Biology and Society reading quizzes 7-12

When do cells metabolize fats for energy? a.) At any time if more energy is required b.) After all carbohydrates have been depleted c.) After glycolysis has occurred d.) After all proteins have been depleted

After all carbohydrates have been depleted

Which monomer units combine to form proteins ? a.) nucleotides b.) fatty acids c.) sugars d.) amino acids

Amino acids

Carbohydrates provide energy for the body. Why would carbohydrates from an apple be healthier than those from a slice of apple pie? a.) An apple contains simple carbohydrates and is easier to digest. b.) An apple is a whole food containing fiber, minerals, and vitamins. c.) Apple pie contains fewer refined sugars for less energy. d.) Apple pie has been cooked which increases chemical reactions.

An apple is a whole food containing fiber, minerals, and vitamins.

Dan wrestles in the lowest weight class for his college team. He follows a strict diet to maintain his weight class and often restricts food to avoid gaining weight, even during the off-season. What health condition is Dan at risk of developing? a.) Heart b.) disease c.) Stroke d.) Anorexia e.) Diabetes

Anorexia

How does the body's metabolic rate respond to extreme dieting? a.) Calories are burned at a much slower rate. b.) Enough calories are burned to maintain a healthy weight. c.) The metabolic rate increased after the extreme diet ended. d.) Calories are burned at a much faster rate.

Calories are burned at a much slower rate.

Which element is the basis for the macromolecules found in living things ? a.) nitrogen b.) carbon c.) oxygen d.) hydrogen

Carbon

Why can carbon compounds have such diverse shapes ? a.) Carbon atoms can only form single bonds. b.) Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds. c.) Carbon atoms must bond with other elements. d.) Carbon atoms can form ionic bonds.

Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds

DNA is a nucleic acid in living organisms. What components are found in DNA ? a.) Polysaccharides composed of sugar monomers are the building blocks of DNA. b.) Complementary nitrogenous base pairs are the rungs of the DNA ladder. c.) A sugar-protein backbone forms the sides of the DNA double helix. d.) Adenine always pairs with guanine due to their similar structures.

Complementary nitrogenous base pairs are the rungs of DNA ladder

What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms ? a.) ionic b.) hydrophilic c.) hydrophobic d.) covalent e.) hydrogen

Covalent

What kind of bond is found between the individual atoms of a single water molecule ? a.) ionic bonds b.) covalent bonds that are not polar c.) hydrogen bonds d.) covalent bonds that are polar

Covalent bonds that are polar

What is the ability of living things to maintain a relatively constant internal environment ? a.) stimulus-response b.) metabolism c.) homeostasis d.) cellular respiration

Homeostasis

Which of these bonds is the weakest ?

Hydrogen bonds

How does ATP provide energy to a cell? a.) It shuttles electrons across the mitochondrial membrane to create potential energy. b.) It releases electrons, which are a source of energy. c.) It releases protons, which are used in the mitochondrion to create energy. d.) It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process

It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process

Why is oxygen considered highly electronegative ? a.) It has a non polar structure. b.) It repels electrons away from its nucleus. c.) It discharges electrons readily out of the atom. d.) It pulls electrons toward itself.

It pulls electrons toward itself

which feature is present in all known things? a.) growth from inorganic materials b.) absorption of sunlight for energy c.) genes made from proteins d.) metabolic reactions

Metabolic Reactions

How are minerals different from vitamins? a.) Minerals can only be obtained from vegetables. b.) Minerals can be synthesized by the body. c.) Minerals can be removed from food by boiling. d.) Minerals are inorganic molecules.

Minerals are inorganic molecules

Which organelle performs cellular respiration? a.) mitochondrion b.) Golgi apparatus c.) nucleolus d.) chloroplast

Mitochondrion

A(n) ___ refers to two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds a.) ion b.) molecule c.) isotope d.) community e.) shell

Molecule

During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. a.) NADH ... intermembrane space b.) NADH and FADH2 ... mitochondrial matrix c.) NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space d.) acetyl CoA ... intermembrane space e.) NADH ... mitochondrial matrix

NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space

Which of these is rich in unsaturated fats? a.) butter b.) a fat that is solid at room temperature c.) beef fat d.) lard e.) olive oil

Olive oil

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ ? a.) Only prokaryotic cells have a cell wall. b.) Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. c.) Only prokaryotic cells have a plasma membrane. d.) Only eukaryotic cells contain DNA.

