Biology 7.1

T/F Because of Chargaff's rules, if the order of bases on one strand of DNA is known, the order of the bases on the other strand can be predicted.

True

T/F DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes.

True

T/F For many decades, scientists thought that proteins were the genetic material.

True

T/F If one strand of DNA is GAATTC, the opposite strand would be CTTAAG

True

T/F In DNA replication, half of the parental DNA molecule is conserved in each of the two daughter DNA molecules.

True

T/F Oswald Avery was the first to conclude that DNA is the genetic material.

True

T/F Proteins are made on the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

True

T/F RNA uses the instructions in DNA to make protein.

True

T/F The shape of DNA is similar to a spiral staircase, and is referred to as a double helix.

True

T/F mRNA is a copy of the genetic instructions from the DNA

True

The subunits of DNA are nucleotides consisting of

a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Definition: type of RNA that helps form ribosomes and assemble proteins

ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Proteins are made in the cytoplasm on small organelles called

ribosomes

What determines a protein's structure?

sequence of amino acids that make up the protein

Chargaff's Rules state that

the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine

Definition: type of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes where they are joined together to form proteins

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Which of the following statements about DNA is correct? (1) DNA contains instructions for all the proteins your body makes. (2) The shape of DNA is a double helix. (3) The central dogma of molecular biology states RNA -> DNA -> Protein.

1 and 2

Differences between RNA and DNA include which of the following? (1) RNA consists of one nucleotide chain. (2) RNA contains Uracil instead of Thymine. (3) RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose

1, 2, and 3

Name the Scientist: took Griffith's experiment and started deactivating parts of the bacteria strains to see what was transferring the "deadly" characteristic to the formerly safe bacteria

Avery

In DNA, G always pairs with_____.

C

Name the Scientist: discovered that in DNA there are 4 nitrogenous bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Chargaff

The amount of Adenine equals the amount of Thymine, and the amount of Guanine equals the amount of Cytosine is known as _____ rules.

Chargaff's

Definition: observations by Erwin Chargaff that concentrations of the four nucleotide bases differ among species; and that, within a species, the concentrations of adenine and thymine are always about the same and the concentrations of cytosine and guanine are always about the same

Chargaff's rules

T/F Chargaff demonstrated that in DNA, the amount of adenine is about the same as the amount of guanine.

False

T/F In eukaryotic cells, protein always remains in the nucleus, but DNA is made at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

False

T/F James Watson and Francis Crick used X-Rays to learn about DNA structure.

False

T/F RNA is much larger than DNA

False

T/F There are 4 types of RNA: mRNA, rRNA, sRNA, and tRNA

False

IF one strand of DNA is CAGGTTACG, the opposite strand is

GTCCAATGC

Name the Scientist: worked with 2 strains of bacteria S (smooth) and R (rough) S bacteria killed mice, R bacteria did not heated up S bacteria - mice lived heated up S bacteria mixed with R bacteria - mice died

Griffith

The order of experiments proving that DNA is the genetic material is

Griffith -> Avery -> Hershey and Chase

_______ and Chase confirmed that DNA is the genetic material.

Hershey

Name the Scientist: worked with viruses (basically DNA with a protein shell) labelled the DNA with a radioactive tag and watched what happened saw that the viral DNA was what took over the host cell and confirmed that information was carried by DNA

Hershey and Chase

______ RNA copies the genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus, and carries them to the cytoplasm.

Messenger

_____ contains the nitrogen base Uracil.

RNA

_____ RNA helps from ribosomes.

Ribosomal

In DNA, A always pairs with____.

T

_____ RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes.

Transfer

Name the Scientist: discovered the shape of DNA, which is a double helix (often referred to as a spiral staircase shape) they often given credit for discovering the structure of DNA even though many scientists worked on it

Watson & Crick

The structure of DNA was identified by

Watson and Crick

Definition: doctrine that genetic instructions in DNA are copied by RNA, which carries them to a ribosome where they are used to synthesize a protein (DNA → RNA → protein)

central dogma of molecular biology

Griffith showed that a substance could be transferred to harmless bacteria and make them

deadly

DNA stands for

deoxyribonucleic acid

The DNA molecule has a double____shape.

helix

The types of RNA include

mRNA

Definition: type of RNA that copies genetic instructions from DNA in the nucleus and carries them to the cytoplasm

messenger RNA (mRNA)

In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes always remain in the_____.

nucleus