BIOL 2010: Chapter 1 -- The Human Body: An Orientation

Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs

2-1-4-3-5

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains _____.

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 2) cranial cavity

a.

Using Figure 1.2, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the diagram: 8) a change in the temperature of the external environment (getting warmer)

a.

Match the following cavities and organs: 27) stomach

abdominal

Match the regional /directional terms and examples: 41) the stomach is _____ to the spine

anterior

You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the ________.

anterior side of the elbow

Which of the following describes a parasagittal plane?

any sagittal plane except the midline

Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 4) vertebral cavity

b.

Using Figure 1.2, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the diagram: 6) free nerve endings in the skin detect changes in skin temperature (getting warmer)

b.

Match the following regional terms and common terms: 32) arm

brachial

The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following?

brain

Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 1) thoracic cavity

c.

Using Figure 1.2, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the diagram: 5) information about body temperature is sent through afferent pathways to the brain

c.

Match the following systems and organs: 22) arteries, veins, heart

cardiovascular

Match the following systems to their functions: 15) delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues

cardiovascular

Which of the following describes the operation of the heart and blood vessels?

cardiovascular physiology

Which of the following id the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things?

cells are the simplest structure to fit all the characteristics necessary to be considered alive

Match the following regional terms and common terms: 34) head

cephalic

Match the following cavities and organs: 30) brain

cranial

Choose the anatomical topic and definition that is not correctly matched.

cytology -- study of the structures in a particular region

Using Figure 1.1, match the following cavities: 3) abdominal cavity

d.

Using Figure 1.2, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the diagram: 7) appropriate response information is sent through efferent pathways

d.

Match the following systems and organs: 25) esophagus, large intestine, rectum

digestive

Match the regional /directional terms and examples: 40) the fingers are _____ to the wrist

distal

The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the _____ cavity.

dorsal

Using Figure 1.2, match the following descriptions to the most appropriate letter on the diagram: 9) sweat glands are stimulated as well as blood being distributed to the skin to allow cooling of the body to return the body's temperature to a physiological level

e.

Match the following systems and organs: 24) adrenal glands, pancreas, pituitary

endocrine

Match the following systems to their functions: 14) controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones

endocrine

A good example of a positive feedback mechanism would be _____.

enhancement of labor contractions

Expiration (breathing out) is how the body removes excessive carbon dioxide from the blood. This is an example of ________.

excretion of metabolic waste

What is the vertical section through the body, dividing it into anterior and posterior regions called?

frontal

Match the following regional terms and common terms: 33) buttock

gluteal

The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.

gross

Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions, which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished?

growth

The thoracic cavity contains the ________. It is found ________ to the vertebral cavity.

heart and lungs; anterior

Match the following systems to their functions: 16) a functional organ system which provides a means of protecting us from foreign invaders

immune

You are told to take an axillary temperature on a small child. You will place the thermometer ________.

in the armpit

Match the following systems to their functions: 13) prevents water loss, entry of germs into the body and synthesizes vitamin D

integumentary

Which of the following organs or structures would be found in the left iliac region?

intestines

Anatomical position is important because _____.

it allows a common point of reference for body position to help communicative anatomical relationships

Which of the following statements is the most correct regarding homeostatic imbalance?

it is considered the cause of most diseases

Match the regional /directional terms and examples: 39) the lungs are _____ to the heart

lateral

In which quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity is the stomach located?

left upper quadrant

The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane _____.

lining the thoracic cavity

Match the following systems to their functions: 17) picks up and cleans excess fluid from tissues

lymphatic

Match the regional /directional terms and examples: 37) the bridge of the nose is _____ to the left eye.

medial

Match the following systems to their functions: 10) provides the force to move bones about their joints

muscular

Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms: 18) used for changes in blood glucose levels

negative

Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms: 19) used for changes in blood pressure

negative

Match the following systems to their functions: 11) responds to environmental changes by transmitting appropriate electrical impulses

nervous

Which of the following systems responds fastest to environment stimuli?

nervous

Which of the following are survival needs of the body?

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

You are asked to take a person's heart rate at the popliteal pulse point. You will look for this pulse ________.

on the posterior side of the knee

A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to performer specific functions for the body is a(n) _____.

organ

The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except _____.

palms turned posteriorly

Match the following regional terms and common terms: 35) knee (anterior aspect)

patellar

Match the following cavities and organs: 29) uterus

pelvic

It is wise to study anatomy alongside with physiology because _____.

physiology is only explainable in terms of the underlying anatomy

In which body cavities are the lungs located?

pleural, ventral, and thoracic

Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms: 20) used for blood clotting

positive

Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms: 21) used for child birth

positive

When a baby suckles at its mother's breast the stimulus at the breast is sent to the mother's brain (a region called the hypothalamus). The brain responds by releasing hormones to stimulate the production and the ejection of milk from the breast. This helps the newborn to receive nourishment and encourages more suckling. This example is best described as a ________.

positive feedback

Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because _____.

positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level

Match the regional /directional terms and examples: 38) the upper arm is _____ to the forearm

proximal

Some of the nerve ending in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings represent a(n) _____ in the negative feedback mechanism.

receptor

Match the following systems and organs: 23) trachea, bronchi, alveoli

respiratory

Which is a vertical section through the body, dividing it into left and right, called?

sagittal

One of the functional characteristics of life is excitability or responsiveness. This refers to _____.

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

Match the following systems to their functions: 12) provides a ridged framework to support the body and stores minerals

skeletal

Select the most correct statement.

the immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system

One of the descriptions below is from the perspective of anatomical study, the rest are from a physiological perspective. Select the description below that comes from an anatomical perspective.

the innermost lining of the lungs is composed primarily of a thin tissue called simple squamous epithelium

Match the following cavities and organs: 28) heart

thoracic

Match the following cavities and organs: 31) lungs

thoracic

Match the following regional terms and common terms: 36) chest

thoracic

Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity?

thoracic cavity

The term pollex refers to the ________.

thumb

Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.

tissues

Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process?

to maintain homeostasis

Match the following systems and organs: 26) kidneys, bladder, ureters

urinary

Choose the following statement that is not completely correct regarding serous membranes.

visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart