BIO 207: A&P 1 STLCC - LEC EXAM 4 (CHAPTER 15: The Special Senses)

1) Where are the general senses located? A) skin B) nose C) eyes D) tongue

A

10) Place the following steps of nerve impulses in the olfaction pathway in order. 1. primary olfactory cortex in the temporal lobe 2. olfactory nerve 3. olfactory neurons 4. olfactory bulb A) 3, 2, 4, 1 B) 2, 3, 4, 1 C) 3, 4, 2, 1 D) 2, 4, 3, 1

A

2) What nerves carry information about the special senses to the CNS? A) cranial nerves only B) spinal nerves only C) cervical nerves only D) both cranial and spinal nerves

A

8) The activation of olfactory receptors requires that the odorant become immersed in: A) mucus. B) blood. C) cerumen. D) saliva.

A

9) Place the following steps in the correct order for transduction of a chemical odorant into a nerve signal. 1. Odorants reach receptors in the cilia of olfactory neurons. 2. cAMP opens ions channels that allow sodium and calcium ions to enter the cell. 3. The G-protein activates an enzyme, adenylate cyclase, to convert ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP). 4. The binding of an odorant activates a G-protein which then detaches from the receptor. 5. The membrane is depolarized. Depolarization that reaches threshold at the axon hillock triggers an action potential and transduction has been achieved. A) 1, 4, 3, 2, 5 B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 C) 1, 3, 4, 2, 5 D) 1, 4, 2, 3, 5

A

93) Sclera

A

A weak superior oblique muscle would impair: A) depression of the eye and lateral movement. B) superior movement of the eye. C) lateral movement and elevation of the eye. D) inferior and lateral movement of the eye.

A

As sound waves travel into the ear, they pass from the auditory canal to the: A) tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea. B) tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, round window, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea. C) tympanic membrane, oval window, auditory ossicles, perilymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea. D) tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, oval window, endolymph, scala vestibuli of the cochlea.

A

Damage to the hair cells of the spiral organ (organ of Corti) can result in a loss of: A) hearing. B) vision. C) equilibrium. D) olfaction.

A

Having to adjust to a dark room after walking in from bright light is because: A) rods exposed to bright light need time to regenerate rhodopsin. B) the lens requires time to accommodate dim light. C) rhodopsin does not function in dim light. D) only cones function in dim light.

A

Identify the cranial nerves NOT involved in carrying taste information from the tongue into the CNS. A) hypoglossal nerves (CN XII) B) vagus nerves (CN X) C) facial nerves (CN VII) D) glossopharyngeal nerves (CN IX)

A

In the dark (absence of a stimulus), the photoreceptors are: A) depolarized. B) bleached. C) polarized. D) hyperpolarized

A

In the light-adapted state: A) rods are bleached and unable to function. B) colors are dull. C) we can only see color and not black and white. D) we could see better in the dark.

A

People who are unable to distinguish certain colors have a form of: A) color blindness. B) glaucoma. C) cataracts. D) astigmatism.

A

The ability of the lens to change its shape from flattened to round is known as: A) accommodation. B) inversion. C) refraction. D) convergence.

A

The sense of equilibrium does NOT depend on input from: A) the cochlea. B) proprioceptors in muscles and joints. C) the vestibular system. D) the visual system.

A

The vibrations received by the tympanic membrane are transferred to the oval window by the: A) auditory ossicles. B) oval window. C) cochlea. D) stapedius muscle.

A

Twenty-year-old Leslie learned she is hyperopic after having her eyes examined. What best describes her eye condition? A) Her eyeballs are too short. B) Her eyeballs are too long. C) Her eyeball shape is normal. D) Her eyes are experiencing age-related decline

A

What creates the boundary between the air-filled middle ear and the fluid-filled inner ear? A) oval window B) basilar membrane C) tympanic membrane D) tectorial membrane

A

What is the function of the lens? A) The lens focuses light on the retina. B) The lens nourishes the retina. C) The lens controls the amount of light passing through the pupil. D) The lens reduces the scattering of light.

A

Which extrinsic eye muscles move the eye inferiorly? A) superior oblique and inferior rectus B) lateral rectus and inferior oblique C) inferior oblique and superior rectus D) inferior oblique and inferior rectus

A

12) Which letter represents the foliate taste buds?

B

5) Olfaction is the sense of: A) taste. B) smell. C) balance. D) hearing.

B

95) Cornea

B

98) External auditory canal

B

Aiden was surprised to learn that his salad dressing contained glucose since it did NOT taste: A) salty. B) sweet. C) bitter. D) sour.

B

How is the sensation of taste affected by a dry mouth? A) Foods have a more intense taste when the mouth is dry. B) Foods have a less intense taste when the mouth is dry. C) The moisture level of the mouth has no influence on taste sensation. D) Most foods will taste bitter when the mouth is dry.

B

The optic disc is known as the blind spot because: A) only cones populate the optic disc. B) photoreceptors are absent from the optic disc. C) the fovea centralis prevents light from striking the optic disc. D) only rods populate the optic disc.