Only eukaryotic cells have a nucleus

In this molecule, what type of bond is found between the oxygen and hydrogens ? a.) hydrophilic b.) nonpolar covalent c.) hydrophobic d.) ionic e.) polar covalent

Polar covalent

Which action occurs during active transport? a.) Proteins powered by ATP move substances up a concentration gradient. b.) Water moves across the plasma membrane. c.) Substances move spontaneously down a concentration gradient. d.) Amino acids are transported across the membrane by proteins.

Proteins powered by ATP move substances up a concentration gradient

This figure is an example of a(n) _____. a.) steroid b.) unsaturated fat c.) nucleic acid d.) saturated fat e.) protein

Saturated fat

Which term best describes the water combined with powder to make lemonade ? a.) solvent b.) solute c.) reactant d.) product

Solvent

Why isn't the insect drowning ? a.) The insect is very light. b.) The insect is flying just above the water surface. c.) It is difficult to change the temperature of water. d.) Surface tension. e.) The insect is swimming.

Surface tension

Imagine a balloon is made from a membrane that's permeable to water but not sugar molecules. How would the balloon be affected if it is filled with a 50% sugar solution and then placed in a beaker of water? a.) The balloon would get larger as it gains water. b.) The balloon would not change in size or volume. c.) The balloon would eventually burst. d.) The balloon would get smaller as it loses water.

The balloon would get larger as it gains water.

During cellular respiration, where does the energy released from glucose go as it is metabolized into the low-energy compounds carbon dioxide and water? a.) The energy goes into ATP. b.) The energy goes into electrons that directly power the cell. c.) The energy goes out of the cell as heat. d.) The energy goes into lactic acid.

The energy goes into ATP.

Which statement describes enzymes? a.) Enzymes eliminate the activation energy barrier. b.) An enzyme molecule is permanently changed by the substrate molecule. c.) The shape of an enzyme determines its specificity. d.) One enzyme catalyzes many different reactions with a variety of substrates.

The shape of an enzyme determines its specificity.

Which statement describes your body's metabolic rate? a.) The speed at which enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in your body b.) The speed at which chemical reactions occur when you are resting but awake. c.) All the chemical reactions in your body d.) The number of food calories needed to keep your weight stable.

The speed at which enzymes catalyze chemical reactions in your body

How are trans fats different from regular saturated fats? a.) Trans fats do not contain glycerol. b.) Trans fats are liquid at room temperature. c.) Trans fats have flattened fatty acids. d.) Trans fats cannot form carbon-carbon double bonds.

Trans fats have flattened fatty acids.

True or false: Metabolism includes the synthesis of substances necessary for life, as well as the breakdown of substances to produce energy

True

True or false: Zombies are not really living because they cannot reproduce. Living organisms must be able to reproduce.

True

Which factor would most affect an individual's basal metabolic rate? a.) meal times b.) sleep schedule c.) vitamin supplementation d.) activity level

activity level

What type of metabolic pathway requires oxygen? a.) anaerobic b.) fermentative c.) aerobic d.) photosynthetic

aerobic

Which process creates the most ATP per glucose molecule metabolized? a.) glycolysis b.) aerobic cellular respiration c.) fermentation d.) anaerobic respiration

aerobic cellular respiration

What is meant by metabolism? a.) he body's ability to maintain a constant temperature b.) chemical reactions that create molecules in the body c.) all chemical reactions occurring in the body d.) the body's ability to lose weigh

all chemical reactions occurring in the body

What are the protein pores in the plasma membrane that allow water to enter cells? a.) aquaporins b.) electrolytes c.) exocytes d.) diffusion channels

aquaporins

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role _____. a.) as a component of animal cell membranes b.) as the primary female sex hormone c.) the most abundant male sex hormone d.) in calcium and phosphate metabolism e.) All of cholesterol's effects cause the body harm.

as a component of animal cell membranes

Why might bacteria be considered more successful than humans? a.) Humans are resistant to bacterial infections. b.) Bacteria have been evolving for billions of years. c.) Bacteria are less diversified than humans. d.) Bacteria have very specialized food sources.

b.) Bacteria have been evolving for billions of years.

