bio chapter 36
True or false: The Arctic tundra has about the same amount of precipitation as a desert.
True
The organisms at the base of the food chain in a hydrothermal vent ecosystem are chemoautotrophic
bacteria
Select the areas of the ocean that are included in the benthic division
continental slope abyssal
Often referred to as nurseries of the sea, ________ are typically nutrient-rich and biologically diverse.
estuaries
Chemoautotrophs use energetic electrons derived from hydrogen sulfide to reduce bicarbonates to ___________ compounds which support an ecosystem near hydrothermal vents in the ocean.
organic
The mixing process that occurs in the fall in stratified lakes is called fall
overturn
An African grassland biome characterized by few trees and a severe dry season is a(n)
savanna
A biome characterized by dense shrubs that are adapted to fire is a(n)
shrubland
Cold-water fish in lakes tend to be in the deeper, colder waters during the
summer
True or false: The pelagic division is the open portion of an ocean.
t
The terrestrial biome that is a coniferous forest extending in a broad belt across northern Eurasia and North America is the
tagia
Which of the following would be most likely to have extensive amphibian and reptile animal life?
temperate deciduous forest
The physical features of the land are called its
topography
What animals are characteristic of a temperate deciduous forest?
white-tail deer red fox black bear
Which of the following would be a typical top carnivore in the taiga?
wolf
epilimnion
An upper layer of warm water with high levels of dissolved oxygen
Which pelagic zone receives light only from bioluminescent creatures?
Bathypelagic
True or false: Insects are not found in the tundra biome.
False
True or false: Most of the animals in a tropical rain forest live on the forest floor.
False
True or false: Permafrost is typical of the taiga biome.
False
True or false: The North American prairies and African savannas are examples of chaparrals.
False
What current is related to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation?
Humboldt
Which of the following are locations at which coniferous forests are found?
Pacific coast of North America the taiga near mountain tops
Select all of the adaptations used by animals that live in regions of the tundra.
Some migrate. Some have thick fur coats and squat body shapes. Some burrow into the snow during storms.
True or false: Shrublands tend to occur along coasts.
True
True or false: The growing season in a temperate deciduous forests can be quite long.
True
True or false: The soil of a tropical rain forest has a lower nutrient level than that of a temperate deciduous forest.
True
True or false: The taiga is a type of coniferous forest found only in the northern hemisphere.
True
True or false: The temperate grasslands have very cold winters and hot summers.
True
thermocline
a steep temperature gradient in a body of water such as a lake, marked by a layer above and below which the water is at different temperatures.
Sea cucumbers, tube worms, and sea lilies are common in the
abyssal plain
Zooxanthellae are microscopic ___________ that have a mutualistic relationship with coral.
algae
Where does upwelling occur?
along a coast
The tundra near the peak of a mountain is called
alpine tundra
Select all of the reasons why trees of coniferous forests are well adapted to the cold.Which of the following would be most likely to have extensive amphibian and reptile animal life?
bark with thick coverings needles that can withstand the weight of heavy snow leaves reduced to needles
In which ocean zone would you find the strangest looking fish?
bathypelagic
The monsoon climate of India is dependent on the temperature of the land
being warmer than the ocean.
Most of the decomposers in a lake ecosystem would be found in the
benthic
Which lake life zone contains worms and clams?
benthic
The ocean floor division of the ocean is referred to as the
benthic.
A major terrestrial ecosystem type that is characterized by certain climatic conditions and particular types of plants is called a(n)
biome
The type of water that is a mixture of fresh and salt water is referred to as
brackish.
Land masses cause ocean currents to travel in
circular paths
The prevailing weather conditions in a particular region, dictated specifically by temperature and rainfall, is called
climate
Variations in solar radiation, topography, and proximity to bodies of water are factors that can affect
climate
Select all of the following that are used in the classification of biomes.
climate particular types of plants particular types of animals
In which direction do ocean currents move in the Northern Hemisphere?
clockwise
The Earth's spinning about its axis causes the winds to blow ____________ in the Northern Hemisphere and ___________ in the Southern Hemisphere.
clockwise counterclockwise
Having needle-like leaves and thick bark are reasons trees of the _____________ forests are well adapted to the cold.
coniferous
Redwood, spruce, fir, and pine are typical types of trees found in
coniferous or taiga forest
The steady flow of water within an ocean is called an ocean
current
The temperate deciduous forests in the United States and Canada contain primarily _____ trees.
deciduous
A forest characterized by oak, beech, and maple is a temperate
deciduous forest
A forest in the eastern half of the US, Canada, Europe and parts of Russia is the temperate
deciduous forest
A specific type of estuary that is a triangular-shaped area of land at the mouth of a river is called a(n)
delta
An ecological biome characterized by limited rainfall and very hot days with cool nights is a(n)
desert
In order to conserve water, many animals of the ____________ are either nocturnal or burrowing.
desert
Which biome has the least precipitation?
desert
Having a waterproof outer covering that conserves water and being nocturnal are two adaptations used by animals that live in a(n)
deserts
Which of the following layers of a stratified lake is warmed by solar radiation?
epilimnion
Which pelagic zone is frequented by porpoise and dolphin for feeding?
epipelagic
An aerial plant that takes nourishment from the air is called a(n)
epiphyte.
