bio metabolic pathways
The immediate source of energy in the cell that is used to perform work is
ATP
During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?
ATP is made
A multicellular organism is a(n) ________ system because ________.
Open; it exposes energy with its surroundings
________ is the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule.
Phosphorylation
The two main types of anaerobic cellular respiration are lactic acid fermentation and ________.
alcoholic fermentation
catabolic reaction
breaking down complex molecules
Which of the following occur in the mitochondria?
citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain reaction
Which stage of cellular respiration releases the most carbon dioxide?
citric acid cycle?
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, the randomness of the universe ________.
constantly increasing
What type of reaction will NOT take place on its own without the addition of free energy?
endergonic reaction
Which of the following is an example of potential energy?
energy in a food molecule
Choose the statement below that match the Second Law of Thermodynamics.
energy is constantly required to keep entropy low
A(n) ________ speeds up a reaction, while largely remaining unchanged itself.
enzyme
A reaction that can take place on its own without the addition of free energy is ________.
exergonic reaction
"Burning off" excess weight from Christmas cookies is an example of ________.
first law of thermodynamics
Conversion of energy from one form to another relates to the
first law of thermodynamics
Pyruvate kinase is considered the rate-limiting enzyme for ________.
glycolysis
________ makes 2 molecules of ATP and 2 NADH.
glycolysis
Lactic acid generated by fermentation in muscles ________.
is sent to the liver for conversion back into pyruvic acid
Part of the Calvin cycle is known as fixation because ________.
it converts inorganic carbon dioxide into organic carbohydrates.
Energy associated with objects in motion is called ________.
kinetic energy
Which of the following fermentation methods can occur in animal skeletal muscles?
lactic acid fermentation
The conversion of ________ occurs in a photosystem inside chloroplasts.
light energy into chemical energy
________ reactions of photosynthesis convert the energy of sunlight into NADPH and ATP.
light-dependent
Enzymes function by.
lowering the activation energy of the reaction
Entropy is ________.
measure of disorder
Kinetic energy is the energy ________.
of objects in motion
Enzymes are typically specific to ________.
one substrate
A single-celled organism is a(n) ________ system because ________.
open; it exchanges energy with its surroundings
The majority of the ATP produced by cellular respiration comes from ________.
oxidative phosphorylation; the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
Carbon dioxide is a substrate for________
photosynthesis
Nearly all living things ultimately depend on ________ to make food molecules
photosynthesis
Catabolic reactions ________ energy.
release
According to ________, energy is constantly required to keep entropy low.
second law of thermodynamics
Photosynthesis produces ________
simle sugars
The most direct method of phosphorylation is ________ phosphorylation.
substrate-level
Fixation, reduction, and regeneration are the three steps of what process?
the calvin cycle of photosynthesis
Chemiosmosis involves
the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane
________ is a lipid that is connected to the glucose pathways.
triglyceride
