Biology Chapter 5 Study Guide

ATP releases energy when

A phosphate is removed

Considering the ATP cycle, which of the following would have the most potential energy to perform work for Cell activities

ATP

Identify which of the following statements is not true

ATP is comprised of a sugar, base, and two phosphate groups

The part of the enzyme into which the substrate fits is called the

Active site

Which of these words it does not belong with the rest as it relates to concentration gradient

Active transport

Which is an example of potential energy rather than kinetic energy

An Apple made up of energy rich macromolecules

Enzymes are named based on the substrate that they bind this is possible because

And enzyme binds one specific substrate

Pickles are often preserved in a 20 to 30% salt solution called brine how does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water

Which one of the following molecules is able to move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following is an example of osmosis

Cells in our kidneys reabsorb water to reduce the amount of water lost in our urine

Which of the following statements describes the correct play with energy conversions through living systems

Chloroplast convert solar energy to the chemical energy of nutrient molecules

Probable factors that affect the passage of materials across the cell membrane include all of the following except

Color

Because it is a passive process, which membrane transport process can continue whether the cell is alive or dead

Diffision

Which form of passive transport a well small molecules, such as oxygen, across the cell membrane

Diffusion

Which of the following terms best describes entropy

Disorder

Simple diffusion across a plasma membrane is called passive transport because it

Does not require energy from the cell

Why do metabolic pathways require tens to hundreds of different enzymes

Each enzyme has a specific substrate and produces a specific product

When a car burns gasoline, much of the energy is released in the form of heat which of the following best describes this process in relation to the first law of thermodynamics

Energy can be changed from one form to another

Which statement most accurately describes the second law of thermodynamics

Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy

When neurons release the neurotransmitters, they release them by secretory vesicles fusing With the plasma membrane there by emptying the contents Into an area that can stimulate some response what type of cellular transport is occurring as the vesicle forms And then surfaces on the cells plasma membrane

Exocytosis

Molecules move from greater to lesser concentration through a transport protein in

Facilitated diffusion

What process typically regulates the enzymes involved in metabolic reactions

Feedback inhibition

Which of the following is not a mechanism used to move materials in and out of the cell

Feedback inhibition

Intestinal cells absorb glucose via Facilitated defusion what would happen if all the mitochondria within these intestinal cells were destroyed

Glucose absorption would be slow at first and then increase

A patient who is admitted to the hospital shares that she has been taking a series of water pills to help her lose weight her skin and mucous membranes are dry, and she's complaining of a headache the physician on call asked for an IV treatment to be promptly administered based on the information given, what would likely be the type of IV solution given to this patient

Hypotonic

Simple diffusion of molecules occurs

In nonliving systems as well as living systems

The changing of an enzyme shape as the substrate binds to the activity site is called the

Induced fit model

Energy of activation

Is the energy required for molecules to react with each other

When a cell is in a solution where the concentration of the solute is the same in the cell as in the solution, the solution is called

Isotonic

ATP is a good source of energy for a cell because

It's breakdown is coupled with energy requiring reaction

Which energy association is correct

Kinetic energy is energy of motion

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

Lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

Where within the cell is ATP produced

Mitochondria

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the first law of thermodynamics

One usable form of energy cannot be completely converted into another usable form

Which of the following is a byproduct of photosynthesis that is used during cellular respiration

Oxygen

Which of the types of cellular activities listed below would not use ATP

Passive transport

A white blood cell surrounds and engulfs a worn-out red blood cell, forming a vesicle around the red blood cells this process is called

Phagocytosis

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 3% the concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 1% how could the cell obtain more calcium

Pinocytisis

The opposite of a turgid plant cell is a

Plasmolyzed plant cell

Which of the following enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific type of molecule

Receptor mediated endocytosis

If what cells are placed in a hypertonic solution, the Cell's will

Shrink do you to water loss by the Cell

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy how can photosynthesis take more disordered carbon dioxide and water and convert them into glucose, which is more ordered

Solar energy is being added to the reaction to create glucose

Which of the following shows the flow of energy at the cellular level through the biosphere

Solar energy-chloroplast-mitochondria

Which of the following is not an example of osmosis

Sugar in coffee dissolve

Which of the following is not a type of potential energy

The energy of a ball rolling down a hill

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy transformations result in more disordered energy how does this relate to energy transformation in a living organism

The energy taken in as food is eventually converted into heat energy

Once the substrate moves into the active site of the enzyme

The enzyme altars in shape to more closely fit the substrate

Both starch and cellulose are made by stringing together many glucose molecules, but starch is easily digested by humans, wall so you loose is indigestible the starch polysaccharide has every bond occurring below the sugar rings while the bond in cellulose alternate between one bond above the ring and the next below the ring how can you explain humans inability to digest cellulose

The enzyme that breaks down starch can only fit the specific bond configuration of bonds below the ring

Which of the following is best associated with a coupled reaction

The metabolic reaction requires energy from ATP

What prevents a plant cell from bursting in a hypotonic solution

The presence of a cell wall

What is the biological risk of using salt on icy roads in parts of the country that have a cold winter season

The salt has the risk of leaching into the ground in creating a hypertonic environment for plant cells

When a potted house plant is wilting, the addition of water quickly changes the look of the plant this can be accounted for by which of the following statements

The water create a hypertonic environment causing the cells to gain water

The second law of thermodynamics states at all energy transformations result in more disordered Energy how do living organisms, which depend on the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy to fuel their activities, continue to live

They must constantly take in chemical potential energy for fuel and excrete waste

In feedback inhibition of a metabolic pathway, where does the inhibitor bind

To the enzyme of the first reaction

Less energy is needed to bring a bout a reaction when an enzyme is present

True