Precipitation is greatest near the _______________ because the sun heats the air and evaporates water. This warm, moist air rises and loses most of its moisture as rain.
equator
Salt marshes, mudflats, and mangrove swamps are all aquatic ecosystems called
estuaries
Organisms that inhabit a(n) ____________ must be able to withstand rapid changes in salinity.
estuary
The transition zone that occurs where a river meets the ocean and where fresh water mixes with salt water is called a(n)
estuary
Which contains a mixture of both fresh and salt water?
estuary
If large amounts of nutrients are added to a lake, it can become
eutrophic.
Pollution of bodies of water by human activities can lead to excessive algae growth and oxygen depletion known as
eutrophication
The enrichment of water by inorganic nutrients is called
eutrophication
True or false: Desert nights are typically very warm due to radiation of heat from the ground.
false
True or false: India's monsoon climate begins because the land is cooler than the water of the Indian Ocean.
false
True or false: Northern and Southern Hemisphere ocean currents move in the same direction.
false
True or false: The Humboldt current carries warm water northward along the west coast of North America.
false
True or false: The taiga is characterized by deciduous forest.
false
True or false: The two factors that have the greatest effect on climate are solar radiation and the Earth's rotation.
false
Sponges, sea squirts, and fanworms are coral reef residents that
filter feed
An inlet of water between two cliffs is called a(n)
fjord
The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are
freshwater and saltwater.
Select the animals that live in shrublands.
gophers jackrabbits coyotes
A(n) _____________ is a temperate biome that is too wet for a desert to form, but too dry for forests to form.
grassland
Mice, prairie dogs, and rabbits are small mammals that inhabit ecosystems called temperate
grasslands
Both the North American prairie and the South American pampas are examples of
grasslands.
The ocean current that carries warm Caribbean water to the Atlantic coast of North America and higher latitudes of western Europe is called the
gulf stream
Which of the following are animal adaptations to the seasonal growth of grass?
hibernation migration
Deserts occur at regions of
high atmospheric pressure created by warm air, which results in low rainfall.
The poles of the Earth are
high pressure areas and have low amounts of precipitation.
Select all of the following that contribute to the relatively low nutrient content of tropical rain forest soil.
high temperature long growing season high productivity
The northward ocean current that flows along the west coast of South America is called the
humbolt current
Seawater heated to 350˚C percolates through cracks called ___________ vents in the ocean bottom.
hydrothermal
In the United States, the lake effect snowfall in the Great Lakes region
increases snowfall over cities south of the Great Lakes.
Ice that forms on lakes provides a(n) ____________ effect, preventing further cooling of the water below and thus allowing aquatic life to live through the winter.
insulating
The organisms of the abyssal plain are primarily
invertebrates.
The hypolimnion, epilimnion, and the thermocline are layers of a stratified
lake
Bodies of fresh water, often classified as oligotrophic or eutrophic, are called
lakes.
Ocean currents travel in circular paths because they strike
land
At night along a coast, the breeze blows from
land to sea.
Along a coast, wind blows landward during the day because the
land warms more quickly than the sea.
On which side of a mountain barrier do you find the rain shadow?
leeward
profundal zone
life zone of a lake, catfish may feed on debris that fall from upper life zones.
In which lake life zone would you find most of the small fish like minnows?
limnetic
Large carnivores of the African savanna include which of the following?
lions leopards cheetahs hyenas
A water-strider walks at the air-water interface on top of the
littoral
Aquatic plants are rooted in the _____ zone of a lake.
littoral
zone lies between the low tide and high tide marks.
littoral
The lake life zone that is closest to the shore is the
littoral zone.
The forests of the temperate zones are _____ pressure regions with high rainfall.
low
Carnivores that are adapted to the absence of light, and thus tend to be translucent, red, or luminescent, can be found in the _________ zone.
mesopelagic
When the grass is not growing on a grassland, animals like bison respond by
migrating.
Select all of the following that describe the climate of a temperate deciduous forest.
moderate climate relatively high rainfall four well defined seasons
A coniferous forest of a mountain is called a(n) ____________ coniferous forest.
montane
Which biome occurs at a higher altitude?
montane coniferous forest
The coniferous forest found on a mountain is called
montane coniferous forest.
Which of the following are typical tundra plants?
mosses grasses sedges
The type of relationship formed by zooxanthellae and corals is
mutualistic.
The two provinces included in the pelagic division of the ocean are?
neritic oceanic
The Mississippi River carries __________________ into the Gulf of Mexico, leading to eutrophication.
nitrates
The Arctic tundra is found in the
northern hemisphere.
Oligotrophic lakes can become eutrophic if large amounts of
nutrients are added to the water.
Select all of the characteristics of hydrothermal vents.
occur on the ocean floor hydrogen sulfide is formed water temperatures can be 350 degrees C contain colonies of chemoautotrophic bacteria
A lagoon is a body of water separated from the
ocean by a narrow strip of land
Air takes on the temperature of the water below it, which causes wind to blow. Therefore, the ____________ have a major influence on wind patterns.
oceans
The two main types of lakes are
oligotrophic and eutrophic.
