BIO 137 Chap 5/HISTOLOGY Practice Questions

Excitable cells respond to outside stimuli by means of changes in

MEMBRANE POTENTIAL! Nervous and muscular tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential. In nerve cells, these changes result in the rapid transmission of signals to other cells. In muscle cells, they result in contraction, or shortening of the cell.

Most growth in childhood is the result of hyperplasia.

T

Neurons are a major type of cell found in nervous tissue.

T

Columnar cells lining the small intestine have a brush border of microvilli on the apical surface.

TRUE

Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs.

TRUE

Mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood.

TRUE

Scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue.

TRUE

Smooth and cardiac muscles are under involuntary control.

TRUE

The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid.

TRUE

The secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma.

TRUE

tight junctions are more effective in preventing substances from passing between cells.

TRUE

DEAD keratinocytes exfoliate from the epidermis as tiny specks called dander.

TRUE (not "living")

In epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.

TRUE Epithelial tissue formed with closely placed cells that there is very scanty or relatively no extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix in the epithelia forms the basal lamina in the BASEMENT MEMBRANE

FIBROBLASTS

-The most abundant cell in connective tissue proper -Polysaccharides and proteins secreted by fibroblasts combine with extra-cellular fluids to produce viscous GROUND SUBSTANCE then embeds with fibrous proteins to form EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX

endocrine glands

-are ductless -Release secretions into bloodstream

__________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes.

A. Blood B. Areolar tissue C. Osseous tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. Adipose tissue

__________ glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion via exocytosis. __________ glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products.

A. Endocrine; Exocrine B. Mucous; Serous C .Exocrine; Apocrine D. Mucous; Cutaneous E. Merocrine; Holocrine

__________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential.

A. Excitable B. Responsive C. Adipose D. Epithelial E. Connective

Which of the following does not account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance?

A. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) B. Proteoglycans C. Chondroitin sulfate D. Hyaluronic acid E. Collagen

__________ secrete __________ into __________.

A. Goblet cells; mucus; the blood B. Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts C. Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts D. Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood E. Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood

Which of the following is not a feature that almost all connective tissues have in common?

A. Most cells are not in direct contact with each other. B. Ground substance is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope. C. Cells usually occupy less space than the extracellular material. D. Protein fibers are usually present in the ground substance. E. Most connective tissues are highly vascular. *Connective Tissue has abundance of extracellular matrix between them. This extracellular matrix is made up of protein fibers and a ground substance.!!

Which of the following is not a type of fibrous connective tissue?

A. Reticular tissue B. Hyaline cartilage C. Dense regular connective tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. Areolar tissue Fibrous connective tissue, composed of parallel bundles of collagen fibers, found in dermis, tendons, and ligaments. 4 Categories of Connective Tissues: -FIBROUS CONNECTIVE(LOOSE or DENSE-(Areolar, Reticular, Dense Regular, Dense Irregular) -ADIPOSE -SUPPORTIVE CONNECTIVE(cartilage/bone) -FLUID CONNECTIVE(blood)

__________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas __________ epithelium is rare.

A. Simple columnar; stratified columnar B. Stratified squamous; stratified columnar C. Pseudostratified; stratified squamous D. Simple cuboidal; stratified squamous E. Stratified squamous; simple squamous

__________ epithelium is associated with rapid transport of substances through a membrane, whereas __________ epithelium is associated with resistance to abrasion.

A. Simple columnar; transitional B. Simple squamous; stratified squamous C. Simple cuboidal; pseudostratified D. Pseudostratified; simple squamous E. Pseudostratified; simple cuboidal

__________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as seen in the __________.

A. Transitional; tongue B. Keratinized; tongue C. Nonkeratinized; skin D. Keratinized; skin E. Nonkeratinized; vagina

Which of the following is not a feature that connective tissues have in common?

A. Very conspicuous fibers B. The presence of fibroblasts C. The presence of collagen D. Ground substance with a gelatinous to rubbery consistency E. A calcified matrix

Blood functions to __________________

A. allow for heart contraction and relaxation B. store energy for the heart C. provide support to the heart D. line the heart chambers E. transport nutrients to the tissues

Glands that have branched ducts and secretory cells that form sacs at one end of the ducts are classified as ___________ glands.