Which feature is found in prokaryotic cells? a.) nuclear membrane b.) cell wall c.) organelle d.) nucleus

b.) cell wall

The following diagram shows molecules connected in a DNA strand. Which components of the DNA strand are connected by strong bonds? a.) Phosphate molecules and nitrogenous bases b.) Adenine and thymine base pairs c.) Phosphate and sugar molecules d.) Guanine and cytosine base pair

c.) Phosphate and sugar molecules

Which of these is NOT a lipid? a.) cholesterol b.) wax c.) RNA d.) phospholipid e.) steroids

c.) RNA

The Bermuda Triangle a.) is an area off the coast of Florida with a higher-than-average rate of ship and plane disappearance. b.) is rich in methane deposits that rise into the atmosphere and are struck by lightning, bringing down planes. c.) does not have a higher rate of disappearance of planes or ships than any other same-sized area

c.) does not have a higher rate of disappearance of planes or ships than any other same-sized area

the amino acid tryptophan a.) in turkey causes drowsiness. b.) is typically not part of protein-rich foods. c.) is not more common in turkey than in most other protein-rich foods. d.) causes the urine to darken.

c.) is not more common in turkey than in most other protein-rich foods.

A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____. a.) amino group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar b.) sulfhydryl group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar c.) phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar d.) glycerol, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar e.) phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a hydrocarbon

c.) phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar

The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. a.) NADH b.) water c.) CO2 d.) oxygen e.) FADH2

d.) oxygen

For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH enter the electron transport chain. a.) 6 b.) 2 c.) 0 d.) 4 e.) 10

e.) 10

Phagocytic white blood cells digest many of the invasive bacteria that enter the human body. How could a bacterial cell enter a white blood cell to be digested? a.) facilitated diffusion b.) active transport c.) endocytosis d.) exocytosis

endocytosis

each water molecule is joined to ____ other water molecules by ____ bonds a.) two ... hydrogen b.) three ... ionic c.) two ... polar covalent d.) four ... hydrogen e.) four ... polar covalent

four, hydrogen

The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. a.) ionic bonds b.) S—S bonds c.) hydrophilic interactions d.) covalent bonds e.) hydrogen bonds

hydrogen bonds

An enzyme _____. a.) is a inorganic catalyst b.) is an organic catalyst c.) is a source of energy for endergonic reactions d.) can bind to nearly any molecule e.) increases the the activation energy of a reaction

is an organic catalyst

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____. a.) loses a phosphate group b.) permanently alters its shape. c.) loses energy d.) is used up e.) is unchanged

is uncharged

The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____. a.) substrate-level phosphorylation b.) NADH and FADH2 c.) ATP synthase d.) kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient e.) ATP

kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient

When a muscle cell contracts, what type of work is being powered by ATP? a.) mechanical b.) potential c.) chemical d.) transport

mechanical

In which eukaryotic cell structure are ribosomes made? a.) endoplasmic reticulum b.) lysosome c.) Golgi apparatus d.) nucleolus

nucleolus

What name is given to the process by which water crosses a selectively permeable membrane? a.) phagocytosis b.) pinocytosis c.) passive transport d.) diffusion e.) osmosis

osmosis

In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. a.) oxidative phosphorylation b.) substrate-level c.) phosphorylation d.) photophosphorylation e.) photosynthesis f.) cellular respiration

oxidative phosphorylation

What does recent research suggest about the relationships between weight and health risks? a.) People who are slightly overweight have the lowest health risks. b.) People of normal weights have the lowest health risks. c.) People who are underweight have the highest health risks. d.) People who are moderately obese have the highest health risks.

people who are slightly overweight have the lowest health risks.

Cells contain proteins that help transport substances from the exterior to the interior of the cell. Where are these proteins found? a.) lysosome b.) Golgi apparatus c.) plasma membrane d.) mitochondrion

plasma membrane

Some antibiotics disrupt bacterial phospholipids. Which cell component would be affected by such antibiotics? a.) endoplasmic reticulum b.) plasma membrane c.) Golgi apparatus d.) ribosome

plasma membrane

The unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule the water molecule ____ a.) polar b.) ionic c.) have a low surface tension d.) hydrophobic e.) change easily from a liquid to gaseous form

polar

Which substance is a micronutrient? a.) protein b.) water c.) potassium d.) carbohydrate

potassium

Which substance is a micronutrient? a.)protein b.) water c.) potassium d.) carbohydrate

