Ch 15 HW
Which describes the sympathetic chain ganglia?
A longitudinal series of ganglia adjacent to both sides of the vertebral column
The neurotransmitter ______ binds to cholinergic receptors.
ACh
Indicate the statements that accurately describe muscarinic receptors.
ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an excitatory effect on some cells. ACh binding to muscarinic receptors has an inhibitory effect on some cells. All cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and gland cells have muscarinic receptors.
Which neurotransmitter is released by both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic division?
Acetylcholine
Which send input to the ANS?
Hypothalamus Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Cerebral cortex
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves? Select all that apply.
III, VII, IX, X
Which are effects of the sympathetic division on the circulatory system?
Increased heart rate Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the skin Vasoconstriction of visceral blood vessels Increased blood clotting
Which of the following describes an alpha-adrenergic receptor?
It is usually excitatory and may use a calcium second messenger system.
Which describes a beta-adrenergic receptor?
It is usually inhibitory. It uses a cAMP second messenger system. It inhibits smooth muscle of the bronchioles, enhancing airflow.
Which describes the autonomic nervous system?
It originates in the CNS and receives input from the cerebral cortex, the hypothalamus, and the medulla oblongata.
Which neurons secrete acetylcholine?
Most postganglionic parasympathetic neurons Most preganglionic sympathetic neurons Most preganglionic parasympathetic neurons
Which type of receptor can either be inhibited or excited by the binding of acetylcholine?
Muscarinic
Which neurotransmitter is most commonly secreted by postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division of the ANS?
Norepinephrine
Which hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla?
Norepinephrine Epinephrine
Parasympathetic fibers leave the brainstem through which cranial nerves?
Oculomotor Facial Glossopharyngeal Vagus
Which division of the ANS causes pupillary constriction and contraction of the ciliary muscle for near vision?
Parasympathetic division
Which nerve fibers secrete norepinephrine?
Postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic division
What are the effects of the sympathetic division on the eye?
Relaxation of the ciliary muscle and lens for far vision Pupillary dilation
Which of the following are sympathetic effects on the integumentary system?
Secretion from merocrine sweat glands Secretion from apocrine sweat glands
Which are sympathetic effects on the reproductive system?
Smooth muscle contraction during orgasm Labor contractions of the uterus
Functions of the enteric nervous system include which of the followin
To regulate motility through the digestive tract To regulate the secretion of digestive enzymes
The adrenal gland has two parts: an outer rim called the _____ and an inner portion called the ______.
adrenal cortex; adrenal medulla
Receptors for epinephrine and norepinephrine are called _____ receptors
adrenergic
A(n) ______-adrenergic receptor is usually excitatory and uses a calcium second messenger system or inhibits cAMP.
alpha
The __________-adrenergic receptor is usually inhibitory and acts through a cAMP second-messenger system.
beta
Which receptors bind to ACh?
cholinergic
_____ innervation refers to the fact that many structures in the body are innervated by nerve fibers from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.
dual
An organ that receives both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers is said to have what?
dual innervation
The ______ nervous system consists entirely of neurons embedded in the wall of the digestive tract and does not originate from the brain or spinal cord.
enteric
True or false: The limbic system is the part of the brain involved with coordination of motor input.
false
Which is the major control center of the visceral motor system?
hypothalamus
Cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic fibers are found in the ________ horn of gray matter in the spinal cord.
lateral
Where are the cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic fibers located in the spinal cord?
lateral gray horn
Regarding the length of fibers, the parasympathetic nervous system has ______ preganglionic fibers and ______ postganglionic fibers.
long, short
The ganglia of the parasympathetic division are located ______.
near or within the target organ
The ganglia of the sympathetic division are located ______. Multiple choice question.
near the spinal column
Which division of the ANS causes a decreased heart rate, vasodilation of visceral blood vessels, and vasodilation of the skin's blood vessels?
parasympathetic
Which division of the ANS causes penile or clitoral engorgement and stimulation of glandular secretion?
parasympathetic
What is the alternative name for the craniosacral division of the ANS?
parasympathetic division
Which nervous system transmits only excitatory signals to effector cells?
somatic nervous system
The division of the ANS that has relatively short preganglionic fibers and long postganglionic fibers is the ______ division.
sympathetic
Vasomotor tone is produced by a baseline level of stimulation by which division of the ANS?
sympathetic
Which division of the ANS is associated with the "fight-or-flight" response?
sympathetic
Which division of the ANS stimulates sweat glands and piloerector muscle contraction?
sympathetic
Which ganglia extend from the cervical region to the coccygeal region along the vertebral column?
sympathetic chain
In the ______ division of the ANS the preganglionic nerve fibers are short, while in the ______ division the preganglionic fibers are relatively long.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Neural divergence is extensive in the ______ division of the autonomic nervous system, while in the ______ division, divergence is minimal.
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Which nervous system has two nerve fibers connecting the CNS to an effector?
the ANS
From where do all preganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system arise?
thoracic & lumbar regions of the spinal cord
_____ tone describes the continual input from the sympathetic division to the smooth muscle of blood vessel walls, resulting in a partial and constant tension.
vasomotor
Where is the limbic system located?
within the cerebral cortex
