Bio Exam 2
If an herbicide blocked the Calvin cycle before the generation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P), which of the following statements would be TRUE?
No sugar would be made by the plant.
The Calvin cycle is sometimes called the "dark reactions." Could it take place if a plant were grown in the dark continuously?
No, because sunlight is needed to split water to provide NADPH.
The carbon used in photosynthesis in the tree shown in the figure comes from ________.
air
What is the function of stomata?
gas exchange
If a person eats one hard-boiled egg and digests the egg fully, cellular respiration will convert most of this energy into ________.
heat
Lactic acid build up in muscles is a sign that ________.
insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
figure shows that
our cells can use sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids to produce ATP
The act of a white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is ________.
phagocytosis
What name is given to a discrete packet of light?
photon
Molecules that come from the food we eat provide energy for the amazing work that goes on inside of our cells. This energy, stored inside of our food, is a form of ________.
potential energy called chemical energy
If placed in tap water, an animal cell will undergo lysis, whereas a plant cell will not. What accounts for this difference?
the relative inelasticity and strength of the plant cell wall
Where are photosystems located?
thylakoid membrane
Humans convert approximately ________ of the energy stored in food to useful work.
34%
How many times must the Calvin cycle turn for the plant cell to be able to produce one molecule of glucose?
6
On a lab bench, there are four balloons filled with identical volumes of different salt solutions: 0% (balloon A), 5% (balloon B), 10% (balloon C), and 15% (balloon D). There are also four beakers each filled with identical volumes of a 10% salt solution. The balloons are semi-permeable; that is, only water can enter and exit the balloon. All four balloons are placed in separate beakers at the same time and are allowed to come to equilibrium. Which is the correct order of balloon volumes at equilibrium, from largest to smallest?
A < B < C < D
The Calvin cycle requires ________ and ________ from the light reactions in order to operate.
ATP... NADPH
In Texas, a man showed up at a medical facility claiming that he felt drunk when he had not ingested any alcohol. Indeed his blood alcohol measured 0.37, many times the legal limit. Although he was a home brewer, he claimed that this intoxication had been happening often without his drinking any alcohol. Which of these hypotheses and actions might be most useful in diagnosing this problem?
He might have recently had a round of antibiotics that killed the bacteria that usually live in his gut and allowed a yeast species to overgrow. Put him on probiotics and a low carb diet for a week and recheck his blood alcohol.
Which component of the following reaction is the enzyme? sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
Sucrase
Which component of the following reaction is the substrate? sucrose + sucrase + water → sucrase + glucose + fructose
Sucrose
If the interior of the thylakoid were not a sealed compartment ________.
The proton gradient could not be maintained
A balloon permeable to water but not to glucose contains a 10% glucose solution. A beaker contains a 5% glucose solution. Which of the following is TRUE?
The solution in the balloon is hypertonic relative to the solution in the beaker.
Glucose molecules provide energy to power the swimming motion of sperm. In this example, the sperm are changing ________.
chemical energy into kinetic energy
Which of the following is found in both cellular respiration and in the light reactions of photosynthesis?
electron transport chain
The figure below shows that ________. Drawing of the structure of ATP and the conversion of ATP to ADP, which releases energy. ATP is an adenosine with a triphosphate tail, where the tail is a chain of three phosphate groups. Transferring the terminal phosphate from ATP to another molecule releases energy and leaves ADP (adenosine diphosphate), an adenosine with a two-phosphate chain tail.
energy is released from ATP when it releases a phosphate group
When a molecule absorbs a photon, one of its electrons is raised to the ________ state.
excited
When a person cries, tears are exported from cells through the process of ________.
exocytosis
Cells with a higher concentration of ions than the surrounding medium tend to ________.
expand
Some protozoans have special organelles called contractile vacuoles that continually eliminate excess water from the cell. The presence of these organelles tells you that the environment ________.
is hypotonic to the protozoan
You are riding on your bike and stop pedaling, coasting along the road. Eventually, your bike slows down and stops. What happened to the energy of your motion when your bike stopped?
it was released as heat
Which one of the following is most similar to the mechanism of an enzyme inhibitor?
keeping someone from parking their car by parking in it
Which of the following BEST describes the direct mechanism of ATP production during photosynthesis?
use of the energy stored in hydrogen ion (H+) gradients; the potential energy of the proton gradient is released as the protons move down their gradient through special membrane protein channels; this energy is converted to chemical bond energy in the ATP molecule