potassium

Most enzymes are _____. a.) nucleic acids b.) minerals c.) lipids d.) proteins e.) carbohydrates

proteins

What type of molecules, embedded in phospholipid bilayers, transport hydrophilic molecules into or out of the cell? a.)proteins b.) carbohydrates c.) lipids d.) nucleic acids

proteins

Enzymes work by _____. a.) adding a phosphate group to a reactant b.) increasing the potential energy difference between reactant and product c.) decreasing the potential energy difference between reactant and product d.) reducing activation energy e.) adding energy to a reaction

reducing activation energy

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction? a.) substrate b.) reactors c.) active sites d.) products

substrate

True or False: Essential fatty acids must be obtained from your diet.

true

A plant is suffering from drought and beginning to wilt. Which cell component is affected and what type of molecule is being lost from this structure? a.) vacuole; water b.) lysosome; enzymes c.) endoplasmic reticulum; protein d.) Golgi apparatus; water

vacuole; water

What is a saturated fat? a.) a tightly packed, solid structure with no double bonds b.) a flat structure with few hydrogens attached to carbons c.) a loosely packed, liquid structure with many double bonds d.) a kinked structure with many hydrogens attached to carbons

a tightly packed, solid structure with no double bonds

Of the three experiments described here, select all those that would qualify as "good science." a.) The manufacturer of magnets marketed to decrease joint pain hires a scientist to study the pain mitigating properties of magnets. In one experiment, the scientist finds a statistically significant improvement in those who wear the magnets. She then analyzes the data and experimental design to see whether there is some explanation, aside from wearing magnets, for why she got this result. b.) A politician wonders whether too much money is being spent on early childhood education. She interviews parents of children in the program and realizes that the parents are not very well educated. She is familiar with a scientific study showing the correlation between the IQs of parents and their children. She decides to cut funding to the program because she feels it is not possible to help children whose parents are not well educated. c.) An environmentalist thinks climate change is causing Earth to warm. He measures the temperature in the same spot on his backyard patio every day for one summer. He then researches the daily temperature in his town on the same days for the previous year. He finds a 0.02 degrees Celsius increase in average temperature for the summer. He concludes that human-caused climate change is occurring.

a.) The manufacturer of magnets marketed to decrease joint pain hires a scientist to study the pain mitigating properties of magnets. In one experiment, the scientist finds a statistically significant improvement in those who wear the magnets. She then analyzes the data and experimental design to see whether there is some explanation, aside from wearing magnets, for why she got this result.

Sugary Drinks a.) may be mistakenly correlated with hyperactivity because parents expect this behavior from children who drink them. b.) have been shown to cause hyperactivity in children. c.) have been shown to increase the secretion of hormones that cause agitation in children. D.)have been shown to increase the secretion of substances that cause euphoria in children.

A.) may be mistakenly correlated with hyperactivity because parents expect this behavior from children who drink them.

If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand? a.) 3'-ATTTGC-5' b.) 3'-TAAACG-5' c.) 3'-TUUUCG-5' d.) 3'-GCAAAT-5' e.) 3'-UAAACG-5

3'-TAAACG-5'

This atom can form up to ___ single covalent bonds a.) 3 b.) 0 c.) 2 d.) 1 e.) 4

4

If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? a.) 25 b.) 200 c.) 50 d.) 150 e.) 75

75

Why might the Body Mass Index (BMI) be an inaccurate measure of healthy body weight? a.) BMI doesn't list values for very short or very tall people. b.) BMI doesn't distinguish between lean muscle and body fat. c.) BMI only considers your weight, but not your height. d.) BMI only lists what normal weight amounts should be.

BMI doesn't distinguish between lean muscle and body fat.

Which breakfast foods were produced through the process of fermentation? a.) Orange juice and coffee b.) Bacon and eggs c.) Pancakes with maple syrup d.) Bagel and cream cheese

Bagel and cream cheese

Which feature is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells ? a.) mitochondrion b.) Golgi apparatus c.) chloroplast d.) DNA

DNA

A(n) ____ bonds joins these two oxygen atoms a.) double covalent b.) single covalent c.) hydrogen d.) quadruple covalent e.) ionic

Double covalent

The tendency of atom to pull electrons toward itself is referred to as its ____ a.) covalency b.) electronegativity c.) tonicity d.) ionic potential e.) polarity

Electronegativity