Bio Exam 3 (FINAL)

Roughly how much energy in a trophic level is available to the next trophic level?

10%

According to E.O. Wilson's Theory of Island Biogeography, which two islands would you expect to have the greatest diversity?

3 and 6 (right size)

The first seed plants evolved about _________ million years ago and account for _________% of the approximate 290,000 living species of plants.

360, 90

A bottleneck is best described as

A reduction in the size of an original population followed by an expansion is size as the surviving members reproduce

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

A remora fish removes algae and parasites from a shark's skin and receives protection in return

What is an example of colony morphology?

Bacillis

Which pairing is incorrect... Angiosperms-flowers Angiosperms-seeds Bryophytes-vascular tissue Gymnosperms-cones

Bryophytes-vascular tissue

an earthworm is an example of what type of body cavity

Coelomate

If two species are directly competing for an ecological niche, which outcome will NOT occur?

Competition would continue and not alter the populations

detrivitores

Correct match: organisms that are scavengers and consume dead organic matter

Which of the following is not a defense mechanism?

Cyclic nature of lynx and hare populations

A pumpkin would be classified as what type of fruit?

Fleshy, pepo

Protists are nutritionally divers. How are they defined in terms of mechanisms for gathering energy sources?

Heterotrophs Photoautotrophs Mixotrophs

The rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria demonstrates which of the following?

Humans have provided the selective pressure that results in more harmful strains of bacteria.

Which of the following is NOT a type of Biodiversity Group of answer choices Ecological Species Individual Genetic

Individual

When a population reaches its carrying capacity, it appears to persist (does not decrease or increase) indefinitely. How is that possible?

Number of births = number of deaths

Which of the following statements is NOT important to Darwin's Theory of natural Selection?

Offspring tend to inherit characteristics acquired by their parents during their lifetime

What is an example of how bacteria are NOT beneficial to human society?

Pathogens

Thomas Malthus's 1798 work, Essay on the Principle of Population, greatly influenced Darwin and his ideas of selective pressures on populations. Which of the following statements best summarizes Malthus's idea?

People reproduce much more quickly than their resources do. This results in competition for food and space, and in suffering and death

Protists are most closely related to?

Some groups of protists share common ancestry with fungus, animals or plants

In humans, very large birth weight babies and very tiny babies do not survive as well as mid range babies. What kind of selection is acting on human birth weight?

Stabilizing selection

The discovery of the fossils of Irish elk

Supports scientific evidence for extinction

Survival of the fittest may be a misleading phrase to describe the process of evolution by natural selection because:

Survival matters less to natural selection than does reproductive success

Vibrio fischeri, a bioluminescent bacterium that lives and feeds inside some species of squid is an example of a

Symbiont

Which of the following does not describe a type of niche?

The number of offspring it produces each generation

In relation to a food chain, what do plants and algae have in common?

They are both producers

Assume that a new herbivore is added to the island - Isle Royale that is not a prey for wolves. Predict the effect of this introduction on the population of trees.

Tree poplulations would decrease

Understanding how a population changes over time often involves understanding the population size and the population density. T or F

True

Evolution is defined as

a change in the frequency of alleles genetic make-up) in a population over time

A bear that eats both blueberries and fish can be referred to as a(n)

a omnivore, heterotroph and a consumer

The term prokaryotic refers to

a type of cell structure

Which of the following density-dependent factor influencing population growth? Elevated temperature Prolonged winters A viral disease A devastating forest fire All of these

a viral disease

During your lab, you will be calculating the variance in a population related to its distribution. The larger the variance value, the more _________ the population distribution is.

aggregated

which is fungus... Mushrooms Yeast All of these Molds None of these

all

An ecosystem ecologist might study

all of these

which of the following would cause a population to grow? an increase in the birth rate and a larger increase in the death rate Identical increases in both the birth rate and the death rate an identical decrease in both the birth rate and the death rate a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in the death rate an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in the death rate

an increase in the birth rate and a decrease in the death rate

If you wanted to find a bacterium, where would you look? on your skin in the soil in the ocean associated with plants any of these

any of these

what is not a characteristic of an animal.. autotrophic multicellular heterotrophic contains hox genes

autotrophic

lobster is example of what type of symmetry

bilateral

Which of the following characterizations best describes a mutualistic symbiotic relationship?