A. areolar B. simple acinar C. simple coiled tubular D. compound acinar E. compound tubuloacinar

New triglycerides are constantly being synthesized and stored, while others are hydrolyzed and released into the circulation by the cells found in __________.

A. blood B. fibrous connective tissue C. adipose tissue D. reticular tissue E. transitional tissue

Collagenous fibers are very abundant in __________.

A. blood and hyaline cartilage B. blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue C. ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin D. tendons, ligaments, and the deeper portion of the skin E. areolar tissue, tongue, and bones

The rubbery matrix of cartilage is secreted by __________, whereas _________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue

A. chondroblasts; plasma cells B. mast cells; fibroblasts C. osteocytes; chondroblasts D. chondroblasts; fibroblasts E. adipocytes; plasma cells

The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except _________ tissue.

A. connective B. fibrous C. nervous D. epithelial E. muscular

The histological section that divides a specimen along its long axis is called a(n) __________ section.

A. cross B. oblique C. transverse D. sagittal E. longitudinal

The shape of a person's external ear is due to the presence of __________.

A. dense regular connective tissue B. dense irregular connective tissue C. elastic cartilage D. fibrocartilage E. ligaments

Fibroblasts and protein fibers are associated with both __________ and __________.

A. dense regular; dense irregular connective tissues B. plasma; formed elements C. elastic cartilage; hyaline cartilage D. spongy bone; compact (dense) bone E. adipose tissue; reticular tissue

The middle primary germ layer is called __________, which gives rise to a gelatinous material called __________, which then gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, cartilage, and blood.

A. ectoderm; stem cells B. mesoderm; mesenchyme C. endoderm; mesenchyme D. mesoderm; fibroblasts E. ectoderm; mesenchyme

A connective tissue fiber refers to a(n) __________, a nerve fiber refers to a(n) __________, and a muscle fiber refers to a(n) __________.

A. entire cell; organelle; tissue B. organelle; entire cell; part of a cell C. organelle; entire cell; complex of macromolecules D. complex of macromolecules; entire cell; part of a cell E. complex of macromolecules; part of a cell; entire cell

An example of a highly vascular tissue is __________ tissue. An example of a tissue that is not highly vascular is __________.

A. epithelial; cartilage B. muscular; osseous tissue C. dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue D. areolar; cartilage E. nervous; osseous tissue

The basement membrane is found between __________ and __________.

A. epithelium; connective tissue B. epithelium; extracellular material C. epithelium; intracellular material D. extracellular material; intracellular material E. interstitial fluid; extracellular fluid

Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and __________.

A. fibroblasts B. chondrocytes C. neuroglia D. myocytes E. osteocytes

Some simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia have _________ cells, which produce a protective mucous coating over the mucous membranes.

A. fibrous B. blood C. basal D. keratinized E. goblet

A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a __________.

A. fixative B. histological section C. spread D. stain E. smear

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities, including _________.

A. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance C. giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure D. providing the major structural support of tendons and ligaments E. acting as an energy reserve for muscle contraction

Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect of elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have __________.

A. hyperextensible joints B. a small cranium C. elastic bones D. stronger bones E. viscous blood

After six months of lifting weights at the gym, you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to __________ of muscle cells.

A. hyperplasia B. neoplasia C. hypertrophy D. metaplasia E. atrophy

The covering of body surfaces and the lining of body cavities is composed of __________ tissue.

A. interstitial B. muscle C. adipose D. epithelial E. nervous

The clear gel inside a cell is called __________.

A. matrix B. ground substance C. interstitial fluid D. cytosol E. tissue fluid

The __________ gives rise to the __________.

A. mesoderm; digestive glands B. endoderm; muscular system and skeletal system C. ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis D. endoderm; mesoderm E. mesoderm; endoderm

Most membranes are composed of two or three tissue types. However, an example of an exception is the ___________ membrane.