B

The sclera is continuous with a transparent layer over the anterior eye known as the: A) lens. B) cornea. C) conjunctiva. D) choroid.

B

The startle reflex occurs when auditory information reaches the: A) thalamus. B) midbrain. C) hypothalamus. D) pons.

B

What detects dynamic equilibrium? A) cochlea B) crista ampullaris C) spiral organ (organ of Corti) D) utricle and saccule

B

What equalizes pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane? A) round window B) pharyngotympanic tube (eustachian tube) C) external auditory canal (external acoustic meatus) D) oval window

B

What part of the inner ear is involved in hearing? A) utricle B) cochlea C) vestibule D) saccule

B

What pigment is derived from vitamin A? A) photopsin B) retinal C) opsin D) transducin

B

What region of the retina contains a high density of photoreceptor cells and allows for extremely detailed vision? A) optic disc B) fovea centralis C) ciliary body D) ora serrata

B

What secretes the aqueous humor? A) vitreous humor B) ciliary body C) iris D) lens

B

What supports the spiral organ (organ of Corti)? A) tectorial membrane B) basilar membrane C) membranous labyrinth D) tympanic membrane

B

Where are sensations integrated with memories of past experiences? A) cerebellum B) limbic system C) frontal lobe D) parietal lobe

B

Where is the primary gustatory cortex located? A) occipital lobe B) parietal lobe C) temporal lobe D) frontal lobe

B

Which auditory ossicle is connected to the tympanic membrane? A) incus B) malleus C) stapes D) anvil

B

Which cranial nerve is responsible for transmitting information about sounds and head position and movement to the brain? A) facial nerve (CN VII) B) vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII) C) optic nerve (CN II) D) olfactory nerve (CN I)

B

3) To what part of the brain are both general and most special senses carried? A) pons B) medulla oblongata C) thalamus D) hypothalamus

C

4) Special senses, such as sight and sound, are detected by: A) motor neurons. B) sensory neurons. C) special cells that transduce stimuli into electrical signals. D) both cranial nerves and spinal nerves

C

91) Iris

C

97) Tympanic membrane

C

Damage to the facial nerve would result in a loss of taste sensation from: A) roof of the mouth. B) posterior one-third of the tongue. C) anterior two-thirds of the tongue. D) base of the tongue.

C

Determine the correct order that light, and then an action potential, travels as it strikes the retina. A) retinal ganglion cells, photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve B) photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, optic nerve C) photoreceptor cells, bipolar cells, retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve D) bipolar cells, photoreceptor cells, retinal ganglion cells, optic nerve

C

If the stapedius muscle is unable to reduce movement of the ossicles as a unit, how is hearing affected? A) We hear no sound. B) Sounds will be softer than normal. C) Sounds will be louder than normal. D) Hearing is not affected.

C

Neural sensory signals are relayed to the thalamus, EXCEPT for the sensation of: A) hearing. B) vision. C) olfaction. D) dynamic equilibrium.

C

Taste is detected when chemicals bind receptors on the microvilli of: A) basal cells. B) supporting cells. C) gustatory cells. D) olfactory cells.

C

The inability to recognize a family member indicates impairment in the: A) parietal lobe. B) dorsal pathway. C) ventral pathway. D) pretectal area.

C

The loudness of sound is determined by the vibrations of the: A) scala vestibuli. B) otoliths. C) basilar membrane. D) tectorial membrane.

C

What description best matches the function of stereocilia? A) move up and down when the stapes moves back and forth B) transmit movement of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear C) bending produces depolarization or hyperpolarization in hair cells D) tiny calcium carbonate crystal that increase density in endolymph

C

What gland secretes oil to prevent the eyelids from sticking together? A) lacrimal gland B) sudoriferous gland C) tarsal gland D) cerumen gland

C

What is NOT a function of cerumen? A) Cerumen waterproofs and lubricates the external auditory canal. B) Cerumen traps debris before it reaches the tympanic membrane. C) Cerumen enhances sound transmission into the ear canal. D) Cerumen sweeps debris from the external auditory canal.

C

What part of the eye controls the amount of light entering through the pupil? A) cornea B) sclera C) iris D) lens

C

What separates the outer ear from the middle ear? A) pharyngotympanic tube B) auricle C) tympanic membrane D) auditory ossicles

C

What type of photoreceptor cell perceives color? A) bipolar cell B) rod C) cone D) hair cell

C

What unit of light stimulates photoreceptor cells in the retina? A) refractive index B) gamma ray C) photon D) glutamate

C

When a photoreceptor cell is stimulated by light: A) sodium ions enter the outer segment of the photoreceptor and depolarize it. B) transducin and phosphodiesterase (PDE) are inactive. C) the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes as sodium ion channels close. D) opsin and cis-retinal combine to form rhodopsin.

