fed infants. Formula-fed infants consume larger volumes of milk at each feeding. During the first year of life, formula-fed infants gain weight more rapidly than breastfed infants.

Breastfed infants grow in height and weight at a greater rate than formula-fed infants.

Which of the following fatty acids is critical to fetal brain and eye development? palmitic acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) stearic acid oleic acid

DHA

True or False: Breast milk is very low in cholesterol.

False

True or False: Caffeine consumption during pregnancy is harmless to the fetus because it cannot cross the placenta.

False

True or False: Once the placenta has formed, the fetus's and mother's blood supplies will mix.

False

Which of the following does NOT explain why infants are at higher risk of dehydration than adults? Breast milk or formula does not meet an infant's fluid needs. Infants have immature kidneys and are unable to concentrate urine as well as adults. Infants lose proportionally more fluid via evaporation than adults. Infants have kidneys that produce highly concentrated urine.

Infants have kidneys that produce highly concentrated urine.

Which of the following is NOT true for a pregnant woman who was overweight prior to her pregnancy? She should gain 0.6 lb/week during the second and third trimesters. She should restrict her caloric intake and attempt to lose weight before delivery. Her baby has an increased risk of childhood obesity and insulin resistance. Her baby has an increased risk for being large for gestational age.

She should restrict her caloric intake and attempt to lose weight before delivery.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that indicates an infant is ready to accept solid foods? The infant is at least six months old. The infant has high stores of iron. The infant's tongue extrusion reflex has begun to abate. The infant can sit up with or without support.

The infant has high sores of iron

True or False: An infant born before 38 weeks' gestation is said to be preterm.

True

Excess consumption of what nutrient during pregnancy is associated with birth defects? vitamin A iron vitamin C calcium

Vitamin A

The point at which the ovum becomes fertilized by the sperm is conception. implantation. parturition. gestation.

conception

Inadequate intake of which nutrient during the first few weeks of pregnancy is associated with spinal cord defects in the fetus? protein calcium folate iron

folate

Which of the following foods is considered safe for pregnant women to consume? sushi unpasteurized feta cheese hard-boiled eggs raw bean sprouts

hard-boiled eggs

The major protein found in breast milk is lactalbumin. lactose. lactic acid. albumin.

lactalbumin

The theory that suggests that infant feeding practices influence the risk of developing chronic disease in later life is called pediatric patterning. genetic alteration. metabolic programming. cellular adaptation.

metabolic programming

The hormones that prepare the breasts physically for lactation are estrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin. colostrum. prolactin. galactose.

prolactin

The primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux and constipation during pregnancy is overeating by the mother. intolerance to prenatal vitamins. inadequate fluid intake by the mother. relaxation of the smooth muscles.

relaxation of the smooth muscles

Substances that cause birth defects are called toxicogens. neonatal pathogens. teratogens. genopathogens.

teratogens