both organisms benefit

The number of individuals that can be supported in a given habitat is the :

carrying capacity

Darwin made numerous observations during his five-year voyage. What observation did NOT influence the formation of his Theory of Natural Selection?

changes in DNA among different species

which does not have bilateral symmetry Cnidarians Annelids Echinoderms Chrodates

cnidarians

Resources often limit populations. When resources are used by more than one species, the initial result is:

competition

The American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) and the Common Kestrel (Falco tinnuculus) are found on different continents; however, both hunt for small mammals and birds in the open country. therefore these two species:

do not compete

The absence of membrane-bound organelles in a cell tells you that the cell must be... from the domain Bacteria from the domain Archaea from the domain Eukarya either a or b either b or c

either a or b

Organisms are placed into one or another of the three domains of life on the basis of

evolutionary history as assessed genetic relatedness

Pollen is

female gametophyte

Which animal does not contain true tissues?

flatworms

Which of the following is NOT an example of density-dependent limiting factor that influences carrying capacity?

flooding

What are some characteristics of monocots?

floral parts in 3s, vascular bundles scattered, parallel-veined leaves

How are ideas of island biogeography used in conservation efforts?

for designs of preserves, parks and wilderness areas

Which of the following are examples of genetic drift?

founders affect and bottleneck affect

The longer two species have been evolving on their own, the greater the number of __________ that accumulate between them.

genetic differences

Which factor would not influence a species risk of background extinction?

hurricane tolerance

For prokaryotic organisms to be successful at Lost City (from your text), what energy source must they be able to use?

hydrogen gas

Fungi have unique threadlike structures which absorb nutrients. These structures are called?

hypha

Which of the following is NOT a phylum classification?

mamalia

Seeds are

mature ovules

Which term best describes a population where the distribution of individuals is completely uniform?

maximal dispersion

producers

organisms that are able to convert sunlight into chemical energy

primary heterophs

organisms that eat only producers

tertiary heterophs

organisms that eat other carnivores or omniovores

The lynx-snowshore hare population dynamic described in teh graph represents an example of population

oscillation

You have several hives of honey bees, Apis mellifera, that you keep in your backyard. To decrease disease, some bees uncap and remove dead larvae from cells, while others leave dead larvae in the cells; this difference is genetically determined. After a particularly hot summer in which many bees die from disease, you notice that the only hives remaining are the ones in which bees uncap and remove dead larvae. Over time, the population contains more bees that uncap and remove dead larvae. You have witnessed:

population-level change in a behavioral trait a population-level change in the genetic make-up of the population evolution by natural selection

A sand dollar gets its name from its body shape-it resembles a large coin, what type of body symmetry does a sand dollar have?

radial

which is not a function of exoskeleton of insects.. keeps an insect from drying out provides structural support from movement protects an organism from predation secretes toxins to ward off predators

secretes toxins to ward off predators

Homologous structures in vertebrate forelimbs are considered to be evidence for evolution because:

similarities among vertebrate forelimbs suggest that they evolved from a common ancestor

Many mosquito populations today are resistant to pesticides that were historically effective. This pesticide resistance arose in these populations because:

some individuals were resistant to the pesticides before they were used, and those mosquitoes were more likely to survive and reproduce

Which of the following organism would occupy the highest trophic level?

spider

A rocky shoreline that is covered at high tide but exposed at low tide supports a community of mussels, algae, barnacles, and starfish. An ecologist systematically removes species from different areas of the beach. Removing the mussels does not substantially change the community, but removing the starfish dramatically changes the mix of species in the area. Which is the keystone species?

starfish

A major difference between a fern and a moss is

the presence of a vascular system

"Ecology" can best be defined as:

the study of the relationships between all living organisms and their environments

Sea stars are considered a keystone species in a marine ecosystem. What role do they play in this ecosystem?

they exert a large influence on the presence or absence of numerous other species

What do all members of the informal group known as protists have in common?

they're all eukaryotic

Competition is most likely to occur

when two species occupy overlapping niches

Assume a new herbivore is added to the island - Isle Royale that is not a prey for wolves. Predict the effect of this introduction on the population of wolves

wolf population will remain the same