C

When sound waves bend stereocilia, what happens? A) Hearing loss results. B) Hair cells hyperpolarize as potassium flows into the cell through open channels. C) Hair cells depolarize, releasing neurotransmitter, and triggering an action potential. D) The force of the sound waves is converted into mechanical energy.

C

Where are sound vibrations amplified? A) semicircular canals B) tympanic membrane C) auditory ossicles D) vestibule

C

Where does each half of the visual field get segregated so that it reaches the opposite hemisphere of the brain? A) lateral geniculate nucleus B) hypothalamus C) optic chiasma D) occipital lobe

C

Which of the following demonstrates static equilibrium? A) spinning on a merry-go-round at the park B) riding in an elevator C) sitting in a movie theater to watch a film D) riding in a car

C

Which of the following parts of the eye refract light to focus it on the retina? A) ciliary body and suspensory ligaments B) pupil and iris C) cornea and lens D) sclera and choroid

C

22) Select the letter representing the nasolacrimal duct.

D

6) The olfactory nerves (CN I) are formed by: A) supporting cells. B) olfactory bulbs. C) olfactory tracts. D) axons of the olfactory neurons.

D

7) Damage to the basal cells in the olfactory epithelium results in a loss of: A) hearing. B) vision. C) taste. D) smell

D

Standing still in an elevator that suddenly lowers stimulates receptors in the: A) basilar membrane. B) spiral organ (organ of Corti). C) bony labyrinth. D) utricle and saccule.

D

The bending of stereocilia depolarizes or hyperpolarizes hair cells within the utricle and saccule and promote a sensation of: A) sound. B) spinning in a circle. C) turning of the head to the left or right. D) linear movement of the head.

D

The most taste buds are present in: A) filiform papillae. B) foliate papillae. C) fungiform papillae. D) vallate (circumvallate) papillae

D

The receptor cells for static equilibrium are located in the: A) otolithic membrane of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule. B) spiral organ (organ of Corti) of the cochlea. C) ampullae of the semicircular canals. D) maculae of the utricle and saccule of the vestibule.

D

The receptor cells of the semicircular canals are located in the: A) saccules. B) utricles. C) perilymph. D) ampullae.

D

The three layers of the eyeball, from outer to inner, are: A) vascular, neural, and fibrous layers B) fibrous, neural, and vascular layers C) neural, vascular, and fibrous layers D) fibrous, vascular, and neural layers

D

The three types of cones are designated: A) yellow, red, and blue. B) red, yellow, and blue. C) red, green, and yellow. D) red, green, and blue

D

What cranial nerve carries information about hearing and head movement to the brain? A) abducens nerve (CN VI) B) trigeminal nerve (CN IV) C) trochlear nerve (CN V) D) vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)

D

What gelatinous mass helps maintain the shape of the eyeball? A) perilymph B) aqueous humor C) ora serrata D) vitreous humor

D

What is NOT part of the inner ear? A) cochlea B) semicircular canals C) vestibule D) tympanic membrane

D

What taste sensation results when sodium ions enter gustatory cells through sodium ion channel receptors, and the cell depolarizes? A) bitter B) sour C) umami D) salty

D

Where does the conscious awareness of sound begin, along with the analysis of its pitch, location, and loudness? A) frontal lobe B) parietal lobe C) occipital lobe D) temporal lobe

D

Which cell has receptors specialized to detect different tastes? A) olfactory cell B) supporting cell C) basal cell D) gustatory cell

D

All taste sensations begin with the entry of hydrogen ions into a gustatory cell. true or false

False

Like all other sensory pathways, the nerve impulses associated with olfaction are routed through the thalamus on the way to the primary olfactory cortex. true or false

False

Neurons on the superior ol nucleus compare information from both ears to determine the loudness of sound. true or false

False

Rods are concentrated in the fovea centralis while cones are absent from this region of the retina. true or false

False

The eye contains two cavities situated within the anterior chamber. true or false

False

92) Lens

G

100) Vestibule

H

94) Area of retina specialized for detailed vision

H

96) Portion of the retina that contains no photoreceptors

I

99) Houses the receptors for hearing

I

An astigmatism is an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens which causes rays of light to refract unevenly. true or false

True

Endolymph travels within the membranous labyrinth while perilymph travels between the bony and membranous labyrinth. true or false

True

In both general and (most) special sensation, information is first processed by sensory nuclei and then transmitted to the thalamus and to primary cortex areas for awareness and identification. true or false

True

Six extrinsic eye muscles, including four rectums muscles and two oblique muscles, control the movement of each eye. true or false

True

Tears produced by the lacrimal glands sweep from the superolateral region of the orbit toward the medial and inferior portions of the eye. The tears drain into the passages leading to the nasal cavity. true or false

True

The five major taste sensations are sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami. true or false

True

The function of the pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube is to equalize air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane. true or false

True

The retina is the only portion of the eye to contain photoreceptor cells. true or false

True

When you bend your head, gravity pulls on the otolithic membrane, bending the stereocilia either toward or away from the kinocilium. true or false

True