A. mucous B. serous C. synovial D. cutaneous E. basement

Mucin is secreted by__________ glands, which combines with water to form a thick and sticky product. _________ glands produce a relatively watery fluid.

A. mucous; serous B. merocrine; holocrine C. apocrine; mixed D. endocrine; exocrine E. serous; mucous

It is normal for breasts to shrink after lactation ceases. This is a consequence of __________ in human breast cells.

A. necrosis B. apoptosis C. atrophy D. infarction E. gangrene

The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called _________.

A. necrosis B. apoptosis C. gangrene D. regeneration E. fibrosis

The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This is an example of __________.

A. neoplasia B. metaplasia C. atrophy D. differentiation E. hyperplasia

All cells in _______ epithelium reach the basement membrane, but only cells that reach the free surface have cilia.

A. pseudostratified columnar B. simple columnar C. stratified columnar D. stratified cuboidal E. stratified squamous

A brush border of microvilli is found in __________ epithelium, which can be found in the __________.

A. pseudostratified; nasal cavity B. simple cuboidal; esophagus C. simple columnar; small intestine D. stratified squamous; anal canal E. stratified squamous; esophagus *Microvilli are located on the surfaces of COLUMNAR epithelial cells of small intestine and kidney tubule. In contrast, cilia are located on surfaces of columnar epithelia cells of respiratory tract and uterine tube.

With regard to the healing of a skin wound, macrophages ___________.

A. release histamine to increase blood flow to the area B. produce and secrete collagenous fibers C. phagocytize and digest tissue debris D. stimulate epithelial cells to multiply E. make capillaries more permeable allowing white blood cells to migrate into the area

Most kidney tubules are made of __________ epithelial tissue, which is specialized for absorption and secretion.

A. simple columnar B. stratified columnar C. pseudostratified columnar D. simple cuboidal E. stratified cuboidal

Rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs takes place through __________ epithelium.

A. simple squamous B. simple cuboidal C. simple columnar D. keratinized stratified squamous E. nonkeratinized stratified squamous

The membrane that lines the lumenal surfaces of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts consists of _________.

A. simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue B. areolar and dense irregular connective tissue C. epithelium and lamina propria D. areolar tissue and lamina propria E. simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue

Astronauts in zero gravity are able to move food through their digestive tracts because __________.

A. smooth muscle produces waves of contractions that propel material through the digestive tract B. skeletal muscle puts pressure on the digestive tract C. cardiac muscle maintains a high pressure that moves material through the digestive tract D. striated muscle creates a pressure gradient that forces material from one end of the digestive tract to the other E. skeletal muscle sphincters contract and allow materials to move through the digestive tract

An epithelium whose cells are tall and narrow, with each one touching the basement membrane and reaching the apical surface, is called __________ epithelium.

A. stratified squamous B. stratified cuboidal C. simple cuboidal D. simple columnar E. pseudostratified columnar

Skeletal muscle is described as __________.

A. striated and voluntary B. striated and involuntary C. nonstriated and voluntary D. nonstriated and involuntary E. fibrous and containing ground substance

The membrane that lines passageways that open to the exterior environment is called __________.

A. the lamina propria B. endothelium C. a synovial membrane D. a serous membrane (serosa) E. a mucous membrane (mucosa)

In the intestine, __________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them.

A. the plasma membrane B. desmosomes C. tight junctions D. gap (communicating) junctions E. ground substance

Found in the urinary bladder, __________ epithelium resembles __________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened.

A. transitional; stratified squamous B. stratified squamous; pseudostratified C. stratified squamous; stratified columnar D. simple columnar; pseudostratified E. transitional; simple cuboidal

Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are __________ stem cells.

A. unipotent B. multipotent C. pluripotent D. totipotent E. omnipotent

Adult stem cells are usually pluripotent.

F

Connective tissues contain abundant cells that are on contact with one another.

F

Rapid cell death caused by a complete cutting off of blood supply is called gangrene.

F

The process of a cell changing types to respond to its environment is called neoplasia.

F

Blood consists of:

plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Dendrites in a neuron

receives messages from other cells