The mixing process that occurs in the spring in a stratified lake is called spring
overturn
The chemoautotrophic bacteria at a hydrothermal vent obtain energy by
oxidizing hydrogen sulfide.
The open portion of the ocean is called the
pelagic division
The oceanic and the neritic are the two provinces of the
pelagic, division of the ocean.
The permanently frozen ground of a tundra biome is called
permafrost
Runoff from farming in the Midwest is causing excessive levels of ______ & _____ to enter the Gulf of Mexico.
phosphates nitrates
In the limnetic zone, small fish feed on
plankton
Bison and pronghorn antelope are grazing animals that were once numerous in North American temperate grasslands called
prairies
Barracuda, moray eel, and shark are the top __________ within a coral reef.
predators
A "lurking predator" like a pike would most likely be found in the
profundal
A challenge for an organism that inhabits an estuary would be
rapid changes in salinity.
Select all of the trees that are typical of the coniferous forest.
redwood fir spruce pine
The most characteristic vertebrates of the deserts are the
reptiles.
The curving pattern of winds, ocean currents, and cyclones is a result of the fact that the Earth
rotates on its axis.
Elephants and giraffes are found in grasslands called
savannas.
The large grasslands of central and southern Africa are called
savannas.
The leeward side of a mountain barrier, which receives less precipitation than the windward side, is said to be in the rain
shadow
An arid, coastal, terrestrial biome in which shrubs are predominant is called a(n)
shrubland
Jackrabbits and coyotes are two animals that are typically found in
shrublands.
Deserts occur at about 30 degrees north and south latitudes because air
sinks towards the Earth's surface and reheats creating high pressure which results in low rainfall.
Nutrients are added to the soil by the burning of trees during the process of swidden agriculture or ___________ and ____________ agriulture.
slash and burn agriculture
Select the areas included in the benthic division of the ocean.
soil of the continental shelf continental slope abyssal plain
The epilimnion of a lake is warmed by
solar radiation
Which of the following are important factors in the determination of climate?
solar radiation proximity to water topography
In a desert dwelling spiny cactus, the ______ both stores water and performs photosynthesis.
stem
When it is winter in the northern hemisphere, the southern hemisphere is experiencing which season?
summer
mangrove
swamp is a type of estuary ecosystem found in the tropics.
Trees are not found in the tundra because
the growing season is too short. tree roots cannot penetrate the permafrost layer.
hypolimnion
the lower layer of water in a stratified lake, typically cooler than the water above and relatively stagnant.
Nearly all permanent beach residents dwell beneath the sand because
the sand is shifting and unstable.
The direction of the winds of the Earth are affected by
the spinning of the Earth about its axis.
The greatest amount of rainfall on Earth occurs near the equator because
the warm, moist air rises and loses most of its moisture as rain.
Select the layers of a stratified lake.
thermocline epilimnion hypolimnion
Due to the Earth's spinning on its axis, there are ____________ large circulation patterns in each hemisphere.
three
Seasons occur in the northern and southern hemispheres because the Earth is
tilted.
The rainfall in a grassland biome is insufficient to support
trees
Select characteristics of a location where a coral reef forms.
tropical nutrient-poor neritic province
A biome near the equator with plentiful rainfall and abundant tree-living animal life is the
tropical rain
In which biome would you expect to find lemurs, sloths, and monkeys?
tropical rain forest
Which biome is characterized by the highest temperature and greatest precipitation?
tropical rain forest
Which biome is located closest to the equator?
tropical rain forest
Which of the following biomes would have the warmest climate?
tropical rain forest
Where has slash and burn agriculture been most destructive?
tropical rain forests
True or false: Montane coniferous forests are found on mountains.
true
True or false: The Gulf Stream current is responsible for the relatively warm weather in Great Britain.
true
True or false: Topographical features influence climate.
true
True or false: Trees do not grow in the tundra biome.
true
Animal species living in the _________________ such as ptarmigan or musk ox, have adaptations for extreme cold weather and short growing or feeding seasons.
tundra
The biome located just south of the ice-covered polar seas in the Northern Hemisphere is the arctic
tundra
The biome that is often cold and dark, with long winters and short summers and little precipitation is the Arctic
tundra
The growing season is too short and roots have difficulty growing into the soil, which prevents trees from growing in the ______.
tundra
Which biome is characterized by the lowest temperature and the lowest precipitation?
tundra
Which biome occurs at the highest latitude?
tundra
Vertical stratification and seasonal change of temperatures in a lake influences the distribution of cold-water fish. For example, during the winter cold water fish inhabit the
upper water area of a lake
During an El Nino-Southern Oscillation, stagnation results because __________ does not occur.
upwelling
In oceans, when cold, offshore winds cause cold nutrient rich waters to rise and take the place of warm nutrient poor waters,
upwelling
In the United States, the lake effect occurs when air blowing over the Great Lakes becomes
warm and moisture-laden.
Select the strategies used by desert animals to survive.
waterproof outer coverings being nocturnal
Climate refers to the prevailing ____________ conditions in a particular